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Zu L, Zhang C, Li YY, Gu Y, Tsai YLS, Fan YZ. Mirror QCD phase transition as the origin of the nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:741-746. [PMID: 38320899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) Collaborations have recently provided strong evidence for a nHz Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (SGWB). Here we investigate the implications of a first-order phase transition occurring within the early Universe's dark quantum chromodynamics epoch, specifically within the framework of the mirror twin Higgs dark sector model. Our analysis indicates a distinguishable SGWB signal originating from this phase transition, which can explain the measurements obtained by PTAs. Remarkably, a significant portion of the parameter space for the SGWB signal also effectively resolves the existing tensions in both the H0 and S8 measurements in Cosmology. This intriguing correlation suggests a possible common origin of these three phenomena for 0.2<ΔNeff<0.5, where the mirror dark matter component constitutes less than 30% of the total dark matter abundance. Next-generation CMB experiments such as CMB-S4 can test this parameter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue-Lin Sming Tsai
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Zhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Franciolini G, Racco D, Rompineve F. Footprints of the QCD Crossover on Cosmological Gravitational Waves at Pulsar Timing Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081001. [PMID: 38457711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies, possibly originating in the early Universe. We show that the spectral shape of the low-frequency (causality) tail of GW signals sourced at temperatures around T≳1 GeV is distinctively affected by confinement of strong interactions (QCD), due to the corresponding sharp decrease in the number of relativistic species, and significantly deviates from ∼f^{3} commonly adopted in the literature. Bayesian analyses in the NANOGrav 15 years and the previous international PTA datasets reveal a significant improvement in the fit with respect to cubic power-law spectra, previously employed for the causality tail. While no conclusion on the nature of the signal can be drawn at the moment, our results show that the inclusion of standard model effects on cosmological GWs can have a decisive impact on model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Franciolini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma and INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Racco
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fabrizio Rompineve
- CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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3
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Franciolini G, Iovino AJ, Vaskonen V, Veermäe H. Recent Gravitational Wave Observation by Pulsar Timing Arrays and Primordial Black Holes: The Importance of Non-Gaussianities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:201401. [PMID: 38039467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We study whether the signal seen by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) may originate from gravitational waves (GWs) induced by large primordial perturbations. Such perturbations may be accompanied by a sizable primordial black hole (PBH) abundance. We improve existing analyses and show that PBH overproduction disfavors Gaussian scenarios for scalar-induced GWs at 2σ and single-field inflationary scenarios, accounting for non-Gaussianity, at 3σ as the explanation of the most constraining NANOGrav 15-year data. This tension can be relaxed in models where non-Gaussianities suppress the PBH abundance. On the flip side, the PTA data does not constrain the abundance of PBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Franciolini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- INFN sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Junior Iovino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- INFN sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ville Vaskonen
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, Tallinn, Estonia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hardi Veermäe
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, Tallinn, Estonia
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4
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Gouttenoire Y. First-Order Phase Transition Interpretation of Pulsar Timing Array Signal Is Consistent with Solar-Mass Black Holes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171404. [PMID: 37955485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We perform a Bayesian analysis of NANOGrav 15-yr and IPTA DR2 pulsar timing residuals and show that the recently detected stochastic gravitational-wave background is compatible with a stochastic gravitational-wave background produced by bubble dynamics during a cosmological first-order phase transition. The timing data suggest that the phase transition would occur around QCD confinement temperature and would have a slow rate of completion. This scenario can naturally lead to the abundant production of primordial black holes with solar masses. These primordial black holes can potentially be detected by current and advanced gravitational-wave detectors LIGO-Virgo-Kagra, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, by astrometry with GAIA, and by 21-cm survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gouttenoire
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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Liu J, Bian L, Cai RG, Guo ZK, Wang SJ. Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions with Curvature Perturbations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:051001. [PMID: 36800455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The randomness of the quantum tunneling process induces superhorizon curvature perturbations during cosmological first-order phase transitions. We for the first time utilize curvature perturbations to constrain the phase transition parameters, and find that the observations of the cosmic microwave background spectrum distortion and the ultracompact minihalo abundance can give strict constraints on the phase transitions below 100 GeV, especially for the low-scale phase transitions and some electroweak phase transitions. The current constraints on the phase transition parameters are largely extended by the results of this work, therefore provide an novel approach to probe related new physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ligong Bian
- Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong-Gen Cai
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zong-Kuan Guo
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Caldwell R, Cui Y, Guo HK, Mandic V, Mariotti A, No JM, Ramsey-Musolf MJ, Sakellariadou M, Sinha K, Wang LT, White G, Zhao Y, An H, Bian L, Caprini C, Clesse S, Cline JM, Cusin G, Fornal B, Jinno R, Laurent B, Levi N, Lyu KF, Martinez M, Miller AL, Redigolo D, Scarlata C, Sevrin A, Haghi BSE, Shu J, Siemens X, Steer DA, Sundrum R, Tamarit C, Weir DJ, Xie KP, Yang FW, Zhou S. Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics. GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION 2022; 54:156. [PMID: 36465478 PMCID: PMC9712380 DOI: 10.1007/s10714-022-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal-including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes-and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yanou Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Huai-Ke Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Vuk Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alberto Mariotti
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Miguel No
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf
- Tsung Dao Lee Institute/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200120 People’s Republic of China
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Kuver Sinha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA
| | - Lian-Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Graham White
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligong Bian
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiara Caprini
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Clesse
- Service de Physique Théorique (CP225), University of Brussels (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - James M. Cline
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Giulia Cusin
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bartosz Fornal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA
| | - Ryusuke Jinno
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Noam Levi
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Kun-Feng Lyu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Mario Martinez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and ICREA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Diego Redigolo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarlata
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexander Sevrin
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barmak Shams Es Haghi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Jing Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Insitute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 People’s Republic of China
- International Center for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing, Hanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xavier Siemens
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Danièle A. Steer
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Carlos Tamarit
- Physik-Department T70, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David J. Weir
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ke-Pan Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Feng-Wei Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Siyi Zhou
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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7
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Kahniashvili T, Clarke E, Stepp J, Brandenburg A. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Limits and Relic Gravitational-Wave Detection Prospects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:221301. [PMID: 35714231 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.221301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the big bang nucleosynthesis limits on primordial magnetic fields and/or turbulent motions accounting for the decaying nature of turbulent sources between the time of generation and big bang nucleosynthesis. This leads to larger estimates for the gravitational wave signal than previously expected. We address the detection prospects through space-based interferometers and pulsar timing arrays or astrometric missions for gravitational waves generated around the electroweak and quantum chromodynamics energy scale, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kahniashvili
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 0194 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Tbilisi GE-0179, Georgia
| | - Emma Clarke
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan Stepp
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Axel Brandenburg
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 0194 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Abstract
After large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems. Their orbital motion should generate a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background utilize pulsar timing arrays, which perform long-term monitoring of millisecond pulsars at radio wavelengths. We use 12.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data to form a gamma-ray pulsar timing array. Results from 35 bright gamma-ray pulsars place a 95% credible limit on the GWB characteristic strain of 1.0 × 10-14 at a frequency of 1 yr-1. The sensitivity is expected to scale with t obs, the observing time span, as [Formula: see text]. This direct measurement provides an independent probe of the GWB while offering a check on radio noise models.
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10
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Ares FR, Henriksson O, Hindmarsh M, Hoyos C, Jokela N. Gravitational Waves at Strong Coupling from an Effective Action. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:131101. [PMID: 35426712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using a holographic derivation of a quantum effective action for a scalar operator at strong coupling, we compute quasiequilibrium parameters relevant for the gravitational wave signal from a first-order phase transition in a simple dual model. We discuss how the parameters of the phase transition vary with the effective number of degrees of freedom of the dual field theory. Our model can produce an observable signal at LISA if the critical temperature is around a TeV, in a parameter region where the field theory has an approximate conformal symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fëanor Reuben Ares
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Henriksson
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Hindmarsh
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hoyos
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Oviedo and Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), c/ Federico García Lorca 18, ES-33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Niko Jokela
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects. GALAXIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.
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12
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Benetti M, Graef LL, Vagnozzi S. Primordial gravitational waves from NANOGrav: A broken power-law approach. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.043520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Xue X, Bian L, Shu J, Yuan Q, Zhu X, Bhat NDR, Dai S, Feng Y, Goncharov B, Hobbs G, Howard E, Manchester RN, Russell CJ, Reardon DJ, Shannon RM, Spiewak R, Thyagarajan N, Wang J. Constraining Cosmological Phase Transitions with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:251303. [PMID: 35029430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.251303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A cosmological first-order phase transition is expected to produce a stochastic gravitational wave background. If the phase transition temperature is on the MeV scale, the power spectrum of the induced stochastic gravitational waves peaks around nanohertz frequencies, and can thus be probed with high-precision pulsar timing observations. We search for such a stochastic gravitational wave background with the latest data set of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We find no evidence for a Hellings-Downs spatial correlation as expected for a stochastic gravitational wave background. Therefore, we present constraints on first-order phase transition model parameters. Our analysis shows that pulsar timing is particularly sensitive to the low-temperature (T∼1-100 MeV) phase transition with a duration (β/H_{*})^{-1}∼10^{-2}-10^{-1} and therefore can be used to constrain the dark and QCD phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- II. Institute of Theoretical Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ligong Bian
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Center for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing/Hanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xingjiang Zhu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - N D Ramesh Bhat
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Shi Dai
- Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boris Goncharov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - George Hobbs
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
| | - Eric Howard
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
- Macquarie University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J Russell
- CSIRO Scientific Computing, Australian Technology Park, Locked Bag 9013, Alexandria, NSW 1435, Australia
| | - Daniel J Reardon
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Ryan M Shannon
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Renée Spiewak
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jingbo Wang
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
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Schirber M. Pulsars Probe Early Universe. PHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.14.s160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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