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Liu Y, Cao W, Yao LH, Pi LW, Zhou Y, Lu P. In-line attosecond photoelectron holography for single photon ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17902-17909. [PMID: 38888148 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The momentum distribution of photoelectrons in H2+ molecules subjected to an attosecond pulse is theoretically investigated. To better understand the laser-molecule interaction, we develop an in-line photoelectron holography approach that is analogous to optical holography. This approach is specifically suitable for extracting the amplitude and phase of the forward-scattered electron wave packet in a dissociating molecule with atomic precision. We also extend this approach to imaging the transient scattering cross-section of a molecule dressed by a near infrared laser field. This attosecond photoelectron holography sheds light on structural microscopy of dissociating molecules with high spatial-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ling-Hui Yao
- Research Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Liang-Wen Pi
- Research Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yueming Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Peixiang Lu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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Khurelbaatar T, Heo J, Yu S, Lai X, Liu X, Kim DE. Strong-field photoelectron holography in the subcycle limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:108. [PMID: 38714677 PMCID: PMC11076600 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Strong-field photoelectron holography is promising for the study of electron dynamics and structure in atoms and molecules, with superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to conventional electron and X-ray diffractometry. However, the application of strong-field photoelectron holography has been hindered by inter-cycle interference from multicycle fields. Here, we address this challenge by employing a near-single-cycle field to suppress the inter-cycle interference. We observed and separated two distinct holographic patterns for the first time. Our measurements allow us not only to identify the Gouy phase effect on electron wavepackets and holographic patterns but also to correctly extract the internuclear separation of the target molecule from the holographic pattern. Our work leads to a leap jump from theory to application in the field of strong-field photoelectron holography-based ultrafast imaging of molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Khurelbaatar
- Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaewuk Heo
- Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, 430206, Wuhan, China.
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.
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Min Y, Xu X, Lv X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Hao X, Tan J. Probing the electron motion in molecules using forward-scattering photoelectron holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:857-870. [PMID: 38175105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Charge migration initiated by the coherent superposition of several electronic states is a basic process in intense laser-matter interactions. Observing this process on its intrinsic timescale is one of the central goals of attosecond science. Here, using forward-scattering photoelectron holography we theoretically demonstrate a scheme to probe the charge migration in molecules. In our scheme, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the photoelectron momentum distributions (PEMDs) for strong-field tunneling ionization of the molecule are obtained. For a superposition state, it is shown that an intriguing shift of the holographic interference appears in the PEMDs, when the molecule is aligned perpendicularly to the linearly polarized laser field. With the quantum-orbit analysis, we demonstrate that this shift of the interference fringes is caused by the time evolution of the non-stationary superposition state. By analyzing the dependence of the shift on the final parallel momentum of the electrons, the relative phase and the expansion coefficient ratio of the two electronic states involved in the superposition state are determined accurately. Our study provides an efficient method for probing the charge migration in molecules. It will facilitate the application of the forward-scattering photoelectron holography to survey the electronic dynamics in more complex molecules.
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Tong J, Pan S, Jiang W, Han L, Xu Y, Zuo Z, Lu P, Gong X, Wu J. Identifying photoelectron releasing order in strong-field dissociative ionization of H 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:25467-25476. [PMID: 37710432 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Driven by intense laser fields, the outgoing photoelectrons in molecules possess a quiver motion, resulting in the rise of the effective ionization potential. The coupling of the field-dressed ionization potential with abundant molecular dynamics complicates the laser-molecule interactions. Here, we demonstrate an approach to resolve photoelectron releasing order in the dissociative and non-dissociative channels of multiphoton ionization driven by an orthogonally polarized two-color femtosecond laser pulse. The photoelectron kinetic energy releases and the regular nodes in the photoelectron angular distributions due to the participation of different continuum partial waves allow us to deduce the field-dressed ionization potential of various channels. It returns the ponderomotive energy experienced by the outgoing electron and reveals the corresponding photoionization instants within the laser pulse. Our results provide a route to explore the complex strong-field ionization dynamics of molecules using two-dimensional photoelectron momentum spectroscopy.
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Zhang Q, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Tian Y, Liu Y. Dissociative photoionization studies of ethyl iodide using synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Yu M, Liu K, Li M, Yan J, Cao C, Tan J, Liang J, Guo K, Cao W, Lan P, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Lu P. Full experimental determination of tunneling time with attosecond-scale streaking method. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:215. [PMID: 35798716 PMCID: PMC9262890 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous processes in the quantum world. The question of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier has sparked a long-standing debate since the early days of quantum mechanics. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme to accurately determine the tunneling time of an electron. In this scheme, a weak laser field is used to streak the tunneling current produced by a strong elliptically polarized laser field in an attoclock configuration, allowing us to retrieve the tunneling ionization time relative to the field maximum with a precision of a few attoseconds. This overcomes the difficulties in previous attoclock measurements wherein the Coulomb effect on the photoelectron momentum distribution has to be removed with theoretical models and it requires accurate information of the driving laser fields. We demonstrate that the tunneling time of an electron from an atom is close to zero within our experimental accuracy. Our study represents a straightforward approach toward attosecond time-resolved imaging of electron motion in atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Cao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009, Suzhou, China
| | - Jintai Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Keyu Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueming Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Becker W, Milošević DB. Elliptic dichroism in strong-field ionization of atoms subjected to tailored laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7014-7027. [PMID: 35257125 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The differential ionization rate for strong-field ionization by tailored laser fields of atomic systems averaged over the magnetic quantum number satisfies particular inversion and reflection symmetries. The symmetries of the elliptic-dichroism parameter, which is related to the change of sign of the ellipticity of the laser field, are considered in detail, with particular emphasis on high-order above-threshold ionization. The general results are illustrated by the examples of an elliptically polarized laser field and a bi-elliptical orthogonally polarized two-color (BEOTC) field. For the BEOTC field the differential ionization rate and the elliptic-dichroism parameter are investigated for the ω-2ω and ω-3ω field combinations and for various relative phases between the laser-field components. The inversion and reflection symmetries of the photoelectron momentum distribution in the polarization plane of the field depend on the parities of r and s in the rω--sω BEOTC field combination and on the relative phase between the field components. We suggest that, by analyzing the symmetry properties of the measured momentum distribution of the elliptic-dichroism parameter, one can identify the mechanism of strong-field ionization. If the rescattering mechanism is dominant one can use these distributions to obtain information about the atomic and molecular structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Becker
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dejan B Milošević
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,University of Sarajevo - Faculty of Science, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. .,Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Dowek D, Decleva P. Trends in angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24614-24654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, main trends of angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy in the laboratory up to the molecular frame, in different regimes of light-matter interactions, are highlighted with emphasis on foundations and most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dowek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- CNR IOM and Dipartimento DSCF, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Schirber M. How to Find the Electron Starting Block. PHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.14.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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