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Huang K, Xi C, Long X, Liu H, Fan YA, Wang X, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Nie X, Lu D. Experimental Realization of Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:210403. [PMID: 38856252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.210403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in quantum thermodynamics is the exploration of inherent dimensional constraints in thermodynamic machines. In the context of two-level systems, the most compact refrigerator necessitates the involvement of three entities, operating under self-contained conditions that preclude the use of external work sources. Here, we build such a smallest refrigerator using a nuclear spin system, where three distinct two-level carbon-13 nuclei in the same molecule are involved to facilitate the refrigeration process. The self-contained feature enables it to operate without relying on net external work, and the unique mechanism sets this refrigerator apart from its classical counterparts. We evaluate its performance under varying conditions and systematically scrutinize the cooling constraints across a spectrum of scenarios, which sheds light on the interplay between quantum information and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Huang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Xi
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyue Long
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Hongfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Ang Fan
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufang Feng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinfang Nie
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518045, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Boettcher V, Hartmann R, Beyer K, Strunz WT. Dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum heat engine-Computing bath observables from the hierarchy of pure states. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094108. [PMID: 38436445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a fully quantum dynamical treatment of a quantum heat engine and its baths based on the Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS), an exact and general method for open quantum system dynamics. We show how the change of the bath energy and the interaction energy can be determined within HOPS for arbitrary coupling strength and smooth time dependence of the modulation protocol. The dynamics of all energetic contributions during the operation can be carefully examined both in its initial transient phase and, also later, in its periodic steady state. A quantum Otto engine with a qubit as an inherently nonlinear work medium is studied in a regime where the energy associated with the interaction Hamiltonian plays an important role for the global energy balance and, thus, must not be neglected when calculating its power and efficiency. We confirm that the work required to drive the coupling with the baths sensitively depends on the speed of the modulation protocol. Remarkably, departing from the conventional scheme of well-separated phases by allowing for temporal overlap, we discover that one can even gain energy from the modulation of bath interactions. We visualize these various work contributions using the analog of state change diagrams of thermodynamic cycles. We offer a concise, full presentation of HOPS with its extension to bath observables, as it serves as a universal tool for the numerically exact description of general quantum dynamical (thermodynamic) scenarios far from the weak-coupling limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Boettcher
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Richard Hartmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Beyer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Walter T Strunz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Peña FJ, Myers NM, Órdenes D, Albarrán-Arriagada F, Vargas P. Enhanced Efficiency at Maximum Power in a Fock-Darwin Model Quantum Dot Engine. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:518. [PMID: 36981406 PMCID: PMC10047958 DOI: 10.3390/e25030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the performance of an endoreversible magnetic Otto cycle with a working substance composed of a single quantum dot described using the well-known Fock-Darwin model. We find that tuning the intensity of the parabolic trap (geometrical confinement) impacts the proposed cycle's performance, quantified by the power, work, efficiency, and parameter region where the cycle operates as an engine. We demonstrate that a parameter region exists where the efficiency at maximum output power exceeds the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency, the efficiency at maximum power achieved by a classical working substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Peña
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso 11520, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics (NNBP), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso 11520, Chile
| | - Nathan M. Myers
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel Órdenes
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso 11520, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics (NNBP), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso 11520, Chile
| | - Francisco Albarrán-Arriagada
- Departamento de Física, CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Víctor Jara 3493, Estación Central 9170124, Chile
| | - Patricio Vargas
- Departamento de Física, CEDENNA, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso 11520, Chile
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Chowrira B, Kandpal L, Lamblin M, Ngassam F, Kouakou CA, Zafar T, Mertz D, Vileno B, Kieber C, Versini G, Gobaut B, Joly L, Ferté T, Monteblanco E, Bahouka A, Bernard R, Mohapatra S, Prima Garcia H, Elidrissi S, Gavara M, Sternitzky E, Da Costa V, Hehn M, Montaigne F, Choueikani F, Ohresser P, Lacour D, Weber W, Boukari S, Alouani M, Bowen M. Quantum Advantage in a Molecular Spintronic Engine that Harvests Thermal Fluctuation Energy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206688. [PMID: 36177716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent theory and experiments have showcased how to harness quantum mechanics to assemble heat/information engines with efficiencies that surpass the classical Carnot limit. So far, this has required atomic engines that are driven by cumbersome external electromagnetic sources. Here, using molecular spintronics, an implementation that is both electronic and autonomous is proposed. The spintronic quantum engine heuristically deploys several known quantum assets by having a chain of spin qubits formed by the paramagnetic Co center of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules electronically interact with electron-spin-selecting Fe/C60 interfaces. Density functional calculations reveal that transport fluctuations across the interface can stabilize spin coherence on the Co paramagnetic centers, which host spin flip processes. Across vertical molecular nanodevices, enduring dc current generation, output power above room temperature, two quantum thermodynamical signatures of the engine's processes, and a record 89% spin polarization of current across the Fe/C60 interface are measured. It is crucially this electron spin selection that forces, through demonic feedback and control, charge current to flow against the built-in potential barrier. Further research into spintronic quantum engines, insight into the quantum information processes within spintronic technologies, and retooling the spintronic-based information technology chain, can help accelerate the transition to clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavishya Chowrira
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Lalit Kandpal
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Mathieu Lamblin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Franck Ngassam
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Charles-Ambroise Kouakou
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Talha Zafar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, Strasbourg, 67081, France
| | - Christophe Kieber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Gilles Versini
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Benoit Gobaut
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Loïc Joly
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Tom Ferté
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Elmer Monteblanco
- Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, Vandœuvre les Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Armel Bahouka
- IREPA LASER, Institut Carnot MICA, Parc d'innovation - Pole API, Illkirch, 67400, France
| | - Romain Bernard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Sambit Mohapatra
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Helena Prima Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático Jose Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Safaa Elidrissi
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático Jose Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Miguel Gavara
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático Jose Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Sternitzky
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Victor Da Costa
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Michel Hehn
- Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, Vandœuvre les Nancy, 54506, France
| | - François Montaigne
- Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, Vandœuvre les Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Fadi Choueikani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Daniel Lacour
- Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, Vandœuvre les Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Samy Boukari
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Mebarek Alouani
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Martin Bowen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Lœss, BP 43, Strasbourg, 67034, France
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