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Wei Y, Yue T, Li H, Duan P, Zhao H, Chen Q, Li S, Fang X, Liu J, Zhang L. Advancing elastomer performance with dynamic bond networks in polymer-grafted single-chain nanoparticles: a molecular dynamics exploration. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11187-11202. [PMID: 38771650 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This research introduces a method to enhance the mechanical properties of elastomers by grafting polymer chains onto single-chain flexible nanoparticles (SCNPs) and incorporating dynamic functional groups. Drawing on developments in grafting polymers onto hard nanoparticle fillers, this method employs the distinct flexibility of SCNPs to diminish heterogeneity and enhance core size control. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a mesoscale analysis of structural properties, particularly the effects of dynamic functional group quantities and their distribution. The findings demonstrate that increased quantities of functional groups are correlated with enhanced mechanical strength and toughness, showing improved stress-strain responses and energy dissipation capabilities. Moreover, the uniformity in the distribution of these functional groups is crucial, promoting a more cohesive and stable dynamic bonding network. The insights gained from MD simulations not only advance our understanding of the microstructural control necessary for optimizing macroscopic properties, but also provide valuable guidance for the design and engineering of advanced polymer nanocomposites, thereby enhancing the material performance through strategic molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongkui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Moussavi A, Pal S, Wu Z, Keten S. Characterizing the shear response of polymer-grafted nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134903. [PMID: 38573850 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Grafting polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticles overcomes the challenge of nanoparticle dispersion within nanocomposites and establishes high-volume fractions that are found to enable enhanced material mechanical properties. This study utilizes coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to quantify how the shear modulus of polymer-grafted nanoparticle (PGN) systems in their glassy state depends on parameters such as strain rate, nanoparticle size, grafting density, and chain length. The results are interpreted through further analysis of the dynamics of chain conformations and volume fraction arguments. The volume fraction of nanoparticles is found to be the most influential variable in deciding the shear modulus of PGN systems. A simple rule of mixture is utilized to express the monotonic dependence of shear modulus on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. Due to the reinforcing effect of nanoparticles, shortening the grafted chains results in a higher shear modulus in PGNs, which is not seen in linear systems. These results offer timely insight into calibrating molecular design parameters for achieving the desired mechanical properties in PGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Moussavi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Subhadeep Pal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller M, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Architecture Controls Phonon Propagation in All-Solid Brush Colloid Metamaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304157. [PMID: 37972268 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering and elastodynamic theory are concurrently used to determine and interpret the hypersonic phonon dispersion relations in brush particle solids as a function of the grafting density with perspectives in optomechanics, heat management, and materials metrology. In the limit of sparse grafting density, the phonon dispersion relations bear similarity to polymer-embedded colloidal assembly structures in which phonon dispersion can be rationalized on the basis of perfect boundary conditions, i.e., isotropic stiffness transitions across the particle interface. In contrast, for dense brush assemblies, more complex dispersion characteristics are observed that imply anisotropic stiffness transition across the particle/polymer interface. This provides direct experimental validation of phonon propagation changes associated with chain conformational transitions in dense particle brush materials. A scaling relation between interface tangential stiffness and crowding of polymer tethers is derived that provides a guideline for chemists to design brush particle materials with tailored phononic dispersion characteristics. The results emphasize the role of interfaces in composite materials systems. Given the fundamental relevance of phonon dispersion to material properties such as thermal transport or mechanical properties, it is also envisioned that the results will spur the development of novel functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, Le Havre, F-76600, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, Le Havre, F-76600, France
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
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Korakas N, Vurro D, Tsilipakos O, Vasileiadis T, Graczykowski B, Cucinotta A, Selleri S, Fytas G, Iannotta S, Pissadakis S. Photo-elasticity of silk fibroin harnessing whispering gallery modes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9750. [PMID: 37328482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an important biomaterial for photonic devices in wearable systems. The functionality of such devices is inherently influenced by the stimulation from elastic deformations, which are mutually coupled through photo-elasticity. Here, we investigate the photo-elasticity of silk fibroin employing optical whispering gallery mode resonation of light at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The fabricated amorphous (Silk I) and thermally-annealed semi-crystalline structure (Silk II) silk fibroin thin film cavities display typical Q-factors of about 1.6 × 104. Photo-elastic experiments are performed tracing the TE and TM shifts of the whispering gallery mode resonances upon application of an axial strain. The strain optical coefficient K' for Silk I fibroin is found to be 0.059 ± 0.004, with the corresponding value for Silk II being 0.129 ± 0.004. Remarkably, the elastic Young's modulus, measured by Brillouin light spectroscopy, is only about 4% higher in the Silk II phase. However, differences between the two structures are pronounced regarding the photo-elastic properties due to the onset of β-sheets that dominates the Silk II structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Korakas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Davide Vurro
- Camlin Italy Srl, Strada Budellungo 2, 43123, Parma, Italy
| | - Odysseas Tsilipakos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - George Fytas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Salvatore Iannotta
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), CNR, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stavros Pissadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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Hsu HP, Singh MK, Cang Y, Thérien-Aubin H, Mezger M, Berger R, Lieberwirth I, Fytas G, Kremer K. Free Standing Dry and Stable Nanoporous Polymer Films Made through Mechanical Deformation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207472. [PMID: 37096844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new straight forward approach to create nanoporous polymer membranes with well defined average pore diameters is presented. The method is based on fast mechanical deformation of highly entangled polymer films at high temperatures and a subsequent quench far below the glass transition temperature Tg . The process is first designed generally by simulation and then verified for the example of polystyrene films. The methodology does not need any chemical processing, supporting substrate, or self assembly process and is solely based on polymer inherent entanglement effects. Pore diameters are of the order of ten polymer reptation tube diameters. The resulting membranes are stable over months at ambient conditions and display remarkable elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ping Hsu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manjesh K Singh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Yu Cang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien, 1090, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Magnabosco G, Still T, Vogel N, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Origin of the Acoustic Bandgaps in Hypersonic Colloidal Phononics: The Role of the Elastic Impedance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6575-6584. [PMID: 35997523 PMCID: PMC9442645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
How phonons propagate in nanostructures determines the
flow of
elastic and thermal energy in dielectric materials. However, a reliable
theoretical prediction of the phonon dispersion relation requires
experimental verification both near to and far from the Brillouin
zone of the nanostructure. We report on the experimental hypersonic
phonon dispersion of hard (SiO2) and soft (polymer) fcc
colloidal crystals infiltrated in liquid polydimethylsiloxane with
different elastic impedance contrast using Brillouin light spectroscopy.
We discuss the distinct differences with first-principles full elastodynamic
calculations involving a multiple-scattering theory. Interparticle
contacts strongly impact the long-wavelength speed of sound and the
nature of the particle vibration resonance-induced hybridization hypersonic
bandgap. The absence of the order-induced Bragg bandgap in SiO2 and its presence in soft opals cannot be fully accounted
for by the theory, limiting its predictive power. Bridging the elasticity
of the two colloidal crystals with suitable SiO2 core–shell
(polymer) particles reveals an unprecedented crossover behavior in
the dispersion relation. In view of many conversational parameters,
the control tuning of phonon propagation in soft matter-based hypersonic
phononics remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Still
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, N. Plastira 100, /0013, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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