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Siebers F, Bebon R, Jayaram A, Speck T. Collective Hall current in chiral active fluids: Coupling of phase and mass transport through traveling bands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320256121. [PMID: 38941276 PMCID: PMC11228510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320256121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Active fluids composed of constituents that are constantly driven away from thermal equilibrium can support spontaneous currents and can be engineered to have unconventional transport properties. Here, we report the emergence of (meta)stable traveling bands in computer simulations of aligning circle swimmers. These bands are different from polar flocks and, through coupling phase with mass transport, induce a bulk particle current with a component perpendicular to the propagation direction, thus giving rise to a collective Hall (or Magnus) effect. Traveling bands require sufficiently small orbits and undergo a discontinuous transition into a synchronized state with transient polar clusters for large orbital radii. Within a minimal hydrodynamic theory, we show that the bands can be understood as nondispersive soliton solutions fully accounting for the numerically observed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Siebers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Bebon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ashreya Jayaram
- Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Adorjáni B, Libál A, Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Phase separation, edge currents, and Hall effect for active matter with Magnus dynamics. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2024; 47:40. [PMID: 38844720 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We examine run-and-tumble disks in two-dimensional systems where the particles also have a Magnus component to their dynamics. For increased activity, we find that the system forms a motility-induced phase-separated (MIPS) state with chiral edge flow around the clusters, where the direction of the current is correlated with the sign of the Magnus term. The stability of the MIPS state is non-monotonic as a function of increasing Magnus term amplitude, with the MIPS region first extending down to lower activities followed by a break up of MIPS at large Magnus amplitudes into a gel-like state. We examine the dynamics in the presence of quenched disorder and a uniform drive and find that the bulk flow exhibits a drive-dependent Hall angle. This is a result of the side jump effect produced by scattering from the pinning sites and is similar to the behavior found for skyrmions in chiral magnets with quenched disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adorjáni
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj, Romania
| | - A Libál
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj, Romania
| | - C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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3
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Batton CH, Rotskoff GM. Microscopic origin of tunable assembly forces in chiral active environments. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4111-4126. [PMID: 38726733 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Across a variety of spatial scales, from nanoscale biological systems to micron-scale colloidal systems, equilibrium self-assembly is entirely dictated by-and therefore limited by-the thermodynamic properties of the constituent materials. In contrast, nonequilibrium materials, such as self-propelled active matter, expand the possibilities for driving the assemblies that are inaccessible in equilibrium conditions. Recently, a number of works have suggested that active matter drives or accelerates self-organization, but the emergent interactions that arise between solutes immersed in actively driven environments are complex and poorly understood. Here, we analyze and resolve two crucial questions concerning actively driven self-assembly: (i) how, mechanistically, do active environments drive self-assembly of passive solutes? (ii) Under which conditions is this assembly robust? We employ the framework of odd hydrodynamics to theoretically explain numerical and experimental observations that chiral active matter, i.e., particles driven with a directional torque, produces robust and long-ranged assembly forces. Together, these developments constitute an important step towards a comprehensive theoretical framework for controlling self-assembly in nonequilibrium environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay H Batton
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Grant M Rotskoff
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Duclut C, Bo S, Lier R, Armas J, Surówka P, Jülicher F. Probe particles in odd active viscoelastic fluids: How activity and dissipation determine linear stability. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044126. [PMID: 38755925 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Odd viscoelastic materials are constrained by fewer symmetries than their even counterparts. The breaking of these symmetries allows these materials to exhibit different features, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Immersing a bead in such complex fluids allows for probing their physical properties, highlighting signatures of their oddity and exploring the consequences of these broken symmetries. We present the conditions under which the activity of an odd viscoelastic fluid can give rise to linear instabilities in the motion of the probe particle, and we unveil how the features of the probe particle dynamics depend on the oddity and activity of the viscoelastic medium in which it is immersed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Duclut
- Laboratoire Physique des Cellules et Cancer (PCC), CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefano Bo
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Lier
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena (DIEP), University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jay Armas
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena (DIEP), University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Surówka
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Chan CW, Wu D, Qiao K, Fong KL, Yang Z, Han Y, Zhang R. Chiral active particles are sensitive reporters to environmental geometry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1406. [PMID: 38365770 PMCID: PMC10873462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral active particles (CAPs) are self-propelling particles that break time-reversal symmetry by orbiting or spinning, leading to intriguing behaviors. Here, we examined the dynamics of CAPs moving in 2D lattices of disk obstacles through active Brownian dynamics simulations and granular experiments with grass seeds. We find that the effective diffusivity of the CAPs is sensitive to the structure of the obstacle lattice, a feature absent in achiral active particles. We further studied the transport of CAPs in obstacle arrays under an external field and found a reentrant directional locking effect, which can be used to sort CAPs with different activities. Finally, we demonstrated that parallelogram lattices of obstacles without mirror symmetry can separate clockwise and counter-clockwise CAPs. The mechanisms of the above three novel phenomena are qualitatively explained. As such, our work provides a basis for designing chirality-based tools for single-cell diagnosis and separation, and active particle-based environmental sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Wing Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Daihui Wu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kaiyao Qiao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kin Long Fong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
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Kalz E, Vuijk HD, Sommer JU, Metzler R, Sharma A. Oscillatory Force Autocorrelations in Equilibrium Odd-Diffusive Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:057102. [PMID: 38364150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.057102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The force autocorrelation function (FACF), a concept of fundamental interest in statistical mechanics, encodes the effect of interactions on the dynamics of a tagged particle. In equilibrium, the FACF is believed to decay monotonically in time, which is a signature of slowing down of the dynamics of the tagged particle due to interactions. Here, we analytically show that in odd-diffusive systems, which are characterized by a diffusion tensor with antisymmetric elements, the FACF can become negative and even exhibit temporal oscillations. We also demonstrate that, despite the isotropy, the knowledge of FACF alone is not sufficient to describe the dynamics: the full autocorrelation tensor is required and contains an antisymmetric part. These unusual properties translate into enhanced dynamics of the tagged particle quantified via the self-diffusion coefficient that, remarkably, increases due to particle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kalz
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hidde Derk Vuijk
- University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz-Institute for Polymer Research, Institute Theory of Polymers, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technical University of Dresden, Institute for Theoretical Physics, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technical University of Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzler
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Asia Pacific Centre for Theoretical Physics, KR-37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Polymer Research, Institute Theory of Polymers, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Ghimenti F, Berthier L, Szamel G, van Wijland F. Sampling Efficiency of Transverse Forces in Dense Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:257101. [PMID: 38181341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.257101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sampling the Boltzmann distribution using forces that violate detailed balance can be faster than with the equilibrium evolution, but the acceleration depends on the nature of the nonequilibrium drive and the physical situation. Here, we study the efficiency of forces transverse to energy gradients in dense liquids through a combination of techniques: Brownian dynamics simulations, exact infinite-dimensional calculation, and a mode-coupling approximation. We find that the sampling speedup varies nonmonotonically with temperature, and decreases as the system becomes more glassy. We characterize the interplay between the distance to equilibrium and the efficiency of transverse forces by means of odd transport coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ghimenti
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité et CNRS (UMR 7057), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier et CNRS (UMR 5221), 34095 Montpellier, France
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Szamel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Frédéric van Wijland
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité et CNRS (UMR 7057), 75013 Paris, France
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8
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Xu L, Liu J, Xu G, Huang J, Qiu CW. Giant, magnet-free, and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305755120. [PMID: 37364103 PMCID: PMC10319033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305755120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal chirality, generically referring to the handedness of heat flux, provides a significant possibility for modern heat control. It may be realized with the thermal Hall effect yet at the high cost of strong magnetic fields and extremely low temperatures. Here, we reveal magnet-free and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer in an active thermal lattice composed of a stationary solid matrix and rotating solid particles. Rotation breaks the Onsager reciprocity relation and generates giant thermal chirality about two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported at the optimal rotation velocity. We further achieve anisotropic thermal chirality by breaking the rotation invariance of the active lattice, bringing effective thermal conductivity to a region unreachable by the thermal Hall effect. These results could enlighten topological and non-Hermitian heat transfer and efficient heat utilization in ways distinct from phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Jiping Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
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9
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Graczyk KM, Strzelczyk D, Matyka M. Deep learning for diffusion in porous media. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9769. [PMID: 37328555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We adopt convolutional neural networks (CNN) to predict the basic properties of the porous media. Two different media types are considered: one mimics the sand packings, and the other mimics the systems derived from the extracellular space of biological tissues. The Lattice Boltzmann Method is used to obtain the labeled data necessary for performing supervised learning. We distinguish two tasks. In the first, networks based on the analysis of the system's geometry predict porosity and effective diffusion coefficient. In the second, networks reconstruct the concentration map. In the first task, we propose two types of CNN models: the C-Net and the encoder part of the U-Net. Both networks are modified by adding a self-normalization module [Graczyk et al. in Sci Rep 12, 10583 (2022)]. The models predict with reasonable accuracy but only within the data type, they are trained on. For instance, the model trained on sand packings-like samples overshoots or undershoots for biological-like samples. In the second task, we propose the usage of the U-Net architecture. It accurately reconstructs the concentration fields. In contrast to the first task, the network trained on one data type works well for the other. For instance, the model trained on sand packings-like samples works perfectly on biological-like samples. Eventually, for both types of the data, we fit exponents in the Archie's law to find tortuosity that is used to describe the dependence of the effective diffusion on porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Graczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dawid Strzelczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Matyka
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204, Wrocław, Poland
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Abdoli I, Löwen H, Sommer JU, Sharma A. Tailoring the escape rate of a Brownian particle by combining a vortex flow with a magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:101101. [PMID: 36922145 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The probability per unit time for a thermally activated Brownian particle to escape over a potential well is, in general, well-described by Kramers's theory. Kramers showed that the escape time decreases exponentially with increasing barrier height. The dynamics slow down when the particle is charged and subjected to a Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. This is evident via a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient entering as a prefactor in the Kramers's escape rate without any impact on the barrier-height-dependent exponent. Here, we show that the barrier height can be effectively changed when the charged particle is subjected to a vortex flow. While the vortex alone does not affect the mean escape time of the particle, when combined with a magnetic field, it effectively pushes the fluctuating particle either radially outside or inside depending on its sign relative to that of the magnetic field. In particular, the effective potential over which the particle escapes can be changed to a flat, a stable, and an unstable potential by tuning the signs and magnitudes of the vortex and the applied magnetic field. Notably, the last case corresponds to enhanced escape dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abdoli
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theorie der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - J-U Sommer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theorie der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Sharma
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theorie der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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