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Yue L, Liu C, Han S, Hong H, Wang Y, Liu Q, Qi J, Li Y, Wu D, Liu K, Wang E, Dong T, Wang N. Giant nonlinear optical wave mixing in a van der Waals correlated insulator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6216. [PMID: 39093978 PMCID: PMC11296339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Optical nonlinearities are one of the most fascinating properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. While tremendous efforts have been made to find and optimize the second-order optical nonlinearity in enormous 2D materials, opportunities to explore higher-order ones are elusive because of the much lower efficiency. Here, we report the giant high odd-order optical nonlinearities in centrosymmetric correlated van der Waals insulator manganese phosphorus triselenide. When illuminated by two near-infrared femtosecond lasers, the sample generates a series of profound four- and six-wave mixing outputs. The near-infrared third-order nonlinear susceptibility reaches near the highest record values of 2D materials. Comparative measurements to other prototypical nonlinear optical materials [lithium niobate, gallium(II) selenide, and tungsten disulfide] reveal its extraordinary wave mixing efficiency. The wave mixing processes are further used for nonlinear optical waveguide with multicolor emission. Our work highlights the promising prospect for future research of the nonlinear light-matter interactions in the correlated 2D system and for potential nonlinear photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Collaborative Innovation Center ofChemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiaomei Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Enge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nanlin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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Chang Lee V, Yue L, Gaarde MB, Chan YH, Qiu DY. Many-body enhancement of high-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6228. [PMID: 39043647 PMCID: PMC11266681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many-body effects play an important role in enhancing and modifying optical absorption and other excited-state properties of solids in the perturbative regime, but their role in high harmonic generation (HHG) and other nonlinear response beyond the perturbative regime is not well-understood. We develop here an ab initio many-body method to study nonperturbative HHG based on the real-time propagation of the non-equilibrium Green's function with the GW self energy. We calculate the HHG of monolayer MoS2 and obtain good agreement with experiment, including the reproduction of characteristic patterns of monotonic and nonmonotonic harmonic yield in the parallel and perpendicular responses, respectively. Here, we show that many-body effects are especially important to accurately reproduce the spectral features in the perpendicular response, which reflect a complex interplay of electron-hole interactions (or exciton effects) in tandem with the many-body renormalization and Berry curvature of the independent quasiparticle bandstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Physics Division, National Center of Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Kohrell F, Nebgen BR, Spies JA, Hollinger R, Zong A, Uzundal C, Spielmann C, Zuerch M. A solid-state high harmonic generation spectrometer with cryogenic cooling. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:023906. [PMID: 38416040 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state high harmonic generation (sHHG) spectroscopy is a promising technique for studying electronic structure, symmetry, and dynamics in condensed matter systems. Here, we report on the implementation of an advanced sHHG spectrometer based on a vacuum chamber and closed-cycle helium cryostat. Using an in situ temperature probe, it is demonstrated that the sample interaction region retains cryogenic temperature during the application of high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses that generate high harmonics. The presented implementation opens the door for temperature-dependent sHHG measurements down to a few Kelvin, which makes sHHG spectroscopy a new tool for studying phases of matter that emerge at low temperatures, which is particularly interesting for highly correlated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Kohrell
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bailey R Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacob A Spies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Richard Hollinger
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Can Uzundal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christian Spielmann
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Zheng W, Jiang Y, Wang S, Liu C, Bai Y, Liu P, Li R. Frequency shift of even-order high harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27029-27040. [PMID: 37710550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Sub-optical-cycle electron dynamics in materials driven by intense laser fields can be investigated by high harmonic generation. We observed frequency shift of high harmonic spectrum near the band gap of monolayer MoS2 experimentally. Through semi-classical quantum trajectory analysis, we demonstrated that the phase of transition dipole moment varies according to the recombination timing and momentum of tunneled electrons. It results in either blue- or red-shift of harmonic frequencies, determined by the modulated energy gap by transition dipole phases (TDPs) and Berry connections. Our finding reveals the effect of TDPs on high harmonic frequency in non-central symmetric materials.
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Yue L, Gaarde MB. Characterizing Anomalous High-Harmonic Generation in Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166903. [PMID: 37154628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous high-harmonic generation (HHG) arises in certain solids when irradiated by an intense laser field, originating from a Berry-curvature-induced perpendicular anomalous current. The observation of pure anomalous harmonics is, however, often prohibited by contamination from harmonics stemming from interband coherences. Here, we fully characterize the anomalous HHG mechanism, via development of an ab initio methodology for strong-field laser-solid interaction that allows a rigorous decomposition of the total current. We identify two unique properties of the anomalous harmonic yields: an overall yield increase with laser wavelength; and pronounced minima at certain laser wavelengths and laser intensities around which the spectral phases drastically change. Such signatures can be exploited to disentangle the anomalous harmonics from competing HHG mechanisms, and thus pave the way for the experimental identification and time-domain control of pure anomalous harmonics, as well as reconstruction of Berry curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
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