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Orlandi GL. Absolute and non-invasive determination of the electron bunch length in a free electron laser using a bunch compressor monitor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6319. [PMID: 38491040 PMCID: PMC10943132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In a linac driven Free Electron Laser (FEL), the shot-to-shot and non-invasive monitoring of the electron bunch length is normally ensured by Bunch Compressor Monitors (BCMs). The bunch-length dependent signal of a BCM results from the detection and integration-over a given frequency band-of the temporal coherent enhancement of the radiation spectral energy emitted by the electron beam while experiencing a longitudinal compression. In this work, we present a method that permits to express the relative variation of the bunch length as a function of the relative statistical fluctuations of the BCM and charge signals. Furthermore, in the case of a BCM equipped with two detectors simultaneously operating in two distinct wavelength bands, the method permits an absolute determination of the electron bunch length. The proposed method is beneficial to a FEL. Thanks to it, the machine compression feedback can be tuned against the absolute measurement of the bunch length rather than a bunch-length dependent signal. In a CW-superconducting-linac driven FEL, it can offer the precious opportunity to implement a fully non-invasive and absolute diagnostics of the bunch length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Orlandi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland.
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2
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Grigoryan L, Mkrtchyan A, Dabagov S, Saharian A, Kocharyan V, Kotanjyan V, Harutyunyan H, Khachatryan H. Coherent radiation from a chain of charged particles on a circular orbit around a dielectric ball. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Lv QZ, Raicher E, Keitel CH, Hatsagortsyan KZ. High-Brilliance Ultranarrow-Band X Rays via Electron Radiation in Colliding Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:024801. [PMID: 35089763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.024801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A setup of a unique x-ray source is put forward employing a relativistic electron beam interacting with two counterpropagating laser pulses in the nonlinear few-photon regime. In contrast to Compton scattering sources, the envisaged x-ray source exhibits an extremely narrow relative bandwidth of the order of 10^{-4}, comparable with an x-ray free-electron laser. The brilliance of the x rays can be an order of magnitude higher than that of a state-of-the-art Compton source. By tuning the laser intensities and the electron energy, one can realize either a single peak or a comblike x-ray source of around keV energy. The laser intensity and the electron energy in the suggested setup are rather moderate, rendering this scheme compact and tabletop size, as opposed to x-ray free-electron laser and synchrotron infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Z Lv
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Raicher
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, 81800 Yavne, Israel
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Z Hatsagortsyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Peak Shift of Coherent Edge Radiation Spectrum Depending on Radio Frequency Field Phase of Accelerator. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spectra of coherent edge radiation (CER) were observed at the S-band linac facility of Kyoto University Free Electron Laser. A local maximum was observed in the CER spectrum on-crest operation of the radio frequency (RF) field. As the phase of the RF field was shifted from the crest, the frequency of the maximum decreased, and the CER spectrum approached a spectrum of Gaussian-distributed electrons in a bunch. It was found that this strange spectrum can be explained by a model in which a satellite pulse exists around a main pulse in the electron bunch. Furthermore, it demonstrated that CER is an effective tool for monitoring the shape of the electron bunch.
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5
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Brunetti E, van der Geer B, de Loos M, Dewhurst KA, Kornaszewski A, Maitrallain A, Muratori BD, Owen HL, Wiggins SM, Jaroszynski DA. Vacuum ultraviolet coherent undulator radiation from attosecond electron bunches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14595. [PMID: 34272418 PMCID: PMC8285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond duration relativistic electron bunches travelling through an undulator can generate brilliant coherent radiation in the visible to vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. We present comprehensive numerical simulations to study the properties of coherent emission for a wide range of electron energies and bunch durations, including space-charge effects. These demonstrate that electron bunches with r.m.s. duration of 50 as, nominal charge of 0.1 pC and energy range of 100-250 MeV produce [Formula: see text] coherent photons per pulse in the 100-600 nm wavelength range. We show that this can be enhanced substantially by self-compressing negatively chirped 100 pC bunches in the undulator to produce [Formula: see text] coherent photons with pulse duration of 0.5-3 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Brunetti
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. .,Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, UK.
| | | | | | - Kay A Dewhurst
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, UK.,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Bruno D Muratori
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, UK.,STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
| | - Hywel L Owen
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, UK.,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
| | - S Mark Wiggins
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Observation of terahertz coherent edge radiation amplified by infrared free-electron laser oscillations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3433. [PMID: 33564006 PMCID: PMC7873250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A coupling device, which can extract coherent edge radiation (CER) from an optical cavity for a free-electron laser (FEL) without damaging the FEL due to diffraction loss, was developed at Nihon University. We successfully observed the CER beam with a power of 1 mW or more in the terahertz range during FEL oscillation. It is revealed that the CER power changed with the detuning of the optical cavity and the dependence of the CER power on the detuning length differs from that of the FEL power. The measured CER spectra indicate that the longitudinal electron distribution in a bunch is modulated by the FEL oscillation with a period corresponding to the FEL slippage length. We herein report the characteristics of the CER with FEL oscillation in detail. These results demonstrate that the CER is excellent tool to reveal the overall effect of FEL interaction on electron distribution in a bunch.
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7
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Evaluation of Bunch Length by Measuring Coherent Synchrotron Radiation with a Narrow-Band Detector at LEBRA. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel technology to measure electron bunch length with a high time resolution by measuring coherent synchrotron radiation using a narrow-band detector at Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA)—an S-band linear accelerator facility for free-electron lasers. The form factor was observed to decrease exponentially with charge—in concordance with the relationship between the intensity of the coherent synchrotron radiation and the magnitude of electron bunch charge—in the region in which the effect of electron bunch charge on bunch length is negligible. The calculated root-mean-square bunch length was observed to agree well with the value determined from the spectral shape obtained. The aforementioned results are expected to be useful in real-time observation of small changes in electron bunches in advanced accelerators.
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8
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First demonstration of coherent resonant backward diffraction radiation for a quasi-monochromatic terahertz-light source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7526. [PMID: 32371899 PMCID: PMC7200690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed coherent resonant backward diffraction radiation (CRBDR), which generates wavelength-tunable quasi-monochromatic lights using a compact diffractor assembly in an accelerator facility of high-energy electron beams, as a unique intense terahertz (THz) light source. Superimposing the coherent backward diffracted radiation emitted by periodically arranged hollow diffractors, it is possible to amplify the frequency components satisfying a resonant condition, and make the radiation monochromatic. We demonstrated the CRBDR using the L-band linac at the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science at Kyoto University. It was observed that the coherent backward diffraction radiation was amplified more than three times at a frequency which was the fundamental resonant frequency in the CRBDR theory. Moreover, the number of diffractors at the saturation of the radiation power was consistent with the number estimated from the electron distribution in a bunch. The experimental results show that the CRBDR is useful as a quasi-monochromatic light source in the THz band.
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9
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Tanaka T. Difference frequency generation in free electron lasers. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4485-4488. [PMID: 30211896 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple scheme for difference frequency generation in free electron lasers (FELs), in which the electron beam interacts with a dual-frequency laser and emits intense coherent radiation at the difference frequency. We analytically show that the microbunch formation in the electron beam, which is the most important process in FELs, is dominated by nonlinear wave mixing in the proposed scheme. Numerical examples of applying the proposed scheme to generating terahertz radiation are presented as one of the most important applications.
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10
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First demonstration of coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to circular plane wave. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17440. [PMID: 29234106 PMCID: PMC5727164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to a circular plane wave (CCR-MCP) for the first time using a hollow conical dielectric made of a high-density polyethylene. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the dielectric were evaluated to be 1.537 ± 0.004 and 0.006 ± 0.028 by measuring the pulse formed by the interference between the CCR-MCP and the coherent diffraction radiation. These values were consistent with the values shown in a reference for the high-density polyethylene. In accordance with the theory of the Cherenkov radiation, the spectrum of the CCR-MCP shifted towards higher wavenumbers compared to that of the coherent diffraction radiation. The intensity of the CCR-MCP beam was proportional to the height of the hollow conical dielectric and was 3 times the intensity of the coherent diffraction radiation. The CCR-MCP technique can produce broadband terahertz-wave sources with unprecedented power at compact accelerator facilities.
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11
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Somma C, Folpini G, Gupta J, Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Ultra-broadband terahertz pulses generated in the organic crystal DSTMS. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3404-3407. [PMID: 26176480 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electric-field transients covering the extremely wide frequency range from 0.5 to 26 THz are generated in the organic nonlinear crystal 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methylstilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate (DSTMS). Parametric difference frequency mixing within the spectrum of 25-fs amplified pulses centered at 800 nm provides a highly stable broadband output with an electric-field amplitude of up to several hundred kilovolts/cm. The high stability of the terahertz pulse parameters allows for sensitive phase-resolved broadband spectroscopy of optically thick crystalline samples.
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12
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Derricotte WD, Evangelista FA. Simulation of X-ray absorption spectra with orthogonality constrained density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14360-74. [PMID: 25690350 PMCID: PMC4449318 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Orthogonality constrained density functional theory (OCDFT) [F. A. Evangelista, P. Shushkov and J. C. Tully, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2013, 117, 7378] is a variational time-independent approach for the computation of electronic excited states. In this work we extend OCDFT to compute core-excited states and generalize the original formalism to determine multiple excited states. Benchmark computations on a set of 13 small molecules and 40 excited states show that unshifted OCDFT/B3LYP excitation energies have a mean absolute error of 1.0 eV. Contrary to time-dependent DFT, OCDFT excitation energies for first- and second-row elements are computed with near-uniform accuracy. OCDFT core excitation energies are insensitive to the choice of the functional and the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange. We show that OCDFT is a powerful tool for the assignment of X-ray absorption spectra of large molecules by simulating the gas-phase near-edge spectrum of adenine and thymine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace D Derricotte
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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13
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14
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Wu Z, Fisher AS, Goodfellow J, Fuchs M, Daranciang D, Hogan M, Loos H, Lindenberg A. Intense terahertz pulses from SLAC electron beams using coherent transition radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:022701. [PMID: 23464183 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SLAC has two electron accelerators, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET), providing high-charge, high-peak-current, femtosecond electron bunches. These characteristics are ideal for generating intense broadband terahertz (THz) pulses via coherent transition radiation. For LCLS and FACET respectively, the THz pulse duration is typically 20 and 80 fs RMS and can be tuned via the electron bunch duration; emission spectra span 3-30 THz and 0.5 THz-5 THz; and the energy in a quasi-half-cycle THz pulse is 0.2 and 0.6 mJ. The peak electric field at a THz focus has reached 4.4 GV/m (0.44 V/Å) at LCLS. This paper presents measurements of the terahertz pulses and preliminary observations of nonlinear materials response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wu
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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15
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Biological applications of synchrotron radiation infrared spectromicroscopy. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1390-404. [PMID: 22401782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extremely brilliant infrared (IR) beams provided by synchrotron radiation sources are now routinely used in many facilities with available commercial spectrometers coupled to IR microscopes. Using these intense non-thermal sources, a brilliance two or three order of magnitude higher than a conventional source is achievable through small pinholes (<10 μm) with a high signal to-noise ratio. IR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate biological systems and offers many new imaging opportunities. The field of infrared biological imaging covers a wide range of fundamental issues and applied researches such as cell imaging or tissue imaging. Molecular maps with a spatial resolution down to the diffraction limit may be now obtained with a synchrotron radiation IR source also on thick samples. Moreover, changes of the protein structure are detectable in an IR spectrum and cellular molecular markers can be identified and used to recognize a pathological status of a tissue. Molecular structure and functions are strongly correlated and this aspect is particularly relevant for imaging. We will show that the brilliance of synchrotron radiation IR sources may enhance the sensitivity of a molecular signal obtained from small biosamples, e.g., a single cell, containing extremely small amounts of organic matter. We will also show that SR IR sources allow to study chemical composition and to identify the distribution of organic molecules in cells at submicron resolution is possible with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the recent availability of two-dimensional IR detectors promises to push forward imaging capabilities in the time domain. Indeed, with a high current synchrotron radiation facility and a Focal Plane Array the chemical imaging of individual cells can be obtained in a few minutes. Within this framework important results are expected in the next years using synchrotron radiation and Free Electron Laser (FEL) sources for spectro-microscopy and spectral-imaging, alone or in combination with Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy methods to study the molecular composition and dynamic changes in samples of biomedical interest at micrometric and submicrometric scales, respectively.
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16
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Marcelli A, Cinque G. Infrared Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines: High Brilliance Tools for IR Spectromicroscopy. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849731997-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Marcelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati Italy
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Chilton Didcot Oxon OX11 ODE UK
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17
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Agladze NI, Klopf JM, Williams GP, Sievers AJ. Terahertz spectroscopy with a holographic Fourier transform spectrometer plus array detector using coherent synchrotron radiation. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:3239-3244. [PMID: 20539339 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.003239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By use of coherent terahertz synchrotron radiation, we experimentally tested a holographic Fourier transform spectrometer coupled to an array detector to determine its viability as a spectral device. Somewhat surprisingly, the overall performance strongly depends on the absorptivity of the birefringent lithium tantalate pixels in the array detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay I Agladze
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA
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18
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Shimada M, Katoh M, Adachi M, Tanikawa T, Kimura S, Hosaka M, Yamamoto N, Takashima Y, Takahashi T. Transverse-longitudinal coupling effect in laser bunch slicing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:144802. [PMID: 19905574 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.144802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report turn-by-turn observation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) produced by the laser bunch slicing technique at an electron storage ring operated with a small momentum compaction factor. CSR emission was intermittent, and its interval depended strongly on the betatron tune. This peculiar behavior of the CSR could be interpreted as a result of coupling between the transverse and longitudinal motion of the electrons. This is the first observation of such an effect, which would be important not only for controlling the CSR emission but also for generating and transporting ultrashort electron bunches or electron bunches with microdensity structures in advanced accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimada
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan.
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19
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Coherent radiation from high-current electron beams of linear accelerators and its applications. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Cao LH, Yu W, Xu H, Zheng CY, Liu ZJ, Li B, Bogaerts A. Terahertz radiation from oscillating electrons in laser-induced wake fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:046408. [PMID: 15600531 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.046408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strong terahertz (1 THz= 10(12) Hz) radiation can be generated by the electron oscillation in fs-laser-induced wake fields. The interaction of a fs-laser pulse with a low-density plasma layer is studied in detail using numerical simulations. The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of terahertz electron current developed in a low-density plasma layer are presented, which enables us to calculate the intensity distribution of THz radiation. It is shown that laser and plasma parameters, such as laser intensity, pulse width, and background plasma density, are of key importance to the process. The optimum condition for wake-field excitation and terahertz emission is discussed upon the simulation results. Radiation peaked at 6.4 THz, with 900 fs duration and 9% bandwidth, can be generated in a plasma of density 5x 10(17) cm(-3) . It turns out that the maximum radiation intensity scales as n(3)(0) a(4)(0) when wake field is resonantly excited, where n(0) and a(0) are, respectively, the plasma density and the normalized field amplitude of the laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Cao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
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21
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Williams GP. High-power terahertz synchrotron sources. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:403-13; discussion 413-4. [PMID: 15306529 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic waves, or light, are produced by accelerating electrons according to the formula assigned the name of Sir Joseph Larmor, who was secretary of The Royal Society from 1901 to 1912. For relativistic electrons the emission is enhanced by the fourth power of the increase in mass. Thus for 10 MeV electrons, for which the mass increases by a factor of 21, the enhancement is a factor of 200000. We have generated high-power broadband THz light using relativistic electrons and demonstrated that ca. 100 W can readily be produced in a band from 0.1 to 3 THz with possible extensions to 6 THz. The experiments use a new generation of light source in which bunches of electrons circulate once, but in which their energy is recovered. In such a machine the electron bunches can be very much shorter than those, say, in storage rings or synchrotrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Williams
- Free Electron Laser Facility, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
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22
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Leemans WP, Geddes CGR, Faure J, Tóth C, van Tilborg J, Schroeder CB, Esarey E, Fubiani G, Auerbach D, Marcelis B, Carnahan MA, Kaindl RA, Byrd J, Martin MC. Observation of terahertz emission from a laser-plasma accelerated electron bunch crossing a plasma-vacuum boundary. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:074802. [PMID: 12935022 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.074802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coherent radiation in the 0.3-3 THz range has been generated from femtosecond electron bunches at a plasma-vacuum boundary via transition radiation. The bunches produced by a laser-plasma accelerator contained 1.5 nC of charge. The THz energy per pulse within a limited 30 mrad collection angle was 3-5 nJ and scaled quadratically with bunch charge, consistent with coherent emission. Modeling indicates that this broadband source produces about 0.3 microJ per pulse within a 100 mrad angle, and that increasing the transverse plasma size and electron beam energy could provide more than 100 microJ/pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. Very High Power THz Radiation Sources. J Biol Phys 2003; 29:319-25. [PMID: 23345851 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024481818029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the production of high power (20watts average, ∼ 1 Megawatt peak) broadbandTHz light based on coherent emission fromrelativistic electrons. Such sources areideal for imaging, for high power damagestudies and for studies of non-linearphenomena in this spectral range. Wedescribe the source, presenting theoreticalcalculations and their experimentalverification. For clarity we compare thissource with one based on ultrafast lasertechniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA
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24
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Abo-Bakr M, Feikes J, Holldack K, Kuske P, Peatman WB, Schade U, Wüstefeld G, Hübers HW. Brilliant, coherent far-infrared (THz) synchrotron radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:094801. [PMID: 12689227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new technology for generating steady state, brilliant, broadband, coherent, far-infrared (FIR) radiation in electron storage rings is presented, suitable for FIR spectroscopy. An FIR power increase of up to 100 000 compared to the normal, incoherent synchrotron radiation in the range of approximately 5 to approximately 40 cm(-1) could be achieved. The source is up to 1000 times more brillant compared to a standard Hg arc lamp. The coherent synchrotron radiation is produced in a "low alpha" optics mode of the synchrotron light source BESSY, by bunch shortening and non-Gaussian bunch deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abo-Bakr
- BESSY mbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Venturini M, Warnock R. Bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation in electron storage rings: a dynamical model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:224802. [PMID: 12485073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.224802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2002] [Revised: 10/14/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of coherent synchrotron radiation has been reported recently at the electron storage rings of several light source facilities. The main features of the observations are (i) a radiation wavelength short compared to the nominal bunch length, and (ii) a coherent signal showing recurrent bursts of duration much shorter than the radiation damping time, but with spacing equal to a substantial fraction of the damping time. We present a model of beam longitudinal dynamics that reproduces these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Venturini
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, California 94309, USA.
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26
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons. Nature 2002; 420:153-6. [PMID: 12432385 DOI: 10.1038/nature01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes. Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources and by short electron bunches in accelerators, but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors; the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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27
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Abo-Bakr M, Feikes J, Holldack K, Wüstefeld G, Hübers HW. Steady-state far-infrared coherent synchrotron radiation detected at BESSY II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:254801. [PMID: 12097089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Revised: 04/08/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
At BESSY II it is demonstrated that far-infrared coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) can be generated by a controlled, steady-state process at storage rings. As an indication for coherent emission, the radiated power grows with the square of the beam current. The spectrum was analyzed by an interferometer in the 1-mm to 0.3-mm wavelength range. The CSR was enhanced more than 3000 times above background; the incoherent radiation remained below the background level. Steady-state and bursting CSR were discriminated by time resolved analysis from micro seconds to seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abo-Bakr
- BESSY mbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Gorham PW, Saltzberg DP, Schoessow P, Gai W, Power JG, Konecny R, Conde ME. Radio-frequency measurements of coherent transition and cherenkov radiation: implications for high-energy neutrino detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:8590-8605. [PMID: 11138159 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of (11-18)-cm wavelength radio emission from interactions of 15.2 MeV pulsed electron bunches at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. The electrons were observed both in a configuration where they produced primarily transition radiation from an aluminum foil, and in a configuration designed for the electrons to produce Cherenkov radiation in a silica sand target. Our aim was to emulate the large electron excess expected to develop during an electromagnetic cascade initiated by an ultrahigh-energy particle. Such charge asymmetries are predicted to produce strong coherent radio pulses, which are the basis for several experiments to detect high-energy neutrinos from the showers they induce in Antarctic ice and in the lunar regolith. We detected coherent emission which we attribute both to transition and possibly Cherenkov radiation at different levels depending on the experimental conditions. We discuss implications for experiments relying on radio emission for detection of electromagnetic cascades produced by ultrahigh-energy neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- PW Gorham
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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29
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Takahashi T, Shibata Y, Ishi K, Ikezawa M, Oyamada M, Kondo Y. Observation of coherent cerenkov radiation from a solid dielectric with short bunches of electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:8606-8611. [PMID: 11138160 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Short bunches of 150-MeV electrons of a linear accelerator passed along the surface of a crystal quartz or a teflon and coherent Cerenkov radiation from the solid dielectrics has been observed in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 4 mm. Properties of the radiation have been experimentally investigated. The angular distribution of the observed radiation showed a maximum peak in the direction of the Cerenkov angle with several satellite peaks. The intensity increased linearly with increasing the length of the medium and was proportional to the square of the number of electrons in the bunch. The spectral intensity was enhanced by almost five orders of magnitude in comparison with the theoretical calculation of incoherent radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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30
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Braun H, Chautard F, Corsini R, Raubenheimer TO, Tenenbaum P. Emittance growth during bunch compression in the CTF-II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:658-661. [PMID: 11017340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/1998] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the beam emittance during bunch compression in the CLIC Test Facility (CTF-II) are described. The measurements were made with different beam charges and different energy correlations versus the bunch compressor settings which were varied from no compression through the point of full compression and to overcompression. Significant increases in the beam emittance were observed with the maximum emittance occurring near the point of full (maximal) compression. Finally, evaluation of possible emittance dilution mechanisms indicates that coherent synchrotron radiation was the most likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Braun
- PS Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Potylitsyn AP. Thomson scattering of coherent diffraction radiation by an electron bunch. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:2272-9. [PMID: 11970022 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/1998] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper considers the process of Thomson scattering of coherent diffraction radiation (CDR) produced by the preceding electron bunch in the accelerator onto one of the subsequent bunches. It is shown that the yield of scattered hard photons is proportional to N(3)(e), where N(e) is the number of electrons per bunch. A geometry is chosen for the CDR generation and an expression is obtained for the scattered-photon spectrum, with regard to the geometry used, that depends explicitly on the bunch size. A technique is proposed for measuring the bunch length using scattered radiation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Potylitsyn
- Tomsk Polytechic University, prospekt Lenina 2A, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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32
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Primack H, Blümel R. Synchrotron radiation of crystallized beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:957-67. [PMID: 11969841 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1998] [Revised: 01/19/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the modifications of synchrotron radiation of charges in a storage ring as they are cooled. The pair correlation lengths between the charges are manifest in the synchrotron radiation and coherence effects exist for wavelengths longer than the coherence lengths between the charges. Therefore, the synchrotron radiation can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the state (gas, liquid, crystal) of the charged plasma in the storage ring. We show also that the total power of the synchrotron radiation is significantly reduced for crystallized beams, both coasting and bunched. This opens the possibility of accelerating particles to ultrarelativistic energies using small-sized cyclic accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Primack
- Fakultät für Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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33
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Nanba T. High-pressure solid-state spectroscopy at UVSOR by Infrared Synchrotron Radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03185538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Yamada H. Current status and biological research ramifications of photon storage ring as a noble infrared laser source. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(97)90028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Lihn H, Kung P, Settakorn C, Wiedemann H, Bocek D, Hernandez M. Observation of stimulated transition radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4163-4166. [PMID: 10061217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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36
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Kimel I, Elias LR. Coherent Radiation Reaction in Free-Electron Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:4210-4213. [PMID: 10059847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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37
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Shibata Y, Hasebe S, Ishi K, Takahashi T, Ohsaka T, Ikezawa M, Nakazato T, Oyamada M, Urasawa S, Yamakawa T, Kondo Y. Observation of coherent diffraction radiation from bunched electrons passing through a circular aperture in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength regions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:6787-6794. [PMID: 9964193 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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38
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Lai R, Sievers AJ. Phase problem associated with the determination of the longitudinal shape of a charged particle bunch from its coherent far-ir spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:4576-4579. [PMID: 9963942 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Lai R, Happek U, Sievers AJ. Measurement of the longitudinal asymmetry of a charged particle bunch from the coherent synchrotron or transition radiation spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:R4294-R4297. [PMID: 9962613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.r4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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40
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Takahashi T, Kanai T, Shibata Y, Ishi K, Ikezawa M, Nakazato T, Oyamada M, Urasawa S, Yamakawa T, Takami K, Matsuyama T, Kobayashi K, Fujita Y. C-caronerenkov radiation from a finite trajectory of electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:4041-4050. [PMID: 9962461 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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41
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Lai R, Sievers AJ. Determination of a charged-particle-bunch shape from the coherent far infrared spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:R3342-R3344. [PMID: 9962506 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.r3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Shibata Y, Takahashi T, Kanai T, Ishi K, Ikezawa M, Ohkuma J, Okuda S, Okada T. Diagnostics of an electron beam of a linear accelerator using coherent transition radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:1479-1484. [PMID: 9962116 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Shibata Y, Ishi K, Takahashi T, Kanai T, Arai F, Kimura S, Ohsaka T, Ikezawa M, Kondo Y, Kato R, Urasawa S, Nakazato T, Niwano S, Yoshioka M, Oyamada M. Coherent transition radiation in the far-infrared region. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 49:785-793. [PMID: 9961271 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Takahashi T, Shibata Y, Arai F, Ishi K, Ohsaka T, Ikezawa M, Kondo Y, Nakazato T, Urasawa S, Kato R, Niwano S, Oyamada M. Coherent transition radiation at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1993; 48:4674-4677. [PMID: 9961151 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Jeong YU, Nam CH, Lee SS, Kawamura Y, Toyoda K. Generation of coherent undulator radiation using a relativistic photoelectron beam with picosecond micropulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1993; 47:1313-1320. [PMID: 9960135 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.47.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Shibata Y, Ishi K, Takahashi T, Kanai T, Ikezawa M, Takami K, Matsuyama T, Kobayashi K, Fujita Y. Observation of coherent transition radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:R8340-R8343. [PMID: 9907017 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.r8340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Jeong YU, Kawamura Y, Toyoda K, Nam CH, Lee SS. Observation of coherent effect in undulator radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1140-1143. [PMID: 10046090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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48
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Happek U, Sievers AJ, Blum EB. Observation of coherent transition radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:2962-2965. [PMID: 10044603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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49
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Shibata Y, Takahashi T, Ishi K, Arai F, Mishiro H, Ohsaka T, Ikezawa M, Kondo Y, Urasawa S, Nakazato T, Kato R, Niwano S, Oyamada M. Observation of interference between coherent synchrotron radiation from periodic bunches. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:R3445-R3448. [PMID: 9906436 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.r3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Shibata Y, Ishi K, Takahashi T, Arai F, Ikezawa M, Takami K, Matsuyama T, Kobayashi K, Fujita Y. Observation of coherent synchrotron, C-caronerenkov, and wake-field radiation at millimeter wavelengths using an L-band linear accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:R3449-R3451. [PMID: 9906437 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.r3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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