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Dapolito M, Tsuneto M, Zheng W, Wehmeier L, Xu S, Chen X, Sun J, Du Z, Shao Y, Jing R, Zhang S, Bercher A, Dong Y, Halbertal D, Ravindran V, Zhou Z, Petrovic M, Gozar A, Carr GL, Li Q, Kuzmenko AB, Fogler MM, Basov DN, Du X, Liu M. Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:1409-1415. [PMID: 37605044 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields can have profound effects on the motion of electrons in quantum materials. Two-dimensional electron systems subject to strong magnetic fields are expected to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity, chiral edge currents and distinctive collective modes referred to as magnetoplasmons and magnetoexcitons. Generating these propagating collective modes in charge-neutral samples and imaging them at their native nanometre length scales have thus far been experimentally elusive. Here we visualize propagating magnetoexciton polaritons at their native length scales and report their magnetic-field-tunable dispersion in near-charge-neutral graphene. Imaging these collective modes and their associated nano-electro-optical responses allows us to identify polariton-modulated optical and photo-thermal electric effects at the sample edges, which are the most pronounced near charge neutrality. Our work is enabled by innovations in cryogenic near-field optical microscopy techniques that allow for the nano-imaging of the near-field responses of two-dimensional materials under magnetic fields up to 7 T. This nano-magneto-optics approach allows us to explore and manipulate magnetopolaritons in specimens with low carrier doping via harnessing high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dapolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Tsuneto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zengyi Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrien Bercher
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vibhu Ravindran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mila Petrovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Gozar
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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Dapolito M, Tsuneto M, Zheng W, Wehmeier L, Xu S, Chen X, Sun J, Du Z, Shao Y, Jing R, Zhang S, Bercher A, Dong Y, Halbertal D, Ravindran V, Zhou Z, Petrovic M, Gozar A, Carr GL, Li Q, Kuzmenko AB, Fogler MM, Basov DN, Du X, Liu M. Author Correction: Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:1516. [PMID: 37978329 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dapolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Tsuneto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zengyi Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrien Bercher
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vibhu Ravindran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mila Petrovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Gozar
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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3
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Yao Z, Chen X, Wehmeier L, Xu S, Shao Y, Zeng Z, Liu F, Mcleod AS, Gilbert Corder SN, Tsuneto M, Shi W, Wang Z, Zheng W, Bechtel HA, Carr GL, Martin MC, Zettl A, Basov DN, Chen X, Eng LM, Kehr SC, Liu M. Probing subwavelength in-plane anisotropy with antenna-assisted infrared nano-spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2649. [PMID: 33976184 PMCID: PMC8113487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared nano-spectroscopy based on scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is commonly employed to probe the vibrational fingerprints of materials at the nanometer length scale. However, due to the elongated and axisymmetric tip shank, s-SNOM is less sensitive to the in-plane sample anisotropy in general. In this article, we report an easy-to-implement method to probe the in-plane dielectric responses of materials with the assistance of a metallic disk micro-antenna. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we investigate here the in-plane phonon responses of two prototypical samples, i.e. in (100) sapphire and x-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3). In particular, the sapphire in-plane vibrations between 350 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 that correspond to LO phonon modes along the crystal b- and c-axis are determined with a spatial resolution of < λ/10, without needing any fitting parameters. In LiNbO3, we identify the in-plane orientation of its optical axis via the phonon modes, demonstrating that our method can be applied without prior knowledge of the crystal orientation. Our method can be elegantly adapted to retrieve the in-plane anisotropic response of a broad range of materials, i.e. subwavelength microcrystals, van-der-Waals materials, or topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Yao
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257ct.qmat, Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Suheng Xu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Zimeng Zeng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanwei Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander S. Mcleod
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Stephanie N. Gilbert Corder
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Makoto Tsuneto
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Wu Shi
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihang Wang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - G. L. Carr
- grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - Michael C. Martin
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Alex Zettl
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - D. N. Basov
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Xi Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lukas M. Eng
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257ct.qmat, Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Kehr
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mengkun Liu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
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4
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Xi X, He XG, Guan F, Liu Z, Zhong RD, Schneeloch JA, Liu TS, Gu GD, Du X, Chen Z, Hong XG, Ku W, Carr GL. Bulk signatures of pressure-induced band inversion and topological phase transitions in Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Se. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:096401. [PMID: 25215996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.096401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of topological insulators are manifested in both their surface and bulk properties, but the latter remain to be explored. Here we report bulk signatures of pressure-induced band inversion and topological phase transitions in Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Se (x=0.00, 0.15, and 0.23). The results of infrared measurements as a function of pressure indicate the closing and the reopening of the band gap as well as a maximum in the free carrier spectral weight. The enhanced density of states near the band gap in the topological phase gives rise to a steep interband absorption edge. The change of density of states also yields a maximum in the pressure dependence of the Fermi level. Thus, our conclusive results provide a consistent picture of pressure-induced topological phase transitions and highlight the bulk origin of the novel properties in topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Xu-Gang He
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fen Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Zhenxian Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA
| | - R D Zhong
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J A Schneeloch
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T S Liu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA and School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - X G Hong
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Wei Ku
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G L Carr
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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5
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Xi X, Ma C, Liu Z, Chen Z, Ku W, Berger H, Martin C, Tanner DB, Carr GL. Signatures of a pressure-induced topological quantum phase transition in BiTeI. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:155701. [PMID: 24160613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of two signatures of a pressure-induced topological quantum phase transition in the polar semiconductor BiTeI using x-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The x-ray data confirm that BiTeI remains in its ambient-pressure structure up to 8 GPa. The lattice parameter ratio c/a shows a minimum between 2.0-2.9 GPa, indicating an enhanced c-axis bonding through p(z) band crossing as expected during the transition. Over the same pressure range, the infrared spectra reveal a maximum in the optical spectral weight of the charge carriers, reflecting the closing and reopening of the semiconducting band gap. Both of these features are characteristics of a topological quantum phase transition and are consistent with a recent theoretical proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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6
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Stavitski E, Smith RJ, Bourassa MW, Acerbo AS, Carr GL, Miller LM. Dynamic full-field infrared imaging with multiple synchrotron beams. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3599-605. [PMID: 23458231 DOI: 10.1021/ac3033849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microspectroscopic imaging in the infrared (IR) spectral region allows for the examination of spatially resolved chemical composition on the microscale. More than a decade ago, it was demonstrated that diffraction-limited spatial resolution can be achieved when an apertured, single-pixel IR microscope is coupled to the high brightness of a synchrotron light source. Nowadays, many IR microscopes are equipped with multipixel Focal Plane Array (FPA) detectors, which dramatically improve data acquisition times for imaging large areas. Recently, progress been made toward efficiently coupling synchrotron IR beamlines to multipixel detectors, but they utilize expensive and highly customized optical schemes. Here we demonstrate the development and application of a simple optical configuration that can be implemented on most existing synchrotron IR beamlines to achieve full-field IR imaging with diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Specifically, the synchrotron radiation fan is extracted from the bending magnet and split into four beams that are combined on the sample, allowing it to fill a large section of the FPA. With this optical configuration, we are able to oversample an image by more than a factor of 2, even at the shortest wavelengths, making image restoration through deconvolution algorithms possible. High chemical sensitivity, rapid acquisition times, and superior signal-to-noise characteristics of the instrument are demonstrated. The unique characteristics of this setup enabled the real-time study of heterogeneous chemical dynamics with diffraction-limited spatial resolution for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Stavitski
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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7
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Stanislavchuk TN, Kang TD, Rogers PD, Standard EC, Basistyy R, Kotelyanskii AM, Nita G, Zhou T, Carr GL, Kotelyanskii M, Sirenko AA. Synchrotron radiation-based far-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer with full Mueller-matrix capability. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:023901. [PMID: 23464221 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed far-IR spectroscopic ellipsometer at the U4IR beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source in Brookhaven National Laboratory. This ellipsometer is able to measure both, rotating analyzer and full-Mueller matrix spectra using rotating retarders, and wire-grid linear polarizers. We utilize exceptional brightness of synchrotron radiation in the broad spectral range between about 20 and 4000 cm(-1). Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer is used for multi-wavelength data acquisition. The sample stage has temperature variation between 4.2 and 450 K, wide range of θ-2θ angular rotation, χ tilt angle adjustment, and X-Y-Z translation. A LabVIEW-based software controls the motors, sample temperature, and FT-IR spectrometer and also allows to run fully automated experiments with pre-programmed measurement schedules. Data analysis is based on Berreman's 4 × 4 propagation matrix formalism to calculate the Mueller matrix parameters of anisotropic samples with magnetic permeability μ ≠ 1. A nonlinear regression of the rotating analyzer ellipsometry and∕or Mueller matrix (MM) spectra, which are usually acquired at variable angles of incidence and sample crystallographic orientations, allows extraction of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability tensors for bulk and thin-film samples. Applications of this ellipsometer setup for multiferroic and ferrimagnetic materials with μ ≠ 1 are illustrated with experimental results and simulations for TbMnO3 and Dy3Fe5O12 single crystals. We demonstrate how magnetic and electric dipoles, such as magnons and phonons, can be distinguished from a single MM measurement without adducing any modeling arguments. The parameters of magnetoelectric components of electromagnon excitations are determined using MM spectra of TbMnO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Stanislavchuk
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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8
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Li Z, Lui CH, Cappelluti E, Benfatto L, Mak KF, Carr GL, Shan J, Heinz TF. Structure-dependent Fano resonances in the infrared spectra of phonons in few-layer graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:156801. [PMID: 22587273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The in-plane optical phonons around 200 meV in few-layer graphene are investigated utilizing infrared absorption spectroscopy. The phonon spectra exhibit unusual asymmetric features characteristic of Fano resonances, which depend critically on the layer thickness and stacking order of the sample. The phonon intensities in samples with rhombohedral (ABC) stacking are significantly higher than those with Bernal (AB) stacking. These observations reflect the strong coupling between phonons and interband electronic transitions in these systems and the distinctive variation in the joint density of electronic states in samples of differing thickness and stacking order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA
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9
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Shen Y, Yang X, Carr GL, Hidaka Y, Murphy JB, Wang X. Tunable few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:204801. [PMID: 22181737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of tunable, narrow-band, few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz (THz) pulses from a temporally modulated relativistic electron beam. We demonstrate that the frequency of the THz radiation and the number of the oscillation cycles of the THz electric field can be tuned by changing the modulation period of the electron beam through a temporally shaped photocathode drive laser. The central frequency of the THz spectrum is tunable from ∼0.26 to 2.6 THz with a bandwidth of ∼0.16 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Shen
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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10
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Musfeldt JL, Liu Z, Li S, Kang J, Lee C, Jena P, Manson JL, Schlueter JA, Carr GL, Whangbo MH. Pressure-Induced Local Structure Distortions in Cu(pyz)F2(H2O)2. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6347-52. [PMID: 21644536 DOI: 10.1021/ic2008039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Musfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Z. Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - S. Li
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - J. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - P. Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - J. L. Manson
- Department of Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
| | - J. A. Schlueter
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - G. L. Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - M.-H. Whangbo
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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11
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Xi X, Hwang J, Martin C, Tanner DB, Carr GL. Far-infrared conductivity measurements of pair breaking in superconducting Nb 0.5 Ti 0.5 N thin films induced by an external magnetic field. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:257006. [PMID: 21231618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.257006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the complex optical conductivity of a superconducting thin film of Nb 0.5 Ti 0.5 N in an external magnetic field. The field was applied parallel to the film surface and the conductivity extracted from far-infrared transmission and reflection measurements. The real part shows the superconducting gap, which we observe to be suppressed by the applied magnetic field. We compare our results with the pair-breaking theory of Abrikosov and Gor'kov and confirm directly the theory's validity for the optical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Shen Y, Watanabe T, Arena DA, Kao CC, Murphy JB, Tsang TY, Wang XJ, Carr GL. Nonlinear cross-phase modulation with intense single-cycle terahertz pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:043901. [PMID: 17678365 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.043901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated nonlinear cross-phase modulation in electro-optic crystals using intense, single-cycle terahertz (THz) radiation. Individual THz pulses, generated by coherent transition radiation emitted by subpicosecond electron bunches, have peak energies of up to 100 microJ per pulse. The time-dependent electric field of the intense THz pulses induces cross-phase modulation in electro-optic crystals through the Pockels effect, leading to spectral shifting, broadening, and modulation of copropagating laser pulses. The observed THz-induced cross-phase modulation agrees well with a time-dependent phase-shift model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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13
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Wang F, Cheever D, Farkhondeh M, Franklin W, Ihloff E, van der Laan J, McAllister B, Milner R, Tschalaer C, Wang D, Wang DF, Zolfaghari A, Zwart T, Carr GL, Podobedov B, Sannibale F. Coherent THz synchrotron radiation from a storage ring with high-frequency RF system. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:064801. [PMID: 16606000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The generation of brilliant, stable, and broadband coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in electron storage rings depends strongly on ring rf system properties such as frequency and gap voltage. We have observed intense coherent radiation at frequencies approaching the THz regime produced by the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring, which employs a high-frequency S-band rf system. The measured CSR spectral intensity enhancement with 2 mA stored current was up to 10,000 times above background for wave numbers near 3 cm(-1). The measurements also uncovered strong beam instabilities that must be suppressed if such a very high rf frequency electron storage ring is to become a viable coherent THz source.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center, Middleton, Massachusetts 01949, USA
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14
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Abstract
Infrared radiation from synchrotron storagerings serves as a high-brightness source fordiffraction-limited microspectroscopy inboth the mid- and far-infrared spectralranges. Mid-infrared absorption, due to localvibrational modes within complex molecules,is shown to be sensitive to small chemicalchanges associated with certain diseases.Farinfrared modes are believed to result from thefolding or twisting of larger, morecomplex molecules. The ability for thesynchrotron source to perform microscopy ata frequency of 1 THz is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Miller
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA
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15
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Abstract
We report the production of high power (20watts average, ∼ 1 Megawatt peak) broadbandTHz light based on coherent emission fromrelativistic electrons. Such sources areideal for imaging, for high power damagestudies and for studies of non-linearphenomena in this spectral range. Wedescribe the source, presenting theoreticalcalculations and their experimentalverification. For clarity we compare thissource with one based on ultrafast lasertechniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA
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16
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons. Nature 2002; 420:153-6. [PMID: 12432385 DOI: 10.1038/nature01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes. Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources and by short electron bunches in accelerators, but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors; the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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17
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Abstract
We report the production of high power (20 W average, approximately 1 MW peak) broadband THz light based on coherent emission from relativistic electrons. We describe the source, presenting theoretical calculations and their experimental verification. For clarity we compare this source with that based on ultrafast laser techniques, and in fact the radiation has qualities closely analogous to those produced by such sources, namely that it is spatially coherent, and comprises short duration pulses with transform-limited spectral content. In contrast to conventional THz radiation, however, the intensity is many orders of magnitude greater due to the relativistic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 1197, USA
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Tu JJ, Carr GL, Perebeinos V, Homes CC, Strongin M, Allen PB, Kang WN, Choi EM, Kim HJ, Lee SI. Optical properties of c-axis oriented superconducting MgB2 films. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:277001. [PMID: 11800908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.277001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependent optical conductivities and dc resistivity of c-axis oriented superconducting (T(c) = 39.6 K) MgB2 films (approximately 450 nm) have been measured. The normal state ab-plane optical conductivities can be described by the Drude model with a temperature independent Drude plasma frequency of omega(p,D) = 13 600+/-100 cm(-1) or 1.68+/-0.01 eV. The normal state resistivity is fitted by the Bloch-Grüneisen formula with an electron-phonon coupling constant lambda(tr) = 0.13+/-0.02. The optical conductivity spectra below T(c) of these films suggest that MgB2 is a multigap superconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Tu
- Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
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Kreplak L, Briki F, Duvault Y, Doucet J, Merigoux C, Leroy F, Lévêque JL, Miller L, Carr GL, Williams GP, Dumas P. Profiling lipids across Caucasian and Afro-American hair transverse cuts, using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry. Int J Cosmet Sci 2001; 23:369-74. [DOI: 10.1046/j.0412-5463.2001.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carr GL, Lobo RP, LaVeigne J, Reitze DH, Tanner DB. Exploring the dynamics of superconductors by time-resolved far-infrared spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:3001-3004. [PMID: 11005988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the recombination of excess quasiparticles in superconducting Pb by time-resolved far-infrared spectroscopy using a pulsed synchrotron source. The energy gap shift calculated by Owen and Scalapino [Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1559 (1972)] is directly observed, as is the associated reduction in the Cooper pair density. The relaxation process involves a two-component decay; the faster ( approximately 200 ps) is associated with the actual (effective) recombination process, while the slower ( approximately 10 to 100 ns) is due to heat transport across the film/substrate interface. The temperature dependence of the recombination process between 0. 5T(c) and 0.85T(c) is in good agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Miller LM, Carr GL, Jackson M, Dumas P, Williams GP. The impact of infrared synchrotron radiation in biology: Past, present and future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/08940880008261098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Dumas P, Carr GL, Williams GP. Enhancing the lateral resolution in infrared microspectrometry by using synchrotron radiation: applications and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1051/analusis:2000280068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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23
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Jamin N, Dumas P, Moncuit J, Fridman WH, Teillaud JL, Carr GL, Williams GP. Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:4837-40. [PMID: 9560189 PMCID: PMC20174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.9.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using synchrotron radiation as an ultra-bright infrared source, we have been able to map the distributions of functional groups such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids inside a single living cell with a spatial resolution of a few microns. In particular, we have mapped the changes in the lipid and protein distributions in both the final stages of cell division and also during necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jamin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires, F91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Carr GL, Dumas P, Hirschmug CJ, Williams GP. Infrared synchrotron radiation programs at the National Synchrotron Light Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03185537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Miller LM, Carlson CS, Carr GL, Chance MR. A method for examining the chemical basis for bone disease: synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1998; 44:117-27. [PMID: 9551644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared microspectroscopy combines microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of chemical microanalysis. Light microscopy provides a way to generate and record magnified images and visibly resolve microstructural detail. Infrared spectroscopy provides a means for analyzing the chemical makeup of materials. Combining light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy permits the correlation of microstructure with chemical composition. Inherently, the long wavelengths of infrared radiation limit the spatial resolution of the technique. However, synchrotron infrared radiation significantly improves both the spectral and spatial resolution of an infrared microspectrometer, such that data can be obtained with high signal-to-noise at the diffraction limit, which is 3-5 microm in the mid-infrared region. In this study, we use infrared microspectroscopy to study the chemical composition of bone using two mapping methods. In the osteon method, linear maps are collected from the center of an osteon (newer bone) to the periphery (older bone) and their chemical compositions are compared. In the transverse method, applied specifically to subchondral bone, line maps are collected from the edge of the articular cartilage (older bone) to the marrow space (newer bone). A significant advantage of infrared microspectroscopy over other chemical methods is that the bone does not need to be homogenized for testing; we are able to study cross-sectional samples of bone in situ at a resolution better than 5 microm and compare the results with morphological findings on stained serial sections immediately adjacent to those examined by infrared microspectroscopy. The infrared absorption bands of bone proteins and mineral are sensitive to mineral content (i.e. carbonate, phosphate, acid phosphate), mineral crystallinity and the content/nature of the organic matrix. In this study, they are analyzed as a function of (1) age, i.e. distance with respect to the center of an osteon, and (2) morphology, i.e. cortical versus cancellous (notably subchondral) bone. Results show that the protein/mineral ratio is higher in younger bone. As bone matures, mineralization increases, as does carbonate substitution into the hydroxyapatite lattice. Finally, most of the changes in chemical composition of bone occur within 20 microm of the site of new bone growth, e.g. the center of an osteon, demonstrating the need for the high spatial resolution achieved only with the use of a synchrotron infrared source.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Miller
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and The National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Jamin N, Dumas P, Moncuit J, Fridman WH, Teillaud JL, Carr GL, Williams GP. Chemical imaging of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids of a single living cell. Application of synchrotron infrared microspectrometry in cell biology. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1998; 44:9-13. [PMID: 9551633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybridoma B-cells have been used as models to evaluate the performance of synchrotron infrared microscopy to obtain chemical images of a single living cell. Chemical mapping of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids at a resolution of a few microns, close to the diffraction limit in the mid-infrared region are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jamin
- CEA-INSTN-CIE, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Gao F, Carr GL, Porter CD, Tanner DB, Williams GP, Hirschmugl CJ, Dutta B, Wu XD, Etemad S. Quasiparticle damping and the coherence peak in YBa2Cu3O7- delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:700-710. [PMID: 9984307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Strom U, Culbertson JC, Wolf SA, Gao F, Tanner DB, Carr GL. Far-infrared photoresponse of granular YBa2.1Cu3.4O7-x. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:8472-8479. [PMID: 10002611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Romero DB, Porter CD, Tanner DB, Forro L, Mandrus D, Mihaly L, Carr GL, Williams GP. Quasiparticle damping in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and Bi2Sr2CuO6. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:1590-1593. [PMID: 10045170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Romero DB, Carr GL, Tanner DB, Forro L, Mandrus D, Mihaly L, Williams GP. 12kBTc optical signature of superconductivity in single-domain Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:2818-2821. [PMID: 9999860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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32
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Gao F, Carr GL, Porter CD, Tanner DB, Etemad S, Venkatesan T, Inam A, Dutta B, Wu XD, Williams GP, Hirschmugl CJ. Far-infrared transmittance and reflectance studies of oriented YBa2Cu3O7- delta thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:10383-10389. [PMID: 9996759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Forro L, Carr GL, Williams GP, Mandrus D, Mihaly L. Far-infrared transmission study of single-crystal Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:1941-1944. [PMID: 10042403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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34
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Strom U, Culbertson JC, Wolf SA, Perkowitz S, Carr GL. Far-infrared photoresponse of quasi-two-dimensional granular NbN/BN films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:4059-4063. [PMID: 9995927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Williams GP, Budhani RC, Hirschmugl CJ, Carr GL, Perkowitz S, Lou B, Yang TR. Infrared synchrotron-radiation transmission measurements on YBa2Cu3O7- delta in the gap and supercurrent regions. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:4752-4755. [PMID: 9994307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yang TR, Perkowitz S, Carr GL, Budhani RC, Williams GP, Hirschmugl CJ. Infrared properties of single crystal MgO, a substrate for high temperature superconducting films. Appl Opt 1990; 29:332-333. [PMID: 20556104 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report and analyze the infrared properties of single crystal MgO, an important substrate for high T(c), superconducting films, from 10 to 280 cm(-1) and 20-300 K.
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Carr GL, Tanner DB. Comment on "Observation of a far-infrared sphere resonance in superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4-y particles". Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:2763. [PMID: 10040082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bozovic I, Mitzi D, Beasley M, Kapitulnik A, Geballe T, Perkowitz S, Carr GL, Lou B, Sudharsanan R, Yom SS. Vibrational spectra and lattice instabilities in the high-Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7 and GdBa2Cu3O7. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:4000-4002. [PMID: 9943363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Perkowitz S, Carr GL, Subramaniam B, Mitrovic B. Far-infrared determination of scattering behavior and plasma frequency in V3Si, Nb3Ge, and Nb. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1985; 32:153-157. [PMID: 9936650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Abstract
This study evaluates the results of group logoanalysis with selected hospitalized alcoholics using the Purpose in Life (PIL) Test as a before-and-after measure of therapeutic outcome in comparison with controls. Results suggest that closed-end logoanalysis groups are superior to open-end groups, and that both are superior to controls in improving the patient's sense of meaning and purpose in life as measured by the PIL.
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