1
|
Tacconi L, Leiszner SS, Briganti M, Cucinotta G, Otero E, Mannini M, Perfetti M. Temperature Induced Reversible Switching of the Magnetic Anisotropy in a Neodymium Complex Adsorbed on Graphite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401627. [PMID: 38773906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the magnetic anisotropy of molecular layers assembled on a surface is one of the challenges that needs to be addressed to create the next-generation spintronic devices. Recently, metal complexes that show a reversible solid-state switch of their magnetic anisotropy in response to physical stimuli, such as temperature and magnetic field, have been discovered. The complex Nd(trensal) (H3trensal = 2,2',2''-tris(salicylideneimino)triethylamine) is predicted to exhibit such property. An ultra-thin film of Nd(trensal) is deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite as a proof-of-concept system to show that this property can be retained at the nanoscale on a layered material. By combining single crystal magnetometric measurements and synchrotron X-ray-based absorption techniques, supported by multiplet ligand field simulations based on the trigonal crystal field surrounding the lanthanide centre, it is demonstrated that changing the temperature reverses the magnetic anisotropy of an ordered film of Nd(trensal), thus opening significant perspectives for the realization of a novel family of temperature-controlled molecular spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tacconi
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Sofie S Leiszner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cucinotta
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron, SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91190, France
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mauro Perfetti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Gómez S, Pérez L, Mascaraque A, Santos B, El Gabaly F, Schmid AK, de la Figuera J. Stacking influence on the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in a 2D magnetic system. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8313-8319. [PMID: 37083943 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnetization patterns on three atomic layers thick islands of Co on Ru(0001) are studied by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM). In-plane magnetized micrometer wide triangular Co islands are grown on Ru(0001). They present two different orientations correlated with two different stacking sequences which differ only in the last layer position. The stacking sequence determines the type of magnetization pattern observed: the hcp islands present very wide domain walls, while the fcc islands present domains separated by much narrower domain walls. The former is an extremely low in-plane anisotropy system. We estimate the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of the fcc regions to be 1.96 × 104 J m-3 and of the hcp ones to be 2.5 × 102 J m-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Pérez
- Dept. Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- "Surface Science and Magnetism of Low Dimensional Systems", UCM, Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Mascaraque
- Dept. Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- "Surface Science and Magnetism of Low Dimensional Systems", UCM, Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benito Santos
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Dept. Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Farid El Gabaly
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Andreas K Schmid
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coughlin AL, Xie D, Yao Y, Zhan X, Chen Q, Hewa-Walpitage H, Zhang X, Guo H, Zhou H, Lou J, Wang J, Li YS, Fertig HA, Zhang S. Near Degeneracy of Magnetic Phases in Two-Dimensional Chromium Telluride with Enhanced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15256-15266. [PMID: 33124799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of atomically thin van der Waals magnets (e.g., CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6) has triggered a renaissance in the study of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism. Most of the 2D magnetic compounds discovered so far host only one single magnetic phase unless the system is at a phase boundary. In this work, we report the near degeneracy of magnetic phases in ultrathin chromium telluride (Cr2Te3) layers with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy highly desired for stabilizing 2D magnetic order. Single-crystalline Cr2Te3 nanoplates with a trigonal structure (space group P3̅1c) were grown by chemical vapor deposition. The bulk magnetization measurements suggest a ferromagnetic (FM) order with an enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, as evidenced by a coercive field as large as ∼14 kOe when the field is applied perpendicular to the basal plane of the thin nanoplates. Magneto-optical Kerr effect studies confirm the intrinsic ferromagnetism and characterize the magnetic ordering temperature of individual nanoplates. First-principles density functional theory calculations suggest the near degeneracy of magnetic orderings with a continuously varying canting from the c-axis FM due to their comparable energy scales, explaining the zero-field kink observed in the magnetic hysteresis loops. Our work highlights Cr2Te3 as a promising 2D Ising system to study magnetic phase coexistence and switches for ultracompact information storage and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Coughlin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongyue Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Electron Microscope Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Heshan Hewa-Walpitage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Center for Nanophysics & Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Haidong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yan S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Herbert A Fertig
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bab MA, Saracco GP. Evidence of Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions in the Ising model with dipolar interactions. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:022143. [PMID: 31574726 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.022143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ferromagnetic bidimensional Ising model with dipolar interactions has been proposed to model ultrathin films with strong out-of-plane anisotropy. The phase diagram presents a rich phenomenology that includes low-temperature phases characterized by stripes of width n (h_{n}) and a high-temperature phase with domains of stripes with mutually perpendicular orientations, named tetragonal liquid (TL). The latter phase can be reached by two possible ways. One of them is the direct transition h_{n} to TL, and the other one is through an intermediate phase with orientational order but short-range positional disorder, named nematic phase (NM). The regions of the phase diagram where these transitions occur, as well as their character, remain an open question and are the object of the present work. In order to clarify this topic, intensive Monte Carlo simulations were performed by employing short-time dynamics as the main tool for studying the phase transition behavior. The dynamic evolution of the orientational order parameter and its moments are measured for selected values of the ratio between the ferromagnetic exchange and dipolar constants, called δ. The obtained results indicate that the intermediate NM phase is present for δ≥2 in narrow ranges of temperatures. Also, the results suggest that both transitions, i.e., h_{n}-NM and NM-TL, have a Kosterlitz-Thouless character. This type of topological transition is observed in continuous bidimensional models and have been proposed for discrete ones, as in the case of the present work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Bab
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET, c.c. 16, Suc. 4, (1900)La Plata, Argentina
| | - G P Saracco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET, c.c. 16, Suc. 4, (1900)La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balk AL, Li F, Gilbert I, Unguris J, Sinitsyn NA, Crooker SA. Broadband spectroscopy of thermodynamic magnetization fluctuations through a ferromagnetic spin-reorientation transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2018; 8:10.1103/PhysRevX.8.031078. [PMID: 30984473 PMCID: PMC6459195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.8.031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use scanning optical magnetometry to study the broadband frequency spectra of spontaneous magnetization fluctuations, or "magnetization noise", in an archetypal ferromagnetic film that can be smoothly tuned through a spin reorientation transition (SRT). The SRT is achieved by laterally varying the magnetic anisotropy across an ultrathin Pt/Co/Pt trilayer, from the perpendicular to in-plane direction, via graded Ar+ irradiation. In regions exhibiting perpendicular anisotropy, the power spectrum of the magnetization noise, S(ν), exhibits a remarkably robust ν -3/2 power law over frequencies ν from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. As the SRT region is traversed, however, S(ν) spectra develop a steadily-increasing critical frequency, ν 0, below which the noise power is spectrally flat, indicating an evolving low-frequency cutoff for magnetization fluctuations. The magnetization noise depends strongly on applied in- and out-of-plane magnetic fields, revealing local anisotropies and also a field-induced emergence of fluctuations in otherwise stable ferromagnetic films. Finally, we demonstrate that higher-order correlators can be computed from the noise. These results highlight broadband spectroscopy of thermodynamic fluctuations as a powerful tool to characterize the interplay between thermal and magnetic energy scales, and as a means of characterizing phase transitions in ferromagnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Balk
- National High, Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - F Li
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - I Gilbert
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J Unguris
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - N A Sinitsyn
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S A Crooker
- National High, Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez MDP, Milano J, Eddrief M, Marangolo M, Bustingorry S. Modeling magnetization curves in magnetic thin films with striped patterns. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:136001. [PMID: 26941191 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/13/136001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study magnetic thin films presenting magnetic stripe patterns. A fingerprint of such domains is a linear behavior of the in-plane magnetization curves below a given saturation field. We present free energy models for the in-plane magnetization curves which permit us to extract key geometrical information about the stripe patterns, such as the maximum canted angle of the magnetization and the domain wall width. As an example, we discuss in this work magnetization curves for Fe(1-x)Ga(x) magnetic films which present a stripe pattern with a period of 160 nm and we found a typical maximum canted angle of 85° and a domain wall width around 30 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Di Pietro Martínez
- Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Bustillo 9500, (R8402AGP) San Carlos de Bariloche, RN, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuravlev IA, Antropov VP, Belashchenko KD. Spin-Fluctuation Mechanism of Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in Itinerant Magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:217201. [PMID: 26636868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.217201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The origins of the anomalous temperature dependence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in (Fe_{1-x}Co_{x})_{2}B alloys are elucidated using first-principles calculations within the disordered local moment model. Excellent agreement with experimental data is obtained. The anomalies are associated with the changes in band occupations due to Stoner-like band shifts and with the selective suppression of spin-orbit "hot spots" by thermal spin fluctuations. Under certain conditions, the anisotropy can increase, rather than decrease, with decreasing magnetization due to these peculiar electronic mechanisms, which contrast starkly with those assumed in existing models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Zhuravlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - V P Antropov
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K D Belashchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma S, Tan A, Deng JX, Li J, Zhang ZD, Hwang C, Qiu ZQ. Tailoring the magnetic anisotropy of Py/Ni bilayer films using well aligned atomic steps on Cu(001). Sci Rep 2015; 5:11055. [PMID: 26067408 PMCID: PMC4464147 DOI: 10.1038/srep11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the spin orientation at the atomic scale has been a key task in spintronics technology. While controlling the out-of-plane to in-plane spin orientation has been achieved by a precise control of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at atomic layer thickness level, a design and control of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy has not yet been well developed. On well aligned atomic steps of a 6° vicinal Cu(001) surface with steps parallel to the [110] axis, we grow Py/Ni overlayer films epitaxially to permit a systematic exploration of the step-induced in-plane magnetic anisotropy as a function of both the Py and the Ni film thicknesses. We found that the atomic steps from the vicinal Cu(001) induce an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy that favors both Py and Ni magnetizations perpendicular to the steps, opposite to the behavior of Co on vicinal Cu(001). In addition, thickness-dependent study shows that the Ni films exhibit different magnetic anisotropy below and above ~6 ML Ni thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ma
- 1] Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China [2] Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,California 94720
| | - A Tan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,California 94720
| | - J X Deng
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,California 94720
| | - J Li
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,California 94720
| | - Z D Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - C Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-340, Korea
| | - Z Q Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoang DT, Kasperski M, Puszkarski H, Diep HT. Re-orientation transition in molecular thin films: Potts model with dipolar interaction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:056006. [PMID: 23287003 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/5/056006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the low-temperature behavior and the phase transition of a thin film by Monte Carlo simulation. The thin film has a simple cubic lattice structure where each site is occupied by a Potts parameter which indicates the molecular orientation of the site. We take only three molecular orientations in this paper, which correspond to the three-state Potts model. The Hamiltonian of the system includes (i) the exchange interaction J(ij) between nearest-neighbor sites i and j, (ii) the long-range dipolar interaction of amplitude D truncated at a cutoff distance r(c), and (iii) a single-ion perpendicular anisotropy of amplitude A. We allow J(ij) = J(s) between surface spins, and J(ij) = J otherwise. We show that the ground state depends on the ratio D/A and r(c). For a single layer, for a given A, there is a critical value D(c) below (above) which the ground-state (GS) configuration of molecular axes is perpendicular (parallel) to the film surface. When the temperature T is increased, a re-orientation transition occurs near D(c): the low-T in-plane ordering undergoes a transition to the perpendicular ordering at a finite T, below the transition to the paramagnetic phase. The same phenomenon is observed in the case of a film with a thickness. Comparison with the Fe/Gd experiment is given. We show that the surface phase transition can occur below or above the bulk transition depending on the ratio J(s)/J. Surface and bulk order parameters as well as other physical quantities are shown and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danh-Tai Hoang
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, CNRS, UMR 8089 2, Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, F-95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rybicki M, Zasada I. Noncollinear spin reorientation transition in S = 1 ferromagnetic thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:386005. [PMID: 22927564 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/38/386005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An in-plane spin reorientation transition in thin ferromagnetic films is discussed in terms of the thermodynamics of inhomogeneous low-dimensional systems based on a Néel sublattices concept while using a spin 1 Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The model allows us to investigate in a straightforward manner the layer-dependent phenomena. In this context, we propose a model of noncollinear magnetization structure based on the appropriate distribution of the anisotropy parameters inside the Fe films on W(110). The spin reorientation transition originates at the Fe/W(110) interface and proceeds via noncollinear magnetization structure toward the surface with increasing film thickness in accordance with the experimental findings. The temperature-driven spin reorientation transition in freestanding Fe films and in Fe/W(110) systems is also discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rybicki
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li D, Zhang J, Dowben PA, Garrison K, Johnson PD, Tang H, Walker T, Hopster H, Scott J, Weiler D, Pappas DP. Canted Magnetic Moments at the Gd (0001) Surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWith spin polarized electron spectroscopies, we have investigated ordered Gd (0001) films deposited on W (110). The photoemission features of the gadolinium 5d surface state, the 4f levels, and the background exhibit considerable spin polarization along the same direction in the plane of the film, indicative of ferromagnetic coupling between the surface and the bulk. The 4f spin polarized photoemission data provides strong evidence that the surface 4f polarization differs from the bulk 4f polarization for Gd (000l). Our temperature dependent measurements with spin polarized secondary electron spectroscopy conclusively establishes that the surface of clean Gd (0001) possesses a perpendicular polarization component which persists to an enhanced surface Curie temperature. SMall amounts of contamination at the surface result in the disappearance of the perpendicular component and, therefore, a more perfect ferromagnetic coupling between the surface and the bulk.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng XM, Keavney DJ. Studies of nanomagnetism using synchrotron-based x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM). REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:026501. [PMID: 22790347 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/2/026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As interest in magnetic devices has increased over the last 20 years, research into nanomagnetism has experienced a corresponding growth. Device applications from magnetic storage to magnetic logic have compelled interest in the influence of geometry and finite size on magnetism and magnetic excitations, in particular where the smallest dimensions reach the important magnetic interaction length scales. The dynamical behavior of nanoscale magnets is an especially important subset of research, as these phenomena are both critical for device physics and profoundly influenced by finite size. At the same time, nanoscale systems offer unique geometries to promote and study model systems, such as magnetic vortices, leading to new fundamental insights into magnetization dynamics. A wide array of experimental and computational techniques have been applied to these problems. Among these, imaging techniques that provide real-space information on the magnetic order are particularly useful. X-ray microscopy offers several advantages over scanning probe or optical techniques, such as high spatial resolution, element specificity and the possibility for high time resolution. Here, we review recent contributions using static and time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy to nanomagnetism research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X M Cheng
- Department of Physics, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abu-Labdeh AM, MacIsaac AB, De'Bell K. Effects of a perpendicular magnetic field in the dipolar Heisenberg model with dominant exchange interaction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:296005. [PMID: 21737865 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/29/296005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a uniform magnetic field on the phase diagram of the dipolar Heisenberg model with a dominant antiferromagnetic exchange interaction have been investigated. The model consists of a square lattice of classical spin vectors, where the spins interact through an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction of strength J and a dipole-dipole interaction of strength g. The spins couple to a magnetic surface anisotropy of strength κ and to an applied external magnetic field of strength H. The external field is applied perpendicular to the plane of the lattice. From extensive Monte Carlo simulations, representative magnetic phase diagrams have been determined as a function of the ratios κ/g and T/g, where T is temperature, and at three different ratios of H/g (H/g = 10, 20, 27). These results are compared to the previously investigated case of H/g = 0 and to analytic calculations for the ground state energies. The nature of the equilibrium phases and order of the phase boundaries separating them are considered and changes due to the strength of the applied field are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Abu-Labdeh
- Department of Physics, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tobin JG, Wagner MK, Guo XO, Tong. SY. Photoelectron Diffraction of Magnetic Ultrathin Films: Fe/Cu(001). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-208-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe preliminary results of an ongoing investigation of Fe/Cu(001) are presented here. Energy dependent photoelectron diffraction, including the spin-dependent variant using the multiplet split Fe 3s state, is being used to investigate the nanoscale structures formed by near-monolayer deposits of Fe onto Cu(001). Core-level photoemission from the Fe3p and Fe3s states has been generated using synchrotron radiation as the tunable excitation source. Tentatively, a comparison of the experimental Fe3p cross section measurements with multiple scattering calculations indicates that the Fe is in a fourfold hollow site with a spacing of 3.6Å between it and the atom directly beneath it, in the third layer. This is consistent with an FCC structure. The possibility of utilizing spin-dleendent photoelectron diffraction to investigate magnetic ultrathin films will be demonstrated, using our preliminary spectra of the multiplet-split Fe3s of near-monolayer Fe/Cu(001).
Collapse
|
15
|
Syromyatnikov AV. Instability of the collinear phase in a two-dimensional ferromagnet in a strong in-plane magnetic field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:216009. [PMID: 21825574 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/21/216009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that in a thin ferromagnetic film with a net magnetization perpendicular to the film the collinear arrangement of spins is unstable in an in-plane field H smaller than its saturation value H(c). The existence of a stripe phase was proposed with elongated domains of alternating direction of the magnetization component perpendicular to the film. We consider in the present paper the strong-field regime H<H(c) and discuss the minimal microscopic model describing this phenomenon, a two-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet with strong easy-axis anisotropy and dipolar forces. The noncollinear (stripe) phase is discussed using the technique of Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Some previously unknown results are observed concerning the stripe phase. Evolution of the spin arrangement in the noncollinear phase is established upon field rotation within the plane. We find a rapid decrease of the period of the stripe structure as the field decreases. We demonstrate that spin components perpendicular to the film form a sinusoid in the noncollinear phase at H≈H(c) that transforms to a step-like profile with decreasing field so that the domain wall density decreases from unity to a value much smaller than unity. The spin-wave spectrum in the noncollinear phase is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Syromyatnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St Petersburg 188300, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Taroni A, Bramwell ST, Holdsworth PCW. Universal window for two-dimensional critical exponents. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:275233. [PMID: 21694394 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/27/275233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional condensed matter is realized in increasingly diverse forms that are accessible to experiment and of potential technological value. The properties of these systems are influenced by many length scales and reflect both generic physics and chemical detail. To unify their physical description is therefore a complex and important challenge. Here we investigate the distribution of experimentally estimated critical exponents, β, that characterize the evolution of the order parameter through the ordering transition. The distribution is found to be bimodal and bounded within a window ∼0.1≤β≤0.25, facts that are only in partial agreement with the established theory of critical phenomena. In particular, the bounded nature of the distribution is impossible to reconcile with the existing theory for one of the major universality classes of two-dimensional behaviour-the XY model with four-fold crystal field-which predicts a spectrum of non-universal exponents bounded only from below. Through a combination of numerical and renormalization group arguments we resolve the contradiction between theory and experiment and demonstrate how the 'universal window' for critical exponents observed in experiment arises from a competition between marginal operators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Taroni
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi J, Wu J, Won C, Wu YZ, Scholl A, Doran A, Owens T, Qiu ZQ. Magnetic bubble domain phase at the spin reorientation transition of ultrathin Fe/Ni/Cu(001) film. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:207205. [PMID: 17677736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.207205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic domain phases of ultrathin Fe/Ni/Cu(001) are studied using photoemission electron microscopy at the spin reorientation transition (SRT). We observe a new magnetic phase of bubble domains within a narrow SRT region after applying a nearly in-plane magnetic field pulse to the sample. By applying the magnetic field pulse along different directions, we find that the bubble domain phase exists only if the magnetic field direction is less than approximately 10 degrees relative to the sample surface. A temperature dependent measurement shows that the bubble domain phase becomes unstable above 370 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Samarin S, Artamonov OM, Sergeant AD, Stamps R, Williams JF. Energy- and momentum-resolved exchange and spin-orbit interaction in cobalt film by spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:096402. [PMID: 17026381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.096402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous ordering of electronic spins in ferromagnetic materials is one of the best known and most studied examples of quantum correlations. Exchange correlations are responsible for long range spin order and the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) can create preferred crystalline directions for the spins, i.e., magnetic anisotropy. Presented experimental data illustrate how novel spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy in-reflection mode allows observation of the localization of spin-dependent interactions in energy-momentum space. Comparison of spin-orbit asymmetries in spectra of Co film and clean W(110) may indicate the presence of interface specific proximity effects providing important clues to the formation of preferred orientations for the magnetic moment of the Co film. These results may help to understand the microscopic origin of interface magnetic anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Samarin
- Centre for Atomic, Molecular and Surface Physics, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Udvardi L, Szunyogh L, Vernesand A, Weinberger P. Reorientation phase transitions in thin magnetic films: a review of the classical vector spin model within the mean-field approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642810108225455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Udvardi
- a Department of Theoretical Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budafoki út 8, H-1521 , Budapest , Hungary
- b Center for Computational Materials Science , Technical University Vienna , Gumpendorferstrasse la, A-1060 , Vienna , Austria
- c E-mail:
| | - L. Szunyogh
- a Department of Theoretical Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budafoki út 8, H-1521 , Budapest , Hungary
- b Center for Computational Materials Science , Technical University Vienna , Gumpendorferstrasse la, A-1060 , Vienna , Austria
| | - A. Vernesand
- b Center for Computational Materials Science , Technical University Vienna , Gumpendorferstrasse la, A-1060 , Vienna , Austria
| | - P. Weinberger
- b Center for Computational Materials Science , Technical University Vienna , Gumpendorferstrasse la, A-1060 , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chapter 1 The Field of Nanomagnetism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-0934(05)01001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
Cr adsorption effect of magnetic property of Fe/Cu(001). E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Wu YZ, Won C, Scholl A, Doran A, Zhao HW, Jin XF, Qiu ZQ. Magnetic stripe domains in coupled magnetic sandwiches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:117205. [PMID: 15447377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic stripe domains in the spin reorientation transition region are investigated in (Fe/Ni)/Cu(001) and Co/Cu/(Fe/Ni)/Cu(001) using photoemission electron microscopy. For (Fe/Ni)/Cu(001), the stripe domain width decreases exponentially as the Fe/Ni film approaches the spin reorientation transition point. For Co/Cu/(Fe/Ni)/Cu(001), the Fe/Ni stripe orientation is aligned with the Co in-plane magnetization, and the stripe domain width decreases exponentially with increasing the interlayer coupling between the Fe/Ni and Co films. By considering magnetic stripes within an in-plane magnetic field, we reveal a universal dependence of the stripe domain width on the magnetic anisotropy and on the interlayer coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vedmedenko EY, Oepen HP, Ghazali A, Lévy JC, Kirschner J. Magnetic microstructure of the spin reorientation transition: a computer experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5884-5887. [PMID: 10991079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The scenario of the spin reorientation in two-dimensional films within first-order anisotropy approximation is theoretically studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The magnetic microstructure is investigated as a function of the ratio of the perpendicular anisotropy energy to the dipolar one. If the anisotropy dominates, out-of-plane domains will be found while in-plane vortices appear for a vanishing anisotropy. In the range of comparable anisotropy and dipolar energies a complex domain pattern evolves yielding a continuous transition between the two structures. The structure with equally distributed magnetic moment orientations is stable at the point where anisotropy and dipolar energies cancel each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Vedmedenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Camley RE, Li D. Theoretical calculation of magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4709-4712. [PMID: 10990777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the magnetization in fcc Fe on Cu(100) is calculated using a self-consistent local mean-field theory. The model reproduces an experimental magnetization oscillation as a function of film thickness and supports a picture where the top two layers are ferromagnetically coupled, and the remaining layers are antiferromagnetically coupled. The origin of the puzzling linear temperature dependence in oscillation amplitude is understood as a "surface phenomena" of the antiferromagnetic layer at the Fe/Cu interface. Proximity effects between a thin antiferromagnet with a low Neel temperature and a neighboring ferromagnet with a higher Curie temperature are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RE Camley
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80933-7150, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lorenz R, Hafner J. Magnetic structure and anisotropy of thin Fe films on Cu(001) substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:15937-15949. [PMID: 9985663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
27
|
Bode M, Pascal R, Dreyer M, Wiesendanger R. Nanostructural and local electronic properties of Fe/W(110) correlated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R8385-R8388. [PMID: 9984601 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r8385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
28
|
Millev Y, Kirschner J. Reorientation transitions in ultrathin ferromagnetic films by thickness- and temperature-driven anisotropy flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:4137-4145. [PMID: 9986316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
29
|
MacIsaac AB, Whitehead JP, De'Bell K, Poole PH. Phase Diagram for a Magnetic Thin Film with Dipolar Interactions and Magnetic Surface Anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:739-742. [PMID: 10062890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
30
|
Hu X, Tao R, Kawazoe Y. Scaling properties of spin-reorientation transitions in magnetic thin films with surface anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:65-67. [PMID: 9984225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
31
|
Kirilyuk A, Giergiel J, Shen J, Straub M, Kirschner J. Growth of stabilized gamma -Fe films and their magnetic properties. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:1050-1063. [PMID: 9985373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
32
|
Bochi G, Ballentine CA, Inglefield HE, Thompson CV, O'Handley RC. Evidence for strong surface magnetoelastic anisotropy in epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu(001) sandwiches. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R1729-R1732. [PMID: 9983692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
33
|
Garreau G, Beaurepaire E, Ounadjela K, Farle M. Spin-reorientation transition in ultrathin Tb/Co films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:1083-1086. [PMID: 9983561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
34
|
Berger A, Hopster H. Nonequilibrium magnetization near the reorientation phase transition of Fe/Ag(100) films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:519-522. [PMID: 10061477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
35
|
Jensen PJ, Bennemann KH. Theory for the magnetic phase diagram of thin films: Role of domain formation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:16012-16019. [PMID: 9980981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
36
|
O'Brien WL, Tonner BP. Room-temperature magnetic phases of Fe on fcc Co(001) and Ni(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:15332-15340. [PMID: 9980890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
37
|
Huang JC, Liou Y, Yao YD, Yang WT, Chang CP, Liao SY, Hu YM. Large crystalline-induced magnetic anisotropy and field-direction-dependent magnetoresistance in Co(11-bar00)/Cr(211) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:13110-13113. [PMID: 9980491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
38
|
Kirilyuk A, Giergiel J, Shen J, Kirschner J. Unusual surfactant effect and the stability of pseudomorphic gamma -Fe films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:11672-11680. [PMID: 9980298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
39
|
Swineford RS, Pappas DP, Harris VG. Structure of C-stabilized fcc Fe on diamond: Epitaxial growth of austenite. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:7890-7893. [PMID: 9979781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
40
|
Giergiel J, Shen J, Woltersdorf J, Kirilyuk A, Kirschner J. Growth and morphology of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:8528-8534. [PMID: 9979857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.8528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
41
|
Schulte O, Klose F, Felsch W. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and temperature-dependent reorientation transition of the magnetization in CeH2/Fe multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:6480-6488. [PMID: 9981877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
42
|
Bochi G, Ballentine CA, Inglefield HE, Thompson CV, O'Handley RC, Hug HJ, Stiefel B, Moser A, Güntherodt H. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, domains, and misfit strain in epitaxial Ni/Cu1-xNix/Cu/Si (001) thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:7311-7321. [PMID: 9979674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
43
|
Bochi G, Hug HJ, Paul DI, Stiefel B, Moser A, Parashikov I, Güntherodt H, O'Handley RC. Magnetic Domain Structure in Ultrathin Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:1839-1842. [PMID: 10060404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
44
|
Booth I, MacIsaac AB, Whitehead JP, De'Bell K. Domain structures in ultrathin magnetic films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:950-953. [PMID: 10060159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
45
|
Berger A, Pang AW, Hopster H. Magnetic reorientation transition of Gd(0001)/W(110) films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1078-1089. [PMID: 9980685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
46
|
Moschel A, Usadel KD. Reorientation transitions of first and second order in thin ferromagnetic films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:16111-16114. [PMID: 9978593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
47
|
Keavney DJ, Storm DF, Freeland JW, Grigorov IL, Walker JC. Site-specific Mössbauer evidence of structure-induced magnetic phase transition in fcc Fe(100) thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4531-4534. [PMID: 10058530 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
48
|
Chui ST. Finite temperature transitions in 2D dipolar systems with uniaxial anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3896-3899. [PMID: 10058324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
49
|
Baudelet F, Lin M, Kuch W, Meinel K, Choi B, Schneider CM, Kirschner J. Perpendicular anisotropy and spin reorientation in epitaxial Fe/Cu3Au(100) thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:12563-12578. [PMID: 9978027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
50
|
Ciccacci F. Empty electronic states in magnetic thin films: Fe on Au(100), Ag(100), and Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:11538-11545. [PMID: 9977887 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|