1
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Geiger J, Grimm N, Fuchs M, Zumbusch A. Decoupling of rotation and translation at the colloidal glass transition. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014507. [PMID: 38958164 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In dense particle systems, the coupling of rotation and translation motion becomes intricate. Here, we report the results of confocal fluorescence microscopy where simultaneous recording of translational and rotational particle trajectories from a bidisperse colloidal dispersion is achieved by spiking the samples with rotational probe particles. The latter consist of colloidal particles containing two fluorescently labeled cores suited for tracking the particle's orientation. A comparison of the experimental data with event driven Brownian simulations gives insights into the system's structure and dynamics close to the glass transition and sheds new light onto the translation-rotation coupling. The data show that with increasing volume fractions, translational dynamics slows down drastically, whereas rotational dynamics changes very little. We find convincing agreement between simulation and experiments, even though the simulations neglect far-field hydrodynamic interactions. An additional analysis of the glass transition following mode coupling theory works well for the structural dynamics but indicates a decoupling of the diffusion of the smaller particle species. Shear stress correlations do not decorrelate in the simulated glass states and are not affected by rotational motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Geiger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Niklas Grimm
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Diaz Maier J, Wagner J. Rescaled mode-coupling scheme for the quantitative description of experimentally observed colloid dynamics. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064605. [PMID: 39020974 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We describe experimentally observed collective dynamics in colloidal suspensions of model hard-sphere particles using a modified mode coupling theory (MCT). This rescaled MCT is capable of describing quantitatively the wave-vector and time-dependent diffusion in these systems. Intermediate scattering functions of liquidlike structured dispersions are determined by means of static and dynamic light-scattering experiments. The structure and short-time dynamics of the systems can be described quantitatively employing a multicomponent Percus-Yevick ansatz for the partial structure factors and an effective, one-component description of hydrodynamic interactions based on the semianalytical δγ expansion. Combined with a recently proposed empirical modification of MCT in which memory functions are calculated using effective structure factors at rescaled number densities, the scheme is able to model the collective dynamics over the entire accessible time and wave-vector range and predicts the volume-fraction-dependence of long-time self-diffusion coefficients and the zero-shear viscosity quantitatively. This highlights the potential of MCT as a practical tool for the quantitative analysis and prediction of experimental observations.
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3
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Radić D, Peterlechner M, Spangenberg K, Posselt M, Bracht H. Challenges of Electron Correlation Microscopy on Amorphous Silicon and Amorphous Germanium. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1579-1594. [PMID: 37632736 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron correlation microscopy experiments were conducted on amorphous germanium (a-Ge) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) with the goal to study self-diffusion. For this purpose, a series of tilted dark-field images were acquired during in situ heating of the samples in a transmission electron microscope. These experiments show that the measurements are greatly affected by artefacts. Contamination, crystallization, electron beam-induced sputtering, and macroscopic bending of the samples pose major obstacles to the measurements. Other, more subtle experimental artefacts could occur in addition to these which makes interpretations regarding the structural dynamics nearly impossible. The data were nonetheless evaluated to see if some useful information could be extracted. One such result is that the distribution of the characteristic times τKWW, which were obtained from stretched exponential fits to the intensity autocorrelation data, is spatially heterogeneous. This spatial heterogeneity is assumed to be caused by a potential nonergodicity of the materials, the artefacts or an inhomogeneous amorphous structure. Further data processing shows that the characteristic times τKWW are moreover temperature independent, especially for the a-Ge data. It is concluded that the structural rearrangements over time are primarily electron beam-driven and that diffusive dynamics are too slow to be measured at the chosen, experimentally accessible annealing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Radić
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, 48149 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Martin Peterlechner
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, 48149 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Katharina Spangenberg
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, 48149 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Matthias Posselt
- Ion Induced Nanostructures, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Hartmut Bracht
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, 48149 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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4
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Scotti A, Schulte MF, Lopez CG, Crassous JJ, Bochenek S, Richtering W. How Softness Matters in Soft Nanogels and Nanogel Assemblies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11675-11700. [PMID: 35671377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Softness plays a key role in determining the macroscopic properties of colloidal systems, from synthetic nanogels to biological macromolecules, from viruses to star polymers. However, we are missing a way to quantify what the term "softness" means in nanoscience. Having quantitative parameters is fundamental to compare different systems and understand what the consequences of softness on the macroscopic properties are. Here, we propose different quantities that can be measured using scattering methods and microscopy experiments. On the basis of these quantities, we review the recent literature on micro- and nanogels, i.e. cross-linked polymer networks swollen in water, a widely used model system for soft colloids. Applying our criteria, we address the question what makes a nanomaterial soft? We discuss and introduce general criteria to quantify the different definitions of softness for an individual compressible colloid. This is done in terms of the energetic cost associated with the deformation and the capability of the colloid to isotropically deswell. Then, concentrated solutions of soft colloids are considered. New definitions of softness and new parameters, which depend on the particle-to-particle interactions, are introduced in terms of faceting and interpenetration. The influence of the different synthetic routes on the softness of nanogels is discussed. Concentrated solutions of nanogels are considered and we review the recent results in the literature concerning the phase behavior and flow properties of nanogels both in three and two dimensions, in the light of the different parameters we defined. The aim of this review is to look at the results on micro- and nanogels in a more quantitative way that allow us to explain the reported properties in terms of differences in colloidal softness. Furthermore, this review can give researchers dealing with soft colloids quantitative methods to define unambiguously which softness matters in their compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - M Friederike Schulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
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5
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Girelli A, Rahmann H, Begam N, Ragulskaya A, Reiser M, Chandran S, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Zhang F, Gutt C, Schreiber F. Microscopic Dynamics of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Domain Coarsening in a Protein Solution Revealed by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:138004. [PMID: 33861109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.138004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the interplay between liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and glass formation in biological systems is highly relevant for their structure formation and thus function, the exact underlying mechanisms are not well known. The kinetic arrest originates from the slowdown at the molecular level, but how this propagates to the dynamics of microscopic phase domains is not clear. Since with diffusion, viscoelasticity, and hydrodynamics, distinctly different mechanisms are at play, the dynamics needs to be monitored on the relevant time and length scales and compared to theories of phase separation. Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we determine the LLPS dynamics of a model protein solution upon low temperature quenches and find distinctly different dynamical regimes. We observe that the early stage LLPS is driven by the curvature of the free energy and speeds up upon increasing quench depth. In contrast, the late stage dynamics slows down with increasing quench depth, fingerprinting a nearby glass transition. The dynamics observed shows a ballistic type of motion, implying that viscoelasticity plays an important role during LLPS. We explore possible explanations based on the Cahn-Hilliard theory with nontrivial mobility parameters and find that these can only partially explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ragulskaya
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL, Holzkoppel 4,22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Lucco Castello F, Tolias P. Theoretical Estimate of the Glass Transition Line of Yukawa One-Component Plasmas. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030669. [PMID: 33525346 PMCID: PMC7865523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mode coupling theory of supercooled liquids is combined with advanced closures to the integral equation theory of liquids in order to estimate the glass transition line of Yukawa one-component plasmas from the unscreened Coulomb limit up to the strong screening regime. The present predictions constitute a major improvement over the current literature predictions. The calculations confirm the validity of an existing analytical parameterization of the glass transition line. It is verified that the glass transition line is an approximate isomorphic curve and the value of the corresponding reduced excess entropy is estimated. Capitalizing on the isomorphic nature of the glass transition line, two structural vitrification indicators are identified that allow a rough estimate of the glass transition point only through simple curve metrics of the static properties of supercooled liquids. The vitrification indicators are demonstrated to be quasi-universal by an investigation of hard sphere and inverse power law supercooled liquids. The straightforward extension of the present results to bi-Yukawa systems is also discussed.
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7
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Luo C, Janssen LMC. Generalized mode-coupling theory of the glass transition. I. Numerical results for Percus-Yevick hard spheres. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214507. [PMID: 33291925 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mode-coupling theory (MCT) constitutes one of the few first-principles-based approaches to describe the physics of the glass transition, but the theory's inherent approximations compromise its accuracy in the activated glassy regime. Here, we show that microscopic generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT), a recently proposed hierarchical framework to systematically improve upon MCT, provides a promising pathway toward a more accurate first-principles description of glassy dynamics. We present a comprehensive numerical analysis for Percus-Yevick hard spheres by performing explicitly wavenumber- and time-dependent GMCT calculations up to sixth order. Specifically, we calculate the location of the critical point, the associated non-ergodicity parameters, and the time-dependent dynamics of the density correlators at both absolute and reduced packing fractions, and we test several universal scaling relations in the α- and β-relaxation regimes. It is found that higher-order GMCT can successfully remedy some of MCT's pathologies, including an underestimation of the critical glass transition density and an overestimation of the hard-sphere fragility. Furthermore, we numerically demonstrate that the celebrated scaling laws of MCT are preserved in GMCT and that the predicted critical exponents manifestly improve as more levels are incorporated in the GMCT hierarchy. Although formally the GMCT equations should be solved up to infinite order to reach full convergence, our finite-order GMCT calculations unambiguously reveal a uniform convergence pattern for the dynamics. We thus argue that GMCT can provide a feasible and controlled means to bypass MCT's main uncontrolled approximation, offering hope for the future development of a quantitative first-principles theory of the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Luo
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Jain A, Schulz F, Lokteva I, Frenzel L, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Anisotropic and heterogeneous dynamics in an aging colloidal gel. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2864-2872. [PMID: 32108204 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a colloidal gel obtained by quenching a suspension of soft polymer-coated gold nanoparticles close to and below its gelation point using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). A faster relaxation process emergent from the localized motions of the nanoparticles reveals a dynamically-arrested network at the nanoscale as a key signature of the gelation process. We find that the slower network dynamics is hyperdiffusive with a compressed exponential form, consistent with stress-driven relaxation processes. Specifically, we use direction-dependent correlation functions to characterize the anisotropy in dynamics. We show that the anisotropy is greater for the gel close to its gelation point than at lower temperatures, and the anisotropy decreases as the gel ages. We quantify the anisotropic dynamical heterogeneities emergent in such a stress-driven dynamical system using higher order intensity correlations, and demonstrate that the aging phenomenon contributes significantly to the properties evaluated by the fluctuations in the intensity correlations. Our results provide important insights into the structural origin of the emergent anisotropic and cooperative heterogeneous dynamics, and we discuss analogies with previous work on other soft disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Smith GN, Derry MJ, Hallett JE, Lovett JR, Mykhaylyk OO, Neal TJ, Prévost S, Armes SP. Refractive index matched, nearly hard polymer colloids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20180763. [PMID: 31293354 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive index matched particles serve as essential model systems for colloid scientists, providing nearly hard spheres to explore structure and dynamics. The poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes typically used are often refractive index matched by dispersing them in binary solvent mixtures, but this can lead to undesirable changes, such as particle charging or swelling. To avoid these shortcomings, we have synthesized refractive index matched colloids using polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) rather than as polymer latexes. The crucial difference is that these diblock copolymer nanoparticles consist of a single core-forming polymer in a single non-ionizable solvent. The diblock copolymer chosen was poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PTFEMA), which self-assembles to form PTFEMA core spheres in n-alkanes. By monitoring scattered light intensity, n-tetradecane was found to be the optimal solvent for matching the refractive index of such nanoparticles. As expected for PISA syntheses, the diameter of the colloids can be controlled by varying the PTFEMA degree of polymerization. Concentrated dispersions were prepared, and the diffusion of the PSMA-PTFEMA nanoparticles as a function of volume fraction was measured. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are a promising new system of transparent spheres for future colloidal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - James E Hallett
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Joseph R Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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10
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Mishra CK, Habdas P, Yodh AG. Dynamic Heterogeneities in Colloidal Supercooled Liquids: Experimental Tests of Inhomogeneous Mode Coupling Theory. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5181-5188. [PMID: 31132279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics in supercooled liquids slow enormously upon approaching the glass transition, albeit without significant change of liquid structure. This empirical observation has stimulated development of many theoretical models which attempt to elucidate microscopic mechanisms in glasses and glass precursors. Here, quasi-two-dimensional colloidal supercooled liquids and glasses are employed to experimentally test predictions of widely used models: mode coupling theory (MCT) and its important extension, inhomogeneous MCT (IMCT). We measure two-point dynamic correlation functions in the glass forming liquids to determine structural relaxation times, τα, and mode coupling exponents, a, b, and γ; these parameters are then used to extract the mode coupling dynamic crossover packing area-fraction, ϕ c. This information, along with our measurements of supercooled liquid spatiotemporal dynamics, permits characterization of dynamic heterogeneities in the samples and facilitates direct experimental tests of the scaling predictions of IMCT. The time scales at which dynamic heterogeneities are largest, and their spatial sizes, exhibit power law growth on approaching ϕ c. Within experimental error, the exponents of the measured power laws are close to the predictions of IMCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Piotr Habdas
- Department of Physics , Saint Joseph's University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19131 , United States
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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11
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Philippe AM, Truzzolillo D, Galvan-Myoshi J, Dieudonné-George P, Trappe V, Berthier L, Cipelletti L. Glass transition of soft colloids. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:040601. [PMID: 29758608 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We explore the glassy dynamics of soft colloids using microgels and charged particles interacting by steric and screened Coulomb interactions, respectively. In the supercooled regime, the structural relaxation time τ_{α} of both systems grows steeply with volume fraction, reminiscent of the behavior of colloidal hard spheres. Computer simulations confirm that the growth of τ_{α} on approaching the glass transition is independent of particle softness. By contrast, softness becomes relevant at very large packing fractions when the system falls out of equilibrium. In this nonequilibrium regime, τ_{α} depends surprisingly weakly on packing fraction, and time correlation functions exhibit a compressed exponential decay consistent with stress-driven relaxation. The transition to this novel regime coincides with the onset of an anomalous decrease in local order with increasing density typical of ultrasoft systems. We propose that these peculiar dynamics results from the combination of the nonequilibrium aging dynamics expected in the glassy state and the tendency of colloids interacting through soft potentials to refluidize at high packing fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Marie Philippe
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Trappe
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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12
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Verwohlt J, Reiser M, Randolph L, Matic A, Medina LA, Madsen A, Sprung M, Zozulya A, Gutt C. Low Dose X-Ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy Reveals Nanoscale Dynamics in Radiation Sensitive Ionic Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:168001. [PMID: 29756927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
X-ray radiation damage provides a serious bottleneck for investigating microsecond to second dynamics on nanometer length scales employing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. This limitation hinders the investigation of real time dynamics in most soft matter and biological materials which can tolerate only x-ray doses of kGy and below. Here, we show that this bottleneck can be overcome by low dose x-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy. Employing x-ray doses of 22-438 kGy and analyzing the sparse speckle pattern of count rates as low as 6.7×10^{-3} per pixel, we follow the slow nanoscale dynamics of an ionic liquid (IL) at the glass transition. At the prepeak of nanoscale order in the IL, we observe complex dynamics upon approaching the glass transition temperature T_{G} with a freezing in of the alpha relaxation and a multitude of millisecond local relaxations existing well below T_{G}. We identify this fast relaxation as being responsible for the increasing development of nanoscale order observed in ILs at temperatures below T_{G}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Verwohlt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Lisa Randolph
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luis Aguilera Medina
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
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13
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Ziegert F, Koof M, Wagner J. A new class of copolymer colloids with tunable, low refractive index for investigations of structure and dynamics in concentrated suspensions. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Botin D, Mapa LM, Schweinfurth H, Sieber B, Wittenberg C, Palberg T. An empirical correction for moderate multiple scattering in super-heterodyne light scattering. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:204904. [PMID: 28571383 PMCID: PMC5444921 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency domain super-heterodyne laser light scattering is utilized in a low angle integral measurement configuration to determine flow and diffusion in charged sphere suspensions showing moderate to strong multiple scattering. We introduce an empirical correction to subtract the multiple scattering background and isolate the singly scattered light. We demonstrate the excellent feasibility of this simple approach for turbid suspensions of transmittance T ≥ 0.4. We study the particle concentration dependence of the electro-kinetic mobility in low salt aqueous suspension over an extended concentration regime and observe a maximum at intermediate concentrations. We further use our scheme for measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients in the fluid samples in the absence or presence of shear, as well as in polycrystalline samples during crystallization and coarsening. We discuss the scope and limits of our approach as well as possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Botin
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Bastian Sieber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Guzman-Sepulveda JR, Argueta-Morales R, DeCampli WM, Dogariu A. Real-time intraoperative monitoring of blood coagulability via coherence-gated light scattering. Nat Biomed Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lappala A, Zaccone A, Terentjev EM. Polymer glass transition occurs at the marginal rigidity point with connectivity z* = 4. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7330-7337. [PMID: 27517325 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We re-examine the physical origin of the polymer glass transition from the point of view of marginal rigidity, which is achieved at a certain average number of mechanically active intermolecular contacts per monomer. In the case of polymer chains in a melt/poor solvent, each monomer has two neighbors bound by covalent bonds and also a number of central-force contacts modelled by the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. We find that when the average number of contacts per monomer (covalent and non-covalent) exceeds the critical value z* ≈ 4, the system becomes solid and the dynamics arrested - a state that we declare the glass. Coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations show that at sufficient strength of LJ attraction (which effectively represents the depth of quenching, or the quality of solvent) the polymer globule indeed crosses the threshold of z*, and becomes a glass with a finite zero-frequency shear modulus, G∝ (z-z*). We verify this by showing the distinction between the 'liquid' polymer droplet at z < z*, which changes shape and adopts the spherical conformation in equilibrium, and the glassy 'solid' droplet at z > z*, which retains its shape frozen at the moment of z* crossover. These results provide a robust microscopic criterion to tell the liquid apart from the glass for the linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lappala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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17
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González-Mozuelos P. Effective electrostatic interactions among charged thermo-responsive microgels immersed in a simple electrolyte. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:054902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. González-Mozuelos
- Departamento de Física, Cinvestav del I. P. N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico, Distrito Federal, C. P. 07360, Mexico
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18
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Sellitto M. Crossover from β to α Relaxation in Cooperative Facilitation Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:225701. [PMID: 26650310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.225701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
β and α relaxation processes are dynamical scaling regimes of glassy systems occurring on two separate time scales which both diverge as the glass state is approached. We study here the crossover scaling from β to α relaxation in the cooperative facilitation scenario (CFS) and show that it is quantitatively described, with no adjustable parameter, by the leading order asymptotic formulas for scaling predicted by the mode-coupling theory (MCT). These results establish (i) the mutual universality of the MCT and CFS, and (ii) the existence of a purely dynamic realization of MCT, which is distinct from the well-established random first order transition scenario for disordered systems. Some implications of the emerging kinetic-static duality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sellitto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Seconda Università di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
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19
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Iglesias GR, Pirolt F, Tomšič M, Glatter O. Dynamics of liquid-crystalline emulsion droplets arrested in hydrogels: Addressing the multiple scattering problem in turbid systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Fractal free energy landscapes in structural glasses. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3725. [PMID: 24759041 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses are amorphous solids whose constituent particles are caged by their neighbours and thus cannot flow. This sluggishness is often ascribed to the free energy landscape containing multiple minima (basins) separated by high barriers. Here we show, using theory and numerical simulation, that the landscape is much rougher than is classically assumed. Deep in the glass, it undergoes a 'roughness transition' to fractal basins, which brings about isostaticity and marginal stability on approaching jamming. Critical exponents for the basin width, the weak force distribution and the spatial spread of quasi-contacts near jamming can be analytically determined. Their value is found to be compatible with numerical observations. This advance incorporates the jamming transition of granular materials into the framework of glass theory. Because temperature and pressure control what features of the landscape are experienced, glass mechanics and transport are expected to reflect the features of the topology we discuss here.
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21
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González-Mozuelos P, Guerrero-García GI, Olvera de la Cruz M. An exact method to obtain effective electrostatic interactions from computer simulations: The case of effective charge amplification. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Jacquin H, Zamponi F. Systematic expansion in the order parameter for replica theory of the dynamical glass transition. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:12A542. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Martinez VA, Bryant G, van Megen W. Aging dynamics of colloidal hard sphere glasses. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:114906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3478542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Shayeganfar F, Jabbari-Farouji S, Movahed MS, Jafari GR, Tabar MRR. Stochastic qualifier of gel and glass transitions in laponite suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:061404. [PMID: 20866418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the important similarities between gelation and glass transition makes it hard to distinguish between the two types of nonergodic states experimentally. Here, we report on a stochastic analysis of the scattered light intensity through a colloidal particles suspension during the gel and glass formation. In this analysis, we exploit the methods developed for complex hierarchical systems, such as turbulence. Using the multiplicative log-normal cascade models, we provide a criterion to distinguish gels from glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shayeganfar
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Fischer B, Autenrieth T, Wagner J. Highly charged inorganic-organic colloidal core-shell particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6201-6205. [PMID: 20355707 DOI: 10.1021/la903872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly defined, hybrid inorganic-organic colloidal core-shell particles consisting of a silica core and a shell of fluorinated acrylate are prepared in a two-step route. The core-shell structure of the particles is investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Because of highly acidic sulfonic acid surface groups resulting from the radical initiator sodium peroxodisulfate at the organic shell, long-range electrostatic interactions lead to the formation of liquidlike mesostructures. Increasing the effective interaction by reducing the next-neighbor distances induces a freezing of the liquidlike structures, i.e., a transition to crystalline and glassy structures. Because of the high electron density in the core and the fluorinated polymer shell, these particles are strong X-ray scatterers. In combination with the large number of effective charges and the outstanding monodispersity, these core-shell particles are a promising model system for the investigation of the glass transition by photon correlation spectroscopy employing coherent X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Fischer
- HASYLAB, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Arenas-Gómez BL, González-Mozuelos P. Charge renormalization of nanoparticles immersed in a molecular electrolyte. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:014903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3285645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Eral HB, van den Ende D, Mugele F, Duits MHG. Influence of confinement by smooth and rough walls on particle dynamics in dense hard-sphere suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:061403. [PMID: 20365171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We used video microscopy and particle tracking to study the dynamics of confined hard-sphere suspensions. Our fluids consisted of 1.1-microm-diameter silica spheres suspended at volume fractions of 0.33-0.42 in water-dimethyl sulfoxide. Suspensions were confined in a quasiparallel geometry between two glass surfaces: a millimeter-sized rough sphere and a smooth flat wall. First, as the separation distance (H) is decreased from 18 to 1 particle diameter, a transition takes place from a subdiffusive behavior (as in bulk) at large H, to completely caged particle dynamics at small H. These changes are accompanied by a strong decrease in the amplitude of the mean-square displacement (MSD) in the horizontal plane parallel to the confining surfaces. In contrast, the global volume fraction essentially remains constant when H is decreased. Second, measuring the MSD as a function of distance from the confining walls, we found that the MSD is not spatially uniform but smaller close to the walls. This effect is the strongest near the smooth wall where layering takes place. Although confinement also induces local variations in volume fraction, the spatial variations in MSD can be attributed only partially to this effect. The changes in MSD are predominantly a direct effect of the confining surfaces. Hence, both the wall roughness and the separation distance (H) influence the dynamics in confined geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Eral
- Physics of Complex Fluids, IMPACT Institute, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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28
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Di Cola E, Moussaïd A, Sztucki M, Narayanan T, Zaccarelli E. Correlation between structure and rheology of a model colloidal glass. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:144903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3240345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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van Megen W, Martinez VA, Bryant G. Arrest of flow and emergence of activated processes at the glass transition of a suspension of particles with hard spherelike interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:168301. [PMID: 19518760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.168301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By combining aspects of the coherent and self-intermediate scattering functions, we show that the arrest of particle number density fluctuations spreads from the position of the main structure factor peak. We propose that this arrest impairs the system's ability to respond to diffusing momentum currents, leading to an enhanced resistance to flow. From the stretching of the coherent intermediate scattering functions in the glass, we read a manifestation of the undissipated thermal energy-the source of the ergodicity restoring processes that short-circuit the sharp transition to a perfect glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Megen
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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30
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Haro-Pérez C, Rojas-Ochoa LF, Castañeda-Priego R, Quesada-Pérez M, Callejas-Fernández J, Hidalgo-Alvarez R, Trappe V. Dynamic arrest in charged colloidal systems exhibiting large-scale structural heterogeneities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:018301. [PMID: 19257245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.018301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of charged liposomes are found to exhibit typical features of strongly repulsive fluid systems at short length scales, while exhibiting structural heterogeneities at larger length scales that are characteristic of attractive systems. We model the static structure factor of these systems using effective pair interaction potentials composed of a long-range attraction and a shorter range repulsion. Our modeling of the static structure yields conditions for dynamically arrested states at larger volume fractions, which we find to agree with the experimentally observed dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haro-Pérez
- Grupo de Física de Fluidos y Biocoloides, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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31
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Atakhorrami M, Mizuno D, Eiser E, Wegdam GH, Mackintosh FC, Bonn D, Schmidt CF. High-bandwidth viscoelastic properties of aging colloidal glasses and gels. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:061402. [PMID: 19256836 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the frequency-dependent shear moduli of aging colloidal systems that evolve from a purely low-viscosity liquid to a predominantly elastic glass or gel. Using microrheology, we measure the local complex shear modulus G;{*}(omega) over a very wide range of frequencies (from 1Hzto100kHz ). The combined use of one- and two-particle microrheology allows us to differentiate between colloidal glasses and gels-the glass is homogenous, whereas the colloidal gel shows a considerable degree of heterogeneity on length scales larger than 0.5microm . Despite this characteristic difference, both systems exhibit similar rheological behaviors which evolve in time with aging, showing a crossover from a single-power-law frequency dependence of the viscoelastic modulus to a sum of two power laws. The crossover occurs at a time t_{0} , which defines a mechanical transition point. We found that the data acquired during the aging of different samples can be collapsed onto a single master curve by scaling the aging time with t_{0} . This raises questions about the prior interpretation of two power laws in terms of a superposition of an elastic network embedded in a viscoelastic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jabbari-Farouji
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Tanaka H, Wegdam GH, Bonn D. Multiple nonergodic disordered states in Laponite suspensions: a phase diagram. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:061405. [PMID: 19256839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the time evolution of different Laponite suspensions from a low-viscosity ergodic state to a viscoelastic nonergodic state over a wide range of volume fractions and salt contents. We find that the evolution of nonergodicity parameter (Debye-Waller factor) splits into two branches for all the samples, which correspond to two distinct dynamically arrested states. At moderately high salt concentrations, on the other hand, a third nonergodic state appears that is different from the above two nonergodic states. Measurement of the conductivity of Laponite solutions in pure water shows that the contribution of counterions in the ionic strength is considerable and their role should be taken into account in interpretations of aging dynamics and the phase diagram. Based on these data and available data in the literature, we propose a (nonequilibrium) phase diagram for Laponite suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jabbari-Farouji
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1018XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Wang C, Stratt RM. Global perspectives on the energy landscapes of liquids, supercooled liquids, and glassy systems: The potential energy landscape ensemble. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:224503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2801994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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35
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Yeomans-Reyna L, Chávez-Rojo MA, Ramírez-González PE, Juárez-Maldonado R, Chávez-Páez M, Medina-Noyola M. Dynamic arrest within the self-consistent generalized Langevin equation of colloid dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:041504. [PMID: 17994991 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a recently developed theory of colloid dynamics as an alternative approach to the description of phenomena of dynamic arrest in monodisperse colloidal systems. Such theory, referred to as the self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (SCGLE) theory, was devised to describe the tracer and collective diffusion properties of colloidal dispersions in the short- and intermediate-time regimes. Its self-consistent character, however, introduces a nonlinear dynamic feedback, leading to the prediction of dynamic arrest in these systems, similar to that exhibited by the well-established mode coupling theory of the ideal glass transition. The full numerical solution of this self-consistent theory provides in principle a route to the location of the fluid-glass transition in the space of macroscopic parameters of the system, given the interparticle forces (i.e., a nonequilibrium analog of the statistical-thermodynamic prediction of an equilibrium phase diagram). In this paper we focus on the derivation from the same self-consistent theory of the more straightforward route to the location of the fluid-glass transition boundary, consisting of the equation for the nonergodic parameters, whose nonzero values are the signature of the glass state. This allows us to decide if a system, at given macroscopic conditions, is in an ergodic or in a dynamically arrested state, given the microscopic interactions, which enter only through the static structure factor. We present a selection of results that illustrate the concrete application of our theory to model colloidal systems. This involves the comparison of the predictions of our theory with available experimental data for the nonergodic parameters of model dispersions with hard-sphere and with screened Coulomb interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yeomans-Reyna
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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36
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Wegdam GH, Bonn D. Gels and glasses in a single system: evidence for an intricate free-energy landscape of glassy materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:065701. [PMID: 17930840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.065701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the free-energy landscape picture of glassy systems, their slow dynamics is due to a complicated free-energy landscape with many local minima. We show that for a colloidal glassy material multiple paths can be taken through the free-energy landscape. The evolution of the nonergodicity parameter shows two distinct master curves that we identify as gels and glasses. We show that for a range of colloid concentrations, the transition to nonergodicity can occur in either direction (gel or glass), accompanied by "hesitations" between the two. Thus, colloidal gels and glasses are merely global free-energy minima in the same free-energy landscape, and the paths leading to these minima can be complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jabbari-Farouji
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1018XE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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37
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Guo H, Wilking JN, Liang D, Mason TG, Harden JL, Leheny RL. Slow, nondiffusive dynamics in concentrated nanoemulsions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:041401. [PMID: 17500888 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Using multispeckle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we have measured the slow, wave-vector-dependent dynamics of concentrated, disordered nanoemulsions composed of silicone oil droplets in water. The intermediate scattering function possesses a compressed exponential line shape and a relaxation time that varies inversely with wave vector. We interpret this dynamics as strain in response to local stress relaxation. The motion includes a transient component whose characteristic velocity decays exponentially with time following a mechanical perturbation of the nanoemulsions and a second component whose characteristic velocity is essentially independent of time. The steady-state characteristic velocity is surprisingly insensitive to the droplet volume fraction in the concentrated regime, indicating that the strain motion is only weakly dependent on the droplet-droplet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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38
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Tarzia M, Coniglio A. Lamellar order, microphase structures, and glassy phase in a field theoretic model for charged colloids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:011410. [PMID: 17358153 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.011410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a detailed analytical study of the phase diagram and of the structural properties of a field theoretic model with a short-range attraction and a competing long-range screened repulsion. We provide a full derivation and expanded discussion and digression on results previously reported briefly in M. Tarzia and A. Coniglio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075702 (2006). The model contains the essential features of the effective interaction potential among charged colloids in polymeric solutions. We employ the self-consistent Hartree approximation and a replica approach, and we show that varying the parameters of the repulsive potential and the temperature yields a phase coexistence, a lamellar and a glassy phase. Our results suggest that the cluster phase observed in charged colloids might be the signature of an underlying equilibrium lamellar phase, hidden on experimental time scales, and emphasize that the formation of microphase structures may play a prominent role in the process of colloidal gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche and INFN sezione di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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39
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van Megen W. Crystallisation and the glass transition in suspensions of hard colloidal spheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00411459508203943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. van Megen
- a Department of Applied Physicsm , Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Victoria , 3000 , Australia
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40
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Shibayama M. Universality and Specificity of Polymer Gels Viewed by Scattering Methods. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Liu R, Gao X, Oppermann W. Dynamic light scattering studies on random cross-linking of polystyrene in semi-dilute solution. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Lo Verso F, Likos CN, Mayer C, Reatto L. Effect of attraction on the dynamical arrest of soft colloids. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600976733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Wu J, Cao J. High-order mode-coupling theory for the colloidal glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:078301. [PMID: 16196831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.078301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical approach is developed to derive a hierarchy of mode-coupling equations for the dynamics of concentrated colloidal suspensions, which improves the prediction of the colloidal glass transition. Our derivation is based on a matrix formalism for stochastic dynamics and the resulting recursive expressions for irreducible memory functions. The 1st order truncation of the generalized mode-coupling closure recovers mode-coupling theory, whereas its 2nd and 3rd order truncations provide corrections. The predictions of the transition volume fraction and Debye-Waller parameter for the hard-sphere colloidal system improve with the increasing mode-coupling order and compare favorably with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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44
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Smith WE, Zukoski CF. Hard structured particles: suspension synthesis, characterization, and compressibility. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:11191-11200. [PMID: 15568875 DOI: 10.1021/la0489864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hard interactions are developed on three grades of fumed silica by eliminating interparticle forces and sterically stabilizing the particles by attaching an organic coating to the surface of the particles, suspending them in an index-matching solvent and screening the electrostatics. These hard-structured particles are studied to understand the effects of the particle's microstructure on suspension properties without the influence of interparticle forces other than volume exclusion, Brownian, and hydrodynamic interactions. Light and X-ray scattering studies of low-volume-fraction suspensions suggest that the fumed silicas consist of primary particle of radius of gyration R(g1) approximately equals 16 nm and aggregate size R(g2) approximately 50 nm and mass fractal dimension D(f) approximately equals 2.2. Osmotic compressibilities of these suspensions are measured as a function of particle concentration exploring the packing mechanism of fumed silica. While there is minimal detectable change in the primary particle size, R(g2) varies by approximately 15%, providing insight into how suspension properties are related to particle size. As expected of hard particles with the same microstructure, the concentration dependence on the osmotic pressure superimposes with volume fraction of solids. The comparison of fumed-silica-suspension measurements to the known behavior of hard-sphere suspensions demonstrates the effects of particle geometry on suspension properties with indications of interpenetration of the fumed silica due to their open geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Kumar A, Wu J. Structural and dynamic properties of colloids near jamming transition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pham KN, Egelhaaf SU, Pusey PN, Poon WCK. Glasses in hard spheres with short-range attraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:011503. [PMID: 14995624 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.011503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed experimental study of the structure and dynamics of glassy states in hard spheres with short-range attraction. The system is a suspension of nearly hard-sphere colloidal particles and nonadsorbing linear polymer which induces a depletion attraction between the particles. Observation of crystallization reveals a reentrant glass transition. Static light scattering shows a continuous change in the static structure factors upon increasing attraction. Dynamic light scattering results, which cover 11 orders of magnitude in time, are consistent with the existence of two distinct kinds of glasses, those dominated by interparticle repulsion and caging, and those dominated by attraction. Samples close to the "A3 point" predicted by mode coupling theory for such systems show very slow, logarithmic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Pham
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Voigtmann T. Dynamics of colloidal glass-forming mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:051401. [PMID: 14682795 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental results from dynamic light scattering on two-component colloidal mixtures close to the glass transition are compared to theory. In the framework of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition, close agreement is found in general. Discrepancies are identified for the minority-particle correlation function, and possible reasons for them are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Voigtmann
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Szamel G. Colloidal glass transition: beyond mode-coupling theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:228301. [PMID: 12857344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.228301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new theory for the dynamics of concentrated colloidal suspensions and the colloidal glass transition is proposed. The starting point is the memory function representation of the density correlation function. The memory function can be expressed in terms of a time-dependent pair-density correlation function. An exact, formal equation of motion for this function is derived and a factorization approximation is applied to its evolution operator. In this way a closed set of equations for the density correlation function and the memory function is obtained. The theory predicts an ergodicity breaking transition similar to that predicted by mode-coupling theory, but at a higher density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szamel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA
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Bagatella-Flores N, González-Mozuelos P. Effective pair potentials in charged molecular systems: Water mediated interactions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1503333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Krakoviack V, Alba-Simionesco C. What can be learned from the schematic mode-coupling approach to experimental data? J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1489895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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