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Schouder CA, Chatterley AS, Pickering JD, Stapelfeldt H. Laser-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Aligned Molecules and Molecular Dimers. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:323-347. [PMID: 35081323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-053627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We discuss how Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI), triggered by intense femtosecond laser pulses and combined with laser-induced alignment and covariance analysis of the angular distributions of the recoiling fragment ions, provides new opportunities for imaging the structures of molecules and molecular complexes. First, focusing on gas phase molecules, we show how the periodic torsional motion of halogenated biphenyl molecules can be measured in real time by timed CEI, and how CEI of one-dimensionally aligned difluoroiodobenzene molecules can uniquely identify four structural isomers. Next, focusing on molecular complexes formed inside He nanodroplets, we show that the conformations of noncovalently bound dimers or trimers, aligned in one or three dimensions, can be determined by CEI. Results presented for homodimers of CS2, OCS, and bromobenzene pave the way for femtosecond time-resolved structure imaging of molecules undergoing bimolecular interactions and ultimately chemical reactions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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2
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Abstract
High-harmonic generation is a cornerstone of nonlinear optics. It has been demonstrated in dielectrics, semiconductors, semi-metals, plasmas, and gases, but, until now, not in metals. Here we report high harmonics of 800-nm-wavelength light irradiating metallic titanium nitride film. Titanium nitride is a refractory metal known for its high melting temperature and large laser damage threshold. We show that it can withstand few-cycle light pulses with peak intensities as high as 13 TW/cm2, enabling high-harmonics generation up to photon energies of 11 eV. We measure the emitted vacuum ultraviolet radiation as a function of the crystal orientation with respect to the laser polarization and show that it is consistent with the anisotropic conduction band structure of titanium nitride. The generation of high harmonics from metals opens a link between solid and plasma harmonics. In addition, titanium nitride is a promising material for refractory plasmonic devices and could enable compact vacuum ultraviolet frequency combs.
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Ekanayake N, Nairat M, Kaderiya B, Feizollah P, Jochim B, Severt T, Berry B, Pandiri KR, Carnes KD, Pathak S, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Ben-Itzhak I, Mancuso CA, Fales BS, Jackson JE, Levine BG, Dantus M. Mechanisms and time-resolved dynamics for trihydrogen cation (H 3+) formation from organic molecules in strong laser fields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4703. [PMID: 28680157 PMCID: PMC5498647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong-field laser-matter interactions often lead to exotic chemical reactions. Trihydrogen cation formation from organic molecules is one such case that requires multiple bonds to break and form. We present evidence for the existence of two different reaction pathways for H3+ formation from organic molecules irradiated by a strong-field laser. Assignment of the two pathways was accomplished through analysis of femtosecond time-resolved strong-field ionization and photoion-photoion coincidence measurements carried out on methanol isotopomers, ethylene glycol, and acetone. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest the formation occurs via two steps: the initial formation of a neutral hydrogen molecule, followed by the abstraction of a proton from the remaining CHOH2+ fragment by the roaming H2 molecule. This reaction has similarities to the H2 + H2+ mechanism leading to formation of H3+ in the universe. These exotic chemical reaction mechanisms, involving roaming H2 molecules, are found to occur in the ~100 fs timescale. Roaming molecule reactions may help to explain unlikely chemical processes, involving dissociation and formation of multiple chemical bonds, occurring under strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagitha Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Balram Kaderiya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Peyman Feizollah
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Bethany Jochim
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Ben Berry
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Kanaka Raju Pandiri
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Kevin D Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Christopher A Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - B Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
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4
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Floß J, Averbukh IS. Exciting Molecules Close to the Rotational Quantum Resonance: Anderson Wall and Rotational Bloch Oscillations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3206-17. [PMID: 26799273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a universal behavior of linear molecules excited by a periodic train of short laser pulses under conditions close to the quantum resonance. The quantum resonance effect causes an unlimited ballistic growth of the angular momentum. We show that a disturbance of the quantum resonance, either by the centrifugal distortion of the rotating molecules or a controlled detuning of the pulse train period from the so-called rotational revival time, eventually halts the growth by causing Anderson localization beyond a critical value of the angular momentum, the Anderson wall. Below the wall, the rotational excitation oscillates with the number of pulses due to a mechanism similar to Bloch oscillations in crystalline solids. We suggest optical experiments capable of observing the rotational Anderson wall and Bloch oscillations at near-ambient conditions with the help of existing laser technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Floß
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Physics Theory Group, University of Toronto , 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Egodapitiya KN, Li S, Jones RR. Terahertz-induced field-free orientation of rotationally excited molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:103002. [PMID: 24679286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used picosecond THz pulses to induce transient field-free orientation of OCS molecules. Coherent optical Raman excitation prepares the molecules in rotational superposition states prior to THz irradiation, substantially enhancing the degree of orientation. The time-dependent alignment and orientation are characterized via Coulomb explosion in an intense probe laser. The degree of OCS orientation is an order of magnitude larger than previously observed following THz irradiation and is achieved with a significantly smaller THz field.The field-free orientation level is comparable to that generated using pulsed, two-color laser fields but is obtained with negligible target ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Egodapitiya
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
| | - R R Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
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6
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Wang C, Wang B, Okunishi M, Roeterdink W, Ding D, Zhu R, Prümper G, Shimada K, Ueda K. Ion–ion coincidence imaging of dissociative ionization dynamics of formic acid in intense laser fields. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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8
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Roither S, Xie X, Kartashov D, Zhang L, Schöffler M, Xu H, Iwasaki A, Okino T, Yamanouchi K, Baltuska A, Kitzler M. High energy proton ejection from hydrocarbon molecules driven by highly efficient field ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:163001. [PMID: 21599363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ejection of energetic protons from a series of polyatomic hydrocarbon molecules exposed to 790 nm 27 fs laser pulses. Using multiparticle coincidence imaging we were able to decompose the observed proton energy spectra into the contributions of individual fragmentation channels. It is shown that the molecules can completely fragment already at relatively low peak intensities of a few 10(14) W/cm(2), and that the protons are ejected in a concerted Coulomb explosion from unexpectedly high charge states. The observations are in agreement with enhanced ionization taking place at many C-H bonds in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roither
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, EU
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10
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Loh ZH, Leone SR. Ultrafast strong-field dissociative ionization dynamics of CH2Br2 probed by femtosecond soft x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2925268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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11
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Xu N, Wu C, Ma R, Huang J, Wu Z, Liang Q, Yang H, Gong Q. Dynamic alignment of C2H4 investigated by using two linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1717-24. [PMID: 16952460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have studied multielectron ionization and Coulomb explosion of C2H4 irradiated by 110 fs, 800 nm laser pulses at an intensity of approximately 10(15) W/cm2. Strong anisotropic angular distributions were observed for the atomic ions Cn+(n = 1-3). Based on the results of two crossed linearly polarized laser pulses, we conclude that such anisotropic angular distributions result from dynamic alignment, in which the rising edge of the laser pulses aligns the neutral C2H4 molecules along the laser polarization direction. The angular distribution of the exploding fragments, therefore, reflects the degree of the alignment of molecules before ionization. Using the same femtosecond laser with intensity below the ionization threshold, the alignment of C2H4 molecules was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Huang J, Wu C, Xu N, Liang Q, Wu Z, Yang H, Gong Q. Field-Induced Alignment of Oxygen and Nitrogen by Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10179-84. [PMID: 16928105 DOI: 10.1021/jp062391v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Field-induced alignment of O2 and N2 was experimentally studied with laser intensities varying from 10(13) to 10(15) W/cm2. When the laser intensity was below the ionization threshold for these molecules, the interaction between the induced dipole moment of molecules and the laser electric field aligned the molecules along the laser polarization direction. After extinction of the exciting laser, the transient alignment revived periodically. Thus macroscopic ensembles of highly aligned O2 and N2 molecules were obtained under field-free conditions. When the laser intensity exceeded the ionization threshold for these molecules, multielectron ionization and Coulomb explosion occurred. Using two linearly polarized laser pulses with crossed polarization, we demonstrated that the rising edge of the laser pulse aligned the molecules along the laser polarization direction prior to ionization, which resulted in strong anisotropic angular distributions of exploding fragments. These results suggest that the degree of alignment should be taken into account when qualitatively comparing the ion yield of these molecules with their companion atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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15
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Kosmidis C, Siozos P, Kaziannis S, Robson L, Ledingham KWD, McKenna P, Jaroszynski DA. Interaction Mechanism of Some Alkyl Iodides with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1279-85. [PMID: 16833441 DOI: 10.1021/jp045500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of 1-iodopropane, 2-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 1-iodopentane with (5 x 10(13-)5 x 10(15) W/cm2) femtosecond laser fields is studied by means of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is found that multiphoton ionization (MPI) and field ionization (FI) processes are involved in the molecular ionization. The contribution of these processes can be distinguished using the peak profile of the ions in the mass spectra. Thus, from the mass spectra of 2-iodoropane and 2-iodobutane, it is concluded that MPI processes are taking place even for Keldysh parameter values gamma approximately 0.3. The field ionization process depends on the characteristics of the molecular binding potential well and leads to an asymmetric charge distribution of the transient multiply charged parent ions. In the case of 1-iodobutane, the MPI processes lead to a stable doubly charged parent ion production with a laser intensity threshold higher than that found for I2+ ions. In addition, the isomers studied exhibit distinct differences in their mass spectra and their origin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kosmidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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16
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Abstract
There has been much progress in the control of chemical reactions since methods of active control were first proposed by Brumer & Shapiro and by Tannor & Rice ten years ago. This chapter reviews both theoretical and experimental advances in the field. Control schemes based on quantum mechanical interference between competing paths and the manipulation of wave packets with tailored laser pulses are discussed. The theory of optimal control, the limitations of control theory applied to many-body dynamics, and the effects of constraints on the trajectory of the controlled observable are presented. Experimental progress in controlling the population of specific quantum states, in manipulating the dynamics of bound wave packets, and in the control of chemical reactions are reviewed, and current problems in the field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gordon
- Department of Chemistry (m/c 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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17
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Ohmura H, Nakanaga T, Tachiya M. Coherent control of photofragment separation in the dissociative ionization of IBr. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:113002. [PMID: 15089130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated coherent control of the dissociative ionization of IBr using phase-controlled two-color omega+2omega laser pulses with an intensity of 1.0 x 10(12) W/cm and a pulse duration of 130 fs. The directional asymmetries of the photofragment angular distributions showed oscillation behavior dependent on the relative phase difference between the omega and 2omega pulses. The phase dependencies of the directional asymmetries observed for iodine ions and bromine ions were out of phase with each other. This result shows that a phase-controlled omega+2omega optical field can produce molecular orientation in which the optical field discriminates between parallel and antiparallel configuration of molecules that have a permanent dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ohmura
- Photoreaction Control Research Center, National Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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18
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Ohmura H, Nakanaga T. Quantum control of molecular orientation by two-color laser fields. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:5176-80. [PMID: 15267388 DOI: 10.1063/1.1644102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate molecular orientation by using phase-controlled two-color omega+2omega laser pulses with an intensity of 1.0x10(12) W/cm(2) and a pulse duration of 130 fs. The orientation of three iodine-containing molecules (IBr, CH(3)I, and C(3)H(5)I) was monitored by the directional asymmetries of the photofragment angular distribution in dissociative ionization. In all three molecules, the directional asymmetry showed an oscillating behavior dependent on the relative phase difference between omega and 2omega pulses. The phase dependence of the directional asymmetry observed in iodine ions and counterpart ions were out of phase with each other. This result shows that a phase-controlled omega+2omega optical field discriminates between parallel and antiparallel configurations of aligned molecules that have a permanent dipole. This method performed well because (1) molecular orientation can be achieved by all-optical fields; (2) the direction of orientation is easily switched by changing the sign of the quantum interference; and (3) this method is free from any resonance constraint and thus can be applied to any molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ohmura
- Photoreaction Control Research Center, National Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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19
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Dooley PW, Bhardwaj VR, Rayner DM, Corkum PB. Optically Timed Submillimeter Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:262-6. [PMID: 14719869 DOI: 10.1021/ac034621x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that using intense femtosecond laser pulses to optically time ion flight can lead to a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer. After laser ionization, the molecular ion is accelerated by a static electric field and detected using a second, delayed laser pulse. The relative positions of the two laser foci determine the ion flight distance while the time separation of the laser pulses fixes the ion flight time. We mass-resolve CS(2) or C(6)H(6) isotopes after a flight distance of 360 microm using either double ionization or Coulomb explosion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Dooley
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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20
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Elghobashi N, Manz J. Separating the photofragments of randomly oriented symmetric reactants by IR + UV laser pulses: Quantum simulations for FHF− → F + FH +e. Isr J Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1560/e0hm-yab4-qkmq-f48t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Légaré F, Litvinyuk IV, Dooley PW, Quéré F, Bandrauk AD, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB. Time-resolved double ionization with few cycle laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:093002. [PMID: 14525179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of D2 launches a vibrational wave packet on the ground state of D+2. Removal of the second electron places a pair of D+ ions onto a Coulombic potential. Measuring the D+ kinetic energy determines the time delay between the first and the second ionization. Caught between a falling ionization and a rapidly rising intensity, the typical lifetime of the D+2 intermediate is less than 5 fs when an intense 8.6 fs laser pulse is used. We simulate Coulomb explosion imaging of the ground state wave function of D2 by a 4 fs optical pulse and compare with our experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Légaré
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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22
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Abstract
Multiphoton excitation in a two-level system is exceedingly weak because of small multiphoton coupling strengths, large ac Stark shifts, and ionization. I will discuss a three-level system in which the ac Stark shift is greatly reduced and the multiphoton coupling strength is greatly enhanced over a two-level system, to such an extent that multiphoton pi pulses can be produced. I will also present two-electron calculations in a model potential, including ionization that shows a 12-photon pi pulse driven with 800-nm photons. This three-level configuration may provide the basis for an amplifying medium in the vacuum ultraviolet, as well as multiphoton adiabatic passage and innershell ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Gibson
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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23
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Lezius M. A B-TOF mass spectrometer for the analysis of ions with extreme high start-up energies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:305-312. [PMID: 11921372 DOI: 10.1002/jms.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic deflection is combined with two acceleration stage time-of-flight mass spectrometry and subsequent position-sensitive ion detection. The experimental method, called B-TOF mass spectrometry, is described with respect to its theoretical background and some experimental results. It is demonstrated that the technique has distinct advantages over other approaches, with special respect to the identification and analysis of very highly energetic ions with an initially large energy broadening (up to 1 MeV) and with high charge states (up to 30+). Similar energetic targets are a common case in intense laser-matter interaction processes found during laser ablation, laser-cluster and laser-molecule interaction and fast particle and x-ray generation from laser-heated plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lezius
- Institute for Ion Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Frasinski LJ, Plumridge J, Posthumus JH, Codling K, Taday PF, Divall EJ, Langley AJ. Counterintuitive alignment of H2(+) in intense femtosecond laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2541-2544. [PMID: 11289975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The multiphoton ionization of H2 has been studied using laser pulses of 266 nm wavelength, 250 fs duration, and 5x10(13) W/cm(2) peak intensity. Dissociation of H2(+) via one-photon absorption proceeds through two channels with markedly different proton angular distributions. The lower-energy channel (2.6 eV kinetic energy release) is produced in the bond softening mechanism, which generates parallel alignment. The higher-energy channel (3.5 eV) originates from population trapping in a light-induced bound state, where bond hardening generates orthogonal, counterintuitive alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Frasinski
- J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, United Kingdom.
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25
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Lezius M, Blanchet V, Rayner DM, Villeneuve DM, Stolow A, Ivanov MY. Nonadiabatic Multielectron Dynamics in Strong Field Molecular Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:51-54. [PMID: 11136091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a general strong field ionization mechanism due to highly nonadiabatic multielectron excitation dynamics in polyatomic molecules. We observe that such excitation mechanisms greatly affect molecular ionization, fragmentation, and energetics. We characterized this phenomenon as a function of optical frequency, intensity, and molecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lezius
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Frohnmeyer T, Hofmann M, Strehle M, Baumert T. Mapping molecular dynamics (Na2) in intense laser fields: another dimension to femtochemistry. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Levis RJ, DeWitt MJ. Photoexcitation, Ionization, and Dissociation of Molecules Using Intense Near-Infrared Radiation of Femtosecond Duration. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984543v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Merrick J. DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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29
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Spatial alignment of molecules by intense, linearly-polarized light fields and the effects of space charge. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Châteauneuf F, Nguyen-Dang TT, Ouellet N, Atabek O. Dynamical quenching of field-induced dissociation of H2+ in intense infrared lasers. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Strong field atomic and molecular interactions can be understood by following electronic dynamics inside the laser cycle. This quasistatic perspective introduces the subfemtosecond time scale into strong-field dynamics through time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer surfaces. We discuss both theoretical and experimental results in atomic and molecular ionization and dissociation with applications to femtochemistry. An all-optical Coulomb explosion method for determining time-dependent molecular structure and properties is demonstrated. The concept of time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer surfaces is used to study molecular dissociation and exchange reactions in infrared fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Corkum
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, M-23A Montreal Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Dietrich P, Ivanov MY, Ilkov FA, Corkum PB. Two-Electron Dissociative Ionization of H2 and D2 in Infrared Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:4150-4153. [PMID: 10062461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ivanov M, Seideman T, Corkum P, Ilkov F, Dietrich P. Explosive ionization of molecules in intense laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:1541-1550. [PMID: 9913624 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Machholm M, Suzor‐Weiner A. Pulse length control of Na+2 photodissociation by intense femtosecond lasers. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kumar GR, Gross P, Safvan CP, Rajgara FA, Mathur D. Molecular pendular states in intense laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:3098-3102. [PMID: 9913248 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Watson RL, Sampoll G, Horvat V, Heber O. Kinetic-energy release in the dissociative capture-ionization of CO molecules by 97-MeV Ar14+ ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:1187-1190. [PMID: 9912999 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Charron E, Giusti-Suzor A, Mies FH. Coherent control of isotope separation in HD+ photodissociation by strong fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:2815-2818. [PMID: 10059412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Numico R, Keller A, Atabek O. Laser-induced molecular alignment in dissociation dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:1298-1309. [PMID: 9912368 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Friedrich B, Herschbach D. Alignment and trapping of molecules in intense laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4623-4626. [PMID: 10058557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Cornaggia C, Schmidt M, Normand D. Laser-induced nuclear motions in the Coulomb explosion of C2H2+ ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1431-1437. [PMID: 9911728 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Aubanel E, Bandrauk A. Orbital alignment and electron control in photodissociation products by two-color laser interference. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Charron E, Giusti-Suzor A, Mies FH. Fragment angular distribution in one- and two-color photodissociation by strong laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:R641-R644. [PMID: 9910395 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.r641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Aubanel EE, Conjusteau A, Bandrauk AD. Effect of rotations on stabilization in high-intensity photodissociation of H2+. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:4011-4014. [PMID: 9910091 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Aubanel EE, Gauthier JM, Bandrauk AD. Molecular stabilization and angular distribution in photodissociation of H2+ in intense laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:2145-2152. [PMID: 9909835 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Charron E, Giusti-Suzor A, Mies FH. Two-color coherent control of H2+ photodissociation in intense laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:692-695. [PMID: 10055342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Luk TS, Tate DA, Boyer K, Rhodes CK. Comparison of kinetic-energy distributions and ionic fragment yields of CO2 and N2O arising from Coulomb explosions induced by multiphoton ionization and fast-ion impact. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:1359-1363. [PMID: 9909742 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ivanov MY, Corkum PB. Generation of high-order harmonics from inertially confined molecular ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:580-590. [PMID: 9909631 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Dietrich P, Strickland DT, Laberge M, Corkum PB. Molecular reorientation during dissociative multiphoton ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 47:2305-2311. [PMID: 9909184 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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