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Nelli D, Pietrucci F, Ferrando R. Impurity diffusion in magic-size icosahedral clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144304. [PMID: 34654289 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic diffusion is at the basis of chemical ordering transformations in nanoalloys. Understanding the diffusion mechanisms at the atomic level is therefore a key issue in the study of the thermodynamic behavior of these systems and, in particular, of their evolution from out-of-equilibrium chemical ordering types often obtained in the experiments. Here, the diffusion is studied in the case of a single-atom impurity of Ag or Au moving within otherwise pure magic-size icosahedral clusters of Cu or Co by means of two different computational techniques, i.e., molecular dynamics and metadynamics. Our simulations reveal unexpected diffusion pathways, in which the displacement of the impurity is coupled with the creation of vacancies in the central part of the cluster. We show that the observed mechanism is quite different from the vacancy-mediated diffusion processes identified so far, and we demonstrate that it can be related to the presence of non-homogeneous compressive stress in the inner part of the icosahedral structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Fabio Pietrucci
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Genova and CNR-IMEM, via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italy
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2
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Schuett FM, Heubach MK, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20461-20468. [PMID: 34197037 PMCID: PMC8456931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of rechargeable zinc/air batteries was a hot topic in recent years. Predominantly, the influence of water and additives on the structure of the Zn deposit and the possible dendrite formation were studied. However, the effect of the surface structure of the underlying substrate was not focused on in detail, yet. We now show the differences in electrochemical deposition of Zn onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The fundamental processes were initially characterized via cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy. Bulk deposits were then examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different structures of Zn deposits are observed during the initial stages of electrocrystallisation on both electrodes, which reveals the strong influence of the crystallographic orientation on the metal deposition of zinc on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Schuett FM, Heubach M, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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4
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Wu ZP, Shan S, Zang SQ, Zhong CJ. Dynamic Core-Shell and Alloy Structures of Multimetallic Nanomaterials and Their Catalytic Synergies. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2913-2924. [PMID: 33170638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMultimetallic nanomaterials containing noble metals (NM) and non-noble 3d-transition metals (3d-TMs) exhibit unique catalytic properties as a result of the synergistic combination of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanostructure. The exploration of such a synergy depends heavily on the understanding of the atomic-scale structural details of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanomaterials. This has attracted a great deal of recent interest in the field of catalysis science, especially concerning the core-shell and alloy nanostructures. A rarely asked question of fundamental significance is how the core-shell and alloy structural arrangements of atoms in the multimetallic nanomaterials dynamically change under reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, surface adsorbate, chemical environment, applied electrochemical potential, etc. The dynamic evolution of the core-shell/alloy structures under the reaction conditions plays a crucial role in the catalytic performance of the multimetallic nanocatalysts.This Account focuses on the dynamic structure characteristics for several different types of composition-tunable alloy and core-shell nanomaterials, including phase-segregated, elemental-enriched, dynamically evolved, and structurally different core-shell structures. In addition to outlining core-shell/alloy structure formation via processes such as seed-mediated growth, thermochemical calcination, adsorbate-induced evolution, chemical dealloying, underpotential deposition/galvanic displacement, etc., this Account will highlight the progress in understanding the dynamic core-shell/alloy structures under chemical or catalytic reaction conditions, which has become an important focal point of the research fronts in catalysis and electrocatalysis. The employment of advanced techniques, especially in situ/operando synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analyses, has provided significant insights into the dynamic evolution processes of NM/3d-TM nanocatalysts under electrocatalytic or fuel cell operating conditions. Examples will highlight Pt- or Pd-based nanoparticles and nanowires alloyed with various 3d-TMs with a focus on their structural evolution under reaction conditions. While the dynamic process is complex, the ability to gain an insight into the evolution of core-shell and alloy structures under the catalytic reaction condition is essential for advancing the design of multimetallic nanocatalysts. This Account serves as a springboard from fundamental understanding of the core-shell and alloy structural dynamics to the various applications of nanostructured catalysts/electrocatalysts, especially in the fronts of energy and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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5
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Kobayashi K, Yasuda H. Formation mechanism of 2a × 2a long-range ordered structure in 1T-TiSe2 induced by electron beam irradiation and its spontaneous enlargement. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Petkov V, Maswadeh Y, Vargas JA, Shan S, Kareem H, Wu ZP, Luo J, Zhong CJ, Shastri S, Kenesei P. Deviations from Vegard's law and evolution of the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Pt-based nanoalloys inside fuel cells by in operando X-ray spectroscopy and total scattering. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5512-5525. [PMID: 30860531 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts for energy related applications, in particular metallic nanoalloys, readily undergo atomic-level changes during electrochemical reactions. The origin, dynamics and implications of the changes for the catalysts' activity inside fuel cells though are not well understood. This is largely because they are studied on model nanoalloy structures under controlled laboratory conditions. Here we use combined synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy and total scattering to study the dynamic behaviour of nanoalloys of Pt with 3d-transition metals as they function at the cathode of an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Results show that the composition and atomic structure of the nanoalloys change profoundly, from the initial state to the active form and further along the cell operation. The electrocatalytic activity of the nanoalloys also changes. The rate and magnitude of the changes may be rationalized when the limits of traditional relationships used to connect the composition and structure of nanoalloys with their electrocatalytic activity and stability, such as Vegard's law, are recognized. In particular, deviations from the law inherent for Pt-3d metal nanoalloys can well explain their behaviour under operating conditions. Moreover, it appears that factors behind the remarkable electrocatalytic activity of Pt-3d metal nanoalloys, such as the large surface to unit volume ratio and "size misfit" of the constituent Pt and 3d-transition metal atoms, also contribute to their instability inside fuel cells. The new insight into the atomic-level evolution of nanoalloy electrocatalysts during their lifetime is likely to inspire new efforts to stabilize transient structure states beneficial to their activity and stability under operating conditions, if not synthesize them directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA.
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7
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Size dependence of vacancy migration energy in ionic nano particles: A potential energy landscape perspective. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Petkov V, Prasai B, Shan S, Ren Y, Wu J, Cronk H, Luo J, Zhong CJ. Structural dynamics and activity of nanocatalysts inside fuel cells by in operando atomic pair distribution studies. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10749-10767. [PMID: 27160891 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the results from a study aimed at clarifying the relationship between the atomic structure and activity of nanocatalysts for chemical reactions driving fuel cells, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In particular, using in operando high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) we tracked the evolution of the atomic structure and activity of noble metal-transition metal (NM-TM) nanocatalysts for ORR as they function at the cathode of a fully operational proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Experimental HE-XRD data were analysed in terms of atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) and compared to the current output of the PEMFC, which was also recorded during the experiments. The comparison revealed that under actual operating conditions, NM-TM nanocatalysts can undergo structural changes that differ significantly in both length-scale and dynamics and so can suffer losses in their ORR activity that differ significantly in both character and magnitude. Therefore we argue that strategies for reducing ORR activity losses should implement steps for achieving control not only over the length but also over the time-scale of the structural changes of NM-TM NPs that indeed occur during PEMFC operation. Moreover, we demonstrate how such a control can be achieved and thereby the performance of PEMFCs improved considerably. Last but not least, we argue that the unique capabilities of in operando HE-XRD coupled to atomic PDF analysis to characterize active nanocatalysts inside operating fuel cells both in a time-resolved manner and with atomic level resolution, i.e. in 4D, can serve well the ongoing search for nanocatalysts that deliver more with less platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA.
| | - Binay Prasai
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA.
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Hannah Cronk
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
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9
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Lv P, Lu Z, Li S, Ma D, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Tuning metal cluster catalytic activity with morphology and composition: a DFT study of O2 dissociation at the global minimum of PtmPdn (m + n = 5) clusters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic property for O2 dissociation of the pure Pt5 cluster can be further improved by introducing the Pd atoms based on the morphology and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Zhansheng Lu
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Dongwei Ma
- School of Physics
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Zongxian Yang
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications
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10
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Prasai B, Wilson AR, Wiley BJ, Ren Y, Petkov V. On the road to metallic nanoparticles by rational design: bridging the gap between atomic-level theoretical modeling and reality by total scattering experiments. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17902-17922. [PMID: 26463562 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which current theoretical modeling alone can reveal real-world metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic level was scrutinized and demonstrated to be insufficient and how it can be improved by using a pragmatic approach involving straightforward experiments is shown. In particular, 4 to 6 nm in size silica supported Au(100-x)Pd(x) (x = 30, 46 and 58) explored for catalytic applications is characterized structurally by total scattering experiments including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled to atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Atomic-level models for the NPs are built by molecular dynamics simulations based on the archetypal for current theoretical modeling Sutton-Chen (SC) method. Models are matched against independent experimental data and are demonstrated to be inaccurate unless their theoretical foundation, i.e. the SC method, is supplemented with basic yet crucial information on the length and strength of metal-to-metal bonds and, when necessary, structural disorder in the actual NPs studied. An atomic PDF-based approach for accessing such information and implementing it in theoretical modeling is put forward. For completeness, the approach is concisely demonstrated on 15 nm in size water-dispersed Au particles explored for bio-medical applications and 16 nm in size hexane-dispersed Fe48Pd52 particles explored for magnetic applications as well. It is argued that when "tuned up" against experiments relevant to metals and alloys confined to nanoscale dimensions, such as total scattering coupled to atomic PDF analysis, rather than by mere intuition and/or against data for the respective solids, atomic-level theoretical modeling can provide a sound understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships in real-world metallic NPs. Ultimately this can help advance nanoscience and technology a step closer to producing metallic NPs by rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binay Prasai
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA.
| | - A R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - B J Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA.
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11
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Liu X, Zhang X, Bo M, Li L, Tian H, Nie Y, Sun Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Zheng W, Sun CQ. Coordination-resolved electron spectrometrics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6746-810. [PMID: 26110615 DOI: 10.1021/cr500651m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Liu
- †Institute of Coordination Bond Metrology and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- ‡Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Maolin Bo
- §Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies (Ministry of Education) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Lei Li
- ∥School of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- ∥School of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanguang Nie
- ⊥School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Sun
- #Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shiqing Xu
- †Institute of Coordination Bond Metrology and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Wang
- ∇School of Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- ∥School of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chang Q Sun
- ○NOVITAS, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Usón L, Sebastian V, Mayoral A, Hueso JL, Eguizabal A, Arruebo M, Santamaria J. Spontaneous formation of Au-Pt alloyed nanoparticles using pure nano-counterparts as starters: a ligand and size dependent process. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10152-61. [PMID: 25985914 PMCID: PMC4447060 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01819f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the formation of PtAu monodisperse alloyed nanoparticles by ageing pure metallic Au and Pt small nanoparticles (sNPs), nanoparticle size <5 nm, under certain conditions. We demonstrate that those bimetallic entities can be obtained by controlling the size of the initial metallic sNPs separately prepared and by selecting their appropriate capping agents. The formation of this spontaneous phenomenon was studied using HR-STEM, EDS, ionic conductivity, UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Depending on the type of capping agent used and the size of the initial Au sNPs, three different materials were obtained: (i) AuPt bimetallic sNPs showing a surface rich in Au atoms, (ii) segregated Au and Pt sNPs and (iii) a mixture of bimetallic nanoparticles as well as Pt sNPs and Au NPs. Surface segregation energies and the nature of the reaction environment are the driving forces to direct the distribution of atoms in the bimetallic sNPs. PtAu alloyed nanoparticles were obtained after 150 h of reaction at room temperature if a weak capping agent was used for the stabilization of the nanoparticles. It was also found that Au atoms diffuse towards Pt sNPs, producing a surface enriched in Au atoms. This study shows that even pure nanoparticles are prone to be modified by the surrounding nanoparticles to give rise to new nanomaterials if atomic diffusion is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Usón
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red , C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , Pabellón 11 , 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) , Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA) , Universidad de Zaragoza , Mariano Esquillor I+D , 50018, Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Jose L. Hueso
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red , C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , Pabellón 11 , 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Eguizabal
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red , C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , Pabellón 11 , 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology , University of Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor , s/n , I+D+i Building , 50018 , Zaragoza , Spain . ; ; Fax: +34 976 761879 ; Tel: +34 876555441
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red , C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , Pabellón 11 , 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Bagga K, Brougham DF, Keyes TE, Brabazon D. Magnetic and noble metal nanocomposites for separation and optical detection of biological species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:27968-80. [PMID: 26024367 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoalloys and nanocomposites are widely studied classes of nanomaterials within the context of biological systems. They are of immense interest because of the possibility of tuning the optical, magnetic, electronic and chemical properties through particle composition and internal architecture. In principle these properties can therefore be optimized for application in biological detections such as of DNA sequences, bacteria, viruses, antibodies, antigens, and cancer cells. This article presents an overview of methods currently used for nanoalloy and nanocomposite synthesis and characterisation, focusing on Au-Ag and FexOy@Au structures as primary components in detection platforms for plasmonic and magnetically enabled plasmonic bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bagga
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Ireland.
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14
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Biring SK, Sharma R, Chaudhury P. A new adaptive mutation simulated annealing algorithm: application to the study of pure and mixed Pt–Pd clusters. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 52:368-397. [DOI: 10.1007/s10910-013-0268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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15
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Yin H, Wang Q, Geburt S, Milz S, Ruttens B, Degutis G, D'Haen J, Shan L, Punniyakoti S, D'Olieslaeger M, Wagner P, Ronning C, Boyen HG. Controlled synthesis of ultrathin ZnO nanowires using micellar gold nanoparticles as catalyst templates. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7046-7053. [PMID: 23807664 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple and effective approach to control the diameter of ultrathin ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratios and high densities over large areas. Diblock copolymer-based nanoparticle arrays exhibiting a high degree of hexagonal order and offering easy control of particle size (typically 1-10 nm) and interparticle spacing (25-150 nm) are utilized as nanocatalysts for the subsequent growth of semiconductor nanowires. The as-grown ZnO nanowires exhibit a single crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure and grow along the [0002] direction. Facetted catalyst particles were observed at the tip of the nanowires after synthesis, thus suggesting a catalyst-assisted vapor-solid-solid (VSS) rather than a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism, the latter being frequently used in semiconductor nanowire production. Such a growth process allows us to easily prepare ultrathin ZnO nanowires with tunable diameters well below 10 nm by taking advantage of the inherent size control of the micellar method during deposition of the catalyst nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy reveals a phonon confinement effect as the diameter of nanowires decreases. Photoluminescence spectra of these ultrathin nanowires indicate a blue shift of the free excitons and their phonon replicas by 37 meV induced by quantum confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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16
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Nishimura S, Yakita Y, Katayama M, Higashimine K, Ebitani K. The role of negatively charged Au states in aerobic oxidation of alcohols over hydrotalcite supported AuPd nanoclusters. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kobayashi H, Morita H, Yamauchi M, Ikeda R, Kitagawa H, Kubota Y, Kato K, Takata M, Toh S, Matsumura S. Nanosize-induced drastic drop in equilibrium hydrogen pressure for hydride formation and structural stabilization in Pd-Rh solid-solution alloys. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12390-3. [PMID: 22799891 DOI: 10.1021/ja305031y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized homogeneous solid-solution alloy nanoparticles of Pd and Rh, which are immiscible with each other in the equilibrium bulk state at around room temperature. The Pd-Rh alloy nanoparticles can absorb hydrogen at ambient pressure and the hydrogen pressure of Pd-Rh alloys for hydrogen storage is dramatically decreased by more than 4 orders of magnitude from the corresponding pressure in the metastable bulk state. The solid-solution state is still maintained in the nanoparticles even after hydrogen absorption/desorption, in contrast to the metastable bulks which are separated into Pd and Rh during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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18
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Kobayashi H, Yamauchi M, Kitagawa H. Finding Hydrogen-Storage Capability in Iridium Induced by the Nanosize Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6893-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Division of
Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki,
Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki,
Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- International Institute for
Carbon Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-3095,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of
Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki,
Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
- INAMORI
Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-3095,
Japan
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19
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Aguado A, López JM. Identifying structural and energetic trends in isovalent core-shell nanoalloys as a function of composition and size mismatch. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:134305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3645105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Srivastava C, Sinha SK. Ultra fine scale phase separated microstructure for Ag–Fe nanoparticle. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Kobayashi H, Morita H, Yamauchi M, Ikeda R, Kitagawa H, Kubota Y, Kato K, Takata M. Nanosize-Induced Hydrogen Storage and Capacity Control in a Non-Hydride-Forming Element: Rhodium. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11034-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2027772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Miho Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ikeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-3095, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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22
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Zhang H, Okuni J, Toshima N. One-pot synthesis of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles with Au shell and their high catalytic activity for aerobic glucose oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 354:131-8. [PMID: 21067768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PVP-protected Ag(core)/Au(shell) bimetallic nanoparticles of enough small size, i.e., 1.4nm in diameter were synthesized in one-vessel using simultaneous reduction of the corresponding ions with rapid injection of NaBH(4), and characterized by HR-TEM. The Ag(core)/Au(shell) bimetallic nanoparticles show a high and durable catalytic activity for the aerobic glucose oxidation, and the catalyst can be stably kept for more than 2months under ambient conditions. The highest activity (16,890mol-glucoseh(-1)mol-metal(-1)) was observed for the bimetallic nanoparticles with Ag/Au atomic ratio of 2/8, the TOF value of which is several times higher than that of Au nanoparticles with nearly the same particle size. The higher catalytic activity of the prepared bimetallic nanoparticles than the usual Au nanoparticles can be ascribed to: (1) the small average diameter, usually less than 2.0nm, and (2) the electronic charge transfer effect from adjacent Ag atoms and protecting PVP to Au active sites. In contrast, the Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles, synthesized by dropwise addition of NaBH(4) into the starting solution and having the large mean particle size, showed a low catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Yamaguchi, SanyoOnoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
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24
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Aguado A, López JM. Structure determination in 55-atom Li–Na and Na–K nanoalloys. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:094302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3479396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguado
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
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25
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Niiyama T, Shimizu Y, Kobayashi TR, Okushima T, Ikeda KS. Effect of translational and angular momentum conservation on energy equipartition in microcanonical equilibrium in small clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:051101. [PMID: 19518410 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate numerically and analytically the effects of conservation of total translational and angular momentum on the distribution of kinetic energy among particles in microcanonical particle systems with small number of degrees of freedom, specifically microclusters. Molecular dynamics simulations of microclusters with constant total energy and momenta, using Lennard-Jones, Morse, and Coulomb plus Born-Mayer-type potentials, show that the distribution of kinetic energy among particles can be inhomogeneous and depend on particle mass and position even in thermal equilibrium. Statistical analysis using a microcanonical measure taking into account of the additional conserved quantities gives theoretical expressions for kinetic energy as a function of the mass and position of a particle with only O(1/N;{2}) deviation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. These expressions fit numerical results well. Finally, we propose an intuitive interpretation for the inhomogeneity of the kinetic energy distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Niiyama
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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26
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Yasuda H, Tanaka A, Matsumoto K, Nitta N, Mori H. Formation of porous GaSb compound nanoparticles by electronic-excitation-induced vacancy clustering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:105506. [PMID: 18352206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Porous semiconductor compound nanoparticles have been prepared by a new technique utilizing electronic excitation. The porous structures are formed in GaSb particles, when vacancies are efficiently introduced by electronic excitation and the particle size is large enough to confine the vacancy clusters. The capture cross section of the surface layer in particles for the vacancies is smaller than that for the interstitials. Under the condition of supersaturation of vacancies in the particle core, porous structures are produced through the vacancy clusters to a void formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yasuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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27
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Grigorieva TF, Barinova AP, Lyakhov NZ. Mechanochemical synthesis of intermetallic compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2001v070n01abeh000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Niiyama T, Shimizu Y, Kobayashi TR, Okushima T, Ikeda KS. Inhomogeneity of local temperature in small clusters in microcanonical equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:014102. [PMID: 17678154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.014102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Overall homogeneity of temperature is a condition for thermal equilibrium, but, as is demonstrated by classical molecular dynamics simulations, the local temperatures of atoms in small, isolated crystalline clusters in microcanonical equilibrium are not uniform. The effective temperature determined from individual atomic velocity decreases with distance from the cluster center. It is argued that these effects are due to the conservation of angular and translational momentum. A general microcanonical expression is derived for the spatial dependence of the statistics of the kinetic energies of individual atoms; this fits the numerical observations well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Niiyama
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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29
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Zhang J, Liu H, Wang Z, Ming N. Preparation and optical properties of silica@Ag–Cu alloy core-shell composite colloids. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Zhao GF, Zeng Z. Geometrical and electronic structures of AumAgn (2⩽m+n⩽8). J Chem Phys 2006; 125:014303. [PMID: 16863294 DOI: 10.1063/1.2210470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of Au(m)Ag(n) binary clusters (2 < or = m + n < or = 8) have been investigated by density functional theory with relativistic effective core potentials. The results indicate that Au atoms tend to occupy the surface of Au(m)Ag(n) clusters (n > or = 2 and m > or = 2). As a result, segregation of small or big bimetallic clusters can be explained according to the atomic mass. The binding energies of the most stable Au(m)Ag(n) clusters increase with increasing m+n. The vertical ionization potentials of the most stable Au(m)Ag(n) clusters show odd-even oscillations with changing m+n. The possible dissociation channels of the clusters considered are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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31
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Chen H, Peng HC, Liu R, Hu S, Jang LY. Local structural characterization of Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Borchers C, Müller S, Stichtenoth D, Schwen D, Ronning C. Catalyst−Nanostructure Interaction in the Growth of 1-D ZnO Nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:1656-60. [PMID: 16471729 DOI: 10.1021/jp054476m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vapor-liquid-solid is a well-established process in catalyst guided growth of 1-D nanostructures, i.e., nanobelts and nanowires. The catalyst particle is generally believed to be in the liquid state during growth, and is the site for impinging molecules. The crystalline structure of the catalyst may not have any influence on the structure of the grown nanostructures. In this work, using Au guided growth of ZnO, we show that the interfaces between the catalyst droplet and the nanostructure grow in well-defined mutual crystallographic relationships. The nanostructure defines the crystallographic orientation of the solidifying Au droplet. Possible alloy, intermetallic, or eutectic phase formation during catalysis are elucidated with the help of a proposed ternary Au-Zn-O phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borchers
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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33
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34
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35
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Rapallo A, Rossi G, Ferrando R, Fortunelli A, Curley BC, Lloyd LD, Tarbuck GM, Johnston RL. Global optimization of bimetallic cluster structures. I. Size-mismatched Ag–Cu, Ag–Ni, and Au–Cu systems. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:194308. [PMID: 16161574 DOI: 10.1063/1.1898223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic algorithm approach is applied to the optimization of the potential energy of a wide range of binary metallic nanoclusters, Ag-Cu, Ag-Ni, Au-Cu, Ag-Pd, Ag-Au, and Pd-Pt, modeled by a semiempirical potential. The aim of this work is to single out the driving forces that make different structural motifs the most favorable at different sizes and chemical compositions. Paper I is devoted to the analysis of size-mismatched systems, namely, Ag-Cu, Ag-Ni, and Au-Cu clusters. In Ag-Cu and Ag-Ni clusters, the large size mismatch and the tendency of Ag to segregate at the surface of Cu and Ni lead to the location of core-shell polyicosahedral minimum structures. Particularly stable polyicosahedral clusters are located at size N = 34 (at the composition with 27 Ag atoms) and N = 38 (at the composition with 32 and 30 Ag atoms). In Ag-Ni clusters, Ag32Ni13 is also shown to be a good energetic configuration. For Au-Cu clusters, these core-shell polyicosahedra are less common, because size mismatch is not reinforced by a strong tendency to segregation of Au at the surface of Cu, and Au atoms are not well accommodated upon the strained polyicosahedral surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Rapallo
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC/CNR), Via Bassini 15, 120133, Milano, Italy
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36
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Boyen HG, Ethirajan A, Kästle G, Weigl F, Ziemann P, Schmid G, Garnier MG, Büttner M, Oelhafen P. Alloy formation of supported gold nanoparticles at their transition from clusters to solids: does size matter? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:016804. [PMID: 15698114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.016804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters of a size approaching the molecular limit (<3 nm) were prepared on Si substrates in order to study alloy formation on the nanometer scale. For this purpose, indium atoms are deposited on top of the gold particles at room temperature and the formation of AuIn(2) is studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in situ. It is observed that the alloy formation takes place independent of whether the particles electronically are in an insulating molecular or in a metallic state. Most important, however, closed packed full-shell clusters containing 55 Au atoms are found to exhibit an outstanding stability against alloying despite a large negative heat of formation of the bulk Au-In system. Thus, Au(55) clusters may play a significant role in the design of nanoscaled devices where chemical inertness is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Boyen
- Abteilung Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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37
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Kapoor S, Joshi R, Mukherjee T. Absorption spectrum of the trimer silver cluster Ag32+ and metal nanoparticles in microemulsion. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Shibata T, Bunker BA, Zhang Z, Meisel D, Vardeman CF, Gezelter JD. Size-dependent spontaneous alloying of Au-Ag nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:11989-96. [PMID: 12358545 DOI: 10.1021/ja026764r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on systematic studies of size-dependent alloy formation of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution at ambient temperature using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). Various Au-core sizes (2.5-20 nm diameter) and Ag shell thicknesses were synthesized using radiolytic wet techniques. The equilibrium structures (alloy versus core-shell) of these NPs were determined in the suspensions. We observed remarkable size dependence in the room temperature interdiffusion of the two metals. The interdiffusion is limited to the subinterface layers of the bimetallic NPs and depends on both the core size and the total particle size. For the very small particles (< or =4.6 nm initial Au-core size), the two metals are nearly randomly distributed within the particle. However, even for these small Au-core NPs, the interdiffusion occurs primarily in the vicinity of the original interface. Features from the Ag shells do remain. For the larger particles, the boundary is maintained to within one monolayer. These results cannot be explained either by enhanced self-diffusion that results from depression of the melting point with size or by surface melting of the NPs. We propose that defects, such as vacancies, at the bimetallic interface enhance the radial migration (as well as displacement around the interface) of one metal into the other. Molecular dynamics calculations correctly predict the activation energy for diffusion of the metals in the absence of vacancies and show an enormous dependence of the rate of mixing on defect levels. They also suggest that a few percent of the interfacial lattice sites need to be vacant to explain the observed mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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39
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Lee JS, Nam JG, Knorr P. Synthesis and consolidation of γ-Ni-Fe nanoalloy powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03026040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Lee WH, Shen P. Formation of ceria partially stabilized zirconia nanocrystals by laser evaporation-condensation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1163/156855299x00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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42
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Okada M, Yoshimoto H, Nishioka K. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Self Diffusion in Microclusters. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029508022008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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44
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Yasuda H, Mori H. Cluster-size dependence of alloying behavior in gold clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01426588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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