1
|
Wang Y, Desroches GJ, Macfarlane RJ. Ordered polymer composite materials: challenges and opportunities. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:426-443. [PMID: 33367442 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites containing nanoscale fillers are an important class of materials due to their ability to access a wide variety of properties as a function of their composition. In order to take full advantage of these properties, it is critical to control the distribution of nanofillers within the parent polymer matrix, as this structural organization affects how the two constituent components interact with one another. In particular, new methods for generating ordered arrays of nanofillers represent a key underexplored research area, as emergent properties arising from nanoscale ordering can be used to introduce novel functionality currently inaccessible in random composites. The knowledge gained from developing such methods will provide important insight into the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with nanomaterial and polymer assembly. These insights will not only benefit researchers working on new composite materials, but will also deepen our understanding of soft matter systems in general. In this review, we summarize contemporary research efforts in manipulating nanofiller organization in polymer nanocomposites and highlight future challenges and opportunities for constructing ordered nanocomposite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Griffen J Desroches
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vorselaars B, Spencer RKW, Matsen MW. Instability of the Microemulsion Channel in Block Copolymer-Homopolymer Blends. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:117801. [PMID: 32976007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Field theoretic simulations are used to predict the equilibrium phase diagram of symmetric blends of AB diblock copolymer with A- and B-type homopolymers. Experiments generally observe a channel of bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) separating the ordered lamellar (LAM) phase from coexisting homopolymer-rich (A+B) phases. However, our simulations find that the channel is unstable with respect to macrophase separation, in particular, A+B+BμE coexistence at high T and A+B+LAM coexistence at low T. The preference for three-phase coexistence is attributed to a weak attractive interaction between diblock monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vorselaars
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Russell K W Spencer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Physics & Astronomy, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark W Matsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Physics & Astronomy, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yi C, Yang Y, Liu B, He J, Nie Z. Polymer-guided assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:465-508. [PMID: 31845685 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles is of great importance in realizing their enormous potentials for broad applications due to the advanced collective properties of nanoparticle ensembles. Various molecular ligands (e.g., small molecules, DNAs, proteins, and polymers) have been used to assist the organization of inorganic nanoparticles into functional structures at different hierarchical levels. Among others, polymers are particularly attractive for use in nanoparticle assembly, because of the complex architectures and rich functionalities of assembled structures enabled by polymers. Polymer-guided assembly of nanoparticles has emerged as a powerful route to fabricate functional materials with desired mechanical, optical, electronic or magnetic properties for a broad range of applications such as sensing, nanomedicine, catalysis, energy storage/conversion, data storage, electronics and photonics. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in the polymer-guided self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles in both bulk thin films and solution, with an emphasis on the role of polymers in the assembly process and functions of resulting nanostructures. Precise control over the location/arrangement, interparticle interaction, and packing of inorganic nanoparticles at various scales are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ben Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China and Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Lu X. Interfacial Irreversibly and Loosely Adsorbed Layers Abide by Different Evolution Dynamics. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1426-1431. [PMID: 35651186 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Within the interfacial region of the substrate, polymer chains can form the inner irreversibly adsorbed and outer loosely adsorbed layers upon annealing. Owing to their different constrained environments, the evolution dynamics of the two layers are supposedly different. To trace such evolution dynamics, we thus resorted to sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, using polystyrene (PS) with a series of molar masses on sapphire substrates. By plotting the integrated SFG intensity as a function of the annealing time, we found that the inner irreversibly adsorbed layer had two segmental evolution processes (replacement and local structural relaxation), and the outer loosely adsorbed layer had the monotonical evolution dynamics (structural relaxation), with both evolving toward the dissipation of the interfacial molecular order of the backbones. A critical evolution time was defined for the inner irreversibly adsorbed layer, and a characteristic relaxation time was defined for the outer loosely adsorbed layer. With respect to the molar mass, phenomenologically, both the critical evolution time and the characteristic relaxation time show an asymptotic increase. In summary, this SFG investigation provides the first-hand experimental data on understanding the structural evolution dynamics of the interfacial adsorbed polymer chains, which would gradually split up into the irreversibly adsorbed layer and loosely adsorbed layer upon annealing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindsay BJ, Composto RJ, Riggleman RA. Equilibrium Field Theoretic Study of Nanoparticle Interactions in Diblock Copolymer Melts. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9466-9480. [PMID: 31589049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymer matrices are often used to control nanoparticle (NP) dispersion behavior, but the effects of diblock domain interfaces on particle-particle interactions have not been well characterized. In this paper, polymer field theoretic simulations are used to quantify interactions between both bare and grafted spherical NPs in microphase-separated A-B diblock copolymers. It is shown that for bare NPs that have an athermal interaction with and a diameter similar to the B domain, the presence of an A-B interface leads to an effective interaction between the particles with multiple minima separated by a free energy barrier. It is further shown that these effects primarily result from chain stretching and compression near the A-B interface induced by particle-particle interactions as opposed to increases in A-B contact at the interfaces. Grafted chains largely prevent these effects and reduce particle-particle interaction strength. When confined by diblock domain interfaces, grafted chains have a reduced extension compared to what is expected for de-wetted brush chains, as commonly described in homopolymer results. Finally, these studies indicate a new route toward linking spherical NPs in a controlled fashion, allowing for tunable plasmonic properties in the case of metallic NPs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Lu X. Evolution of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layer Promotes Dewetting of Polystyrene Film on Sapphire. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Phase Separation, Wetting and Dewetting in PS/PVME Blend Thin Films: Dependence on Film Thickness and Composition Ratio. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Gollanapalli V, Manthri A, Sankar UK, Tripathy M. Dispersion, Phase Separation, and Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Nanorod Composites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Gollanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Anirudh Manthri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Uma K. Sankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Tripathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Current interest in functional assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) stems from their collective properties and diverse applications ranging from nanomedicines to optically active metamaterials. Coating the surface of NPs with polymers allows for tailoring of the interactions between NPs to assemble them into hybrid nanocomposites with targeted architectures. This class of building blocks is termed "hairy" inorganic NPs (HINPs). Regiospecific attachment of polymers has been used to achieve directional interactions for HINP assembly. However, to date anisotropic surface functionalization of NPs still remains a challenge. This Account provides a review of the recent progress in the self-assembly of isotropically functionalized HINPs in both the condensed state and aqueous solution as well as the applications of assembled structures in such areas as biomedical imaging and therapy. It aims to provide fundamental mechanistic insights into the correlation between structural characteristics and self-assembly behaviors of HINPs, with an emphasis on HINPs made from NPs grafted with linear block copolymer (BCP) brushes. The key to the anisotropic self-assembly of these HINPs is the generation of directional interactions between HINPs by designing the surrounding medium (e.g., polymer matrix) or engineering the surface chemistry of the HINPs. First, HINPs can self-assemble into a variety of 1D, 2D, or 3D nanostructures with a nonisotropic local arrangement of NPs in films. Although a template is not always required, a polymer matrix (BCPs or supramolecules) can be used to assist the assembly of HINPs to form hybrid architectures. The interactions between brushes of neighboring HINPs or between HINPs and the polymer matrix can be modulated by varying the grafting density and length of one or multiple types of polymers on the surface of the NPs. Second, the rational design of deformable brushes of BCP or mixed homopolymer tethers on HINPs enables the anisotropic assembly of HINPs (in analogy to molecular self-assembly) into complex functional structures in selective solvents. It is evidenced that the directional interactions between BCP-grafted NPs arise from the redistribution and conformation change of the long, flexible polymer tethers, while the lateral phase separation of brushes on NP surfaces is responsible for the assembly of HINPs carrying binary immiscible homopolymers. For HINPs decorated with amphiphilic BCP brushes, their self-assembly can produce a variety of hybrid structures, such as vesicles with a monolayer of densely packed NPs in the membranes and with controlled sizes, shapes (e.g., spherical, hemispherical, disklike), and morphologies (e.g., patchy, Janus-like). This strategy allows fine-tuning of the NP organization and collective properties of HINP assemblies, thus facilitating their application in effective cancer imaging, therapy, and drug delivery. We expect that the design and assembly of such HINPs with isotropic functionalization is likely to open up new avenues for the fabrication of new functional nanocomposites and devices because of its simplicity, low cost, and ease of scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shaoyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kyle Thomas Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue F, Li H, Jiang S. Intra- and intermolecular-interaction-controlled reversible core–shell structures and photoluminescent properties of lanthanide ion-doped diblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-based nanotechniques continue to attract considerable attention due to their current range of applications and broad potential in optical devices and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma S, Rafailovich MH, Sokolov J, Liu Y, Qu S, Schwarz SA, Eisenberg A. Dewetting Properties of Polystyrene Homopolymer Thin Films on Grafted Polystyrene Brush Surfaces. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/12/4/313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have found that the critical molecular weight for auto dewetting of a homopolymer on a polymer brush of the same chemical composition is approximately NH = 0.5 NB, in good agreement with the mean field theory prediction. The measured velocity on the brush surface is at least an order of magnitude faster than that of the polystyrene (PS) on a homopolymer interface, with a greatly decreased dependence on the PS molecular weight. This suggests slippage as a possible mechanism for the dewetting dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA
| | | | - J Sokolov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA; Kodak, 343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, USA; Kodak, 343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, USA
| | - S Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA; Gore-Tex, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | - S A Schwarz
- Physics Department, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - A Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2TS
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gan D, Cao W, Puat NE. Thermal Induced Instability of Thin Polymer Films: A Study by Atomic Force Microscopy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/13/4/304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Systematic studies of thin-film stabilities of random copolymers consisting of decyl methacrylate (DMA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) units on a polystyrene (PS) layer tethered to silicon wafer have been carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as functions of molecular weight and chemical composition. Upon annealing at an elevated temperature above the glass transition temperature ( Tg), the initially flat polymer films break up into small holes, and finally form macroscopic droplets. The tethered PS layer was found to be dense enough to inhibit penetration of the copolymers into the lower layer during the annealing process. AFM studies at an early stage showed that the velocity of the hole growth was dependent upon both the molecular weights and chemical compositions of the copolymers. However, the equilibrium contact angles of the copolymer droplets formed on the PS layer were more dependent on the chemical compositions than on the molecular weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoji Gan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wenjing Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ng E Puat
- Chemistry Department, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 259756, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shin Y, Lee H, Lee W, Ryu DY. Glass Transition and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Polystyrene Films Supported on Polystyrene-Grafted Substrates. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Benková Z, Cordeiro MNDS. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene oxide) Grafted onto Silica Immersed in Melt of Homopolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10254-10264. [PMID: 26273751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuning of surface properties plays an important role in applications ranging from material engineering to biomedicine/chemistry. The interactions of chains grafted to a solid support and exposed to a matrix of chemically identical chains represent an intriguing issue. In this work, the behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains grafted irreversibly onto an amorphous silica and immersed in the matrix of free PEO chains of different polymerization degree is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The density distributions of grafted and free PEO chains, the height of the grafted layer, overlap parameters, and orientation order parameters depend not only on the grafting density but also on the length of free chains which confirm the entropic nature of the interactions between the grafted and free chains. In order to achieve a complete expulsion of the free chains from the grafted layer, a grafting density as high as 3.5 nm(-2) is necessary. Free PEO chains of 9 monomers leave the grafted layer at lower grafting densities than the longer PEO chains of 18 monomers in contrast with the theoretical predictions. The height of the grafted layer evolves with the grafting density in the presence of free chains in qualitative agreement with the theoretical phase diagram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Benková
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4168-007 Porto, Portugal
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4168-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee H, Jo S, Hirata T, Yamada NL, Tanaka K, Kim E, Ryu DY. Interpenetration of chemically identical polymer onto grafted substrates. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
O'Reilly MV, Winey KI. Silica nanoparticles densely grafted with PEO for ionomer plasticization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PEO-grafted nanoparticles and hydroxylated nanoparticles demonstrate different ionic conductivity–viscosity temperature dependence in nanocomposite ionomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vignaud G, S Chebil M, Bal JK, Delorme N, Beuvier T, Grohens Y, Gibaud A. Densification and depression in glass transition temperature in polystyrene thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11599-608. [PMID: 25209183 DOI: 10.1021/la501639z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity were used to characterize the mass density and the glass transition temperature of supported polystyrene (PS) thin films as a function of their thickness. By measuring the critical wave vector (qc) on the plateau of total external reflection, we evidence that PS films get denser in a confined state when the film thickness is below 50 nm. Refractive indices (n) and electron density profiles measurements confirm this statement. The density of a 6 nm (0.4 gyration radius, Rg) thick film is 30% greater than that of a 150 nm (10Rg) film. A depression of 25 °C in glass transition temperature (Tg) was revealed as the film thickness is reduced. In the context of the free volume theory, this result seems to be in apparent contradiction with the fact that thinner films are denser. However, as the thermal expansion of thinner films is found to be greater than the one of thicker films, the increase in free volume is larger for thin films when temperature is raised. Therefore, the free volume reaches a critical value at a lower Tg for thinner films. This critical value corresponds to the onset of large cooperative movements of polymer chains. The link between the densification of ultrathin films and the drop in their Tg is thus reconciled. We finally show that at their respective Tg(h) all films exhibit a critical mass density of about 1.05 g/cm(3) whatever their thickness. The thickness dependent thermal expansion related to the free volume is consequently a key factor to understand the drop in the Tg of ultrathin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Vignaud
- Université Bretagne-Sud , EA 4250, LIMATB, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xue F, Li H, You J, Lu C, Reiter G, Jiang S. The crucial role of cadmium acetate-induced conformational restriction in microscopic structure and stability of polystyrene-block-polyvinyl pyridine thin films. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Lin CC, Ohno K, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Macromolecular Diffusion through a Polymer Matrix with Polymer-Grafted Chained Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Hore
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut
Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paul A, Grady BP, Ford WT. PMMA composites of single-walled carbon nanotubes-graft-PMMA. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
| | - Brian P. Grady
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CaNTeC) and School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma 73019
| | - Warren T. Ford
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Frischknecht AL, Hore MJA, Ford J, Composto RJ. Dispersion of Polymer-Grafted Nanorods in Homopolymer Films: Theory and Experiment. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87185, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of
Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States, and
| | - Jamie Ford
- Penn Regional Nanotechnology Facility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of
Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States, and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hore MJA, Composto RJ. Using Miscible Polymer Blends To Control Depletion–Attraction Forces between Au Nanorods in Nanocomposite Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Hore
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and
the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and
the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Choi SY, Lee C, Lee JW, Park C, Kim SH. Dewetting-Induced Hierarchical Patterns in Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2019655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Choi
- Division of Nano-Systems Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Chansub Lee
- Division of Nano-Systems Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Lee
- Division of Nano-Systems Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul
120-749, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Division of Nano-Systems Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hore MJA, Frischknecht AL, Composto RJ. Nanorod Assemblies in Polymer Films and Their Dispersion-Dependent Optical Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:115-121. [PMID: 35578465 DOI: 10.1021/mz200031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical absorption due to surface plasmon resonances in ensembles of gold nanorods (Au NRs) depends strongly on the nanorod separation and orientation. Here, we study the dispersion of polystyrene-functionalized Au NRs in polystyrene (PS) thin films using UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and find that Au NRs are dispersed for brush chain lengths that exceed the PS matrix chain length and are aggregated otherwise. Monte Carlo simulations using parameters from classical density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this behavior is due to substantial depletion-attraction forces for brush chain lengths that are much smaller than the PS matrix chain length. Both UV-vis measurements and discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations confirm that optical absorption is a facile method to determine nanorod morphology in nanocomposite films (i.e., aggregation or dispersion). Futhermore, a dispersion map is constructed showing the conditions required for nanorod dispersion and, correspondingly, the optical absorption properties of Au NR:PS nanocomposites. Using this information, optically active materials with tunable morphologies can be fabricated and routinely characterized using optical spectroscopic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Hore
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1411,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma M, He Z, Yang J, Chen F, Wang K, Zhang Q, Deng H, Fu Q. Effect of film thickness on morphological evolution in dewetting and crystallization of polystyrene/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13072-81. [PMID: 21936570 DOI: 10.1021/la2036289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, the morphological evolution in the blend thin film of polystyrene (PS)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated via mainly AFM. It was found that an enriched two-layer structure with PS at the upper layer and PCL at the bottom layer was formed during spinning coating. By changing the solution concentration, different kinds of crystal morphologies, such as finger-like, dendritic, and spherulitic-like, could be obtained at the bottom PCL layer. These different initial states led to the morphological evolution processes to be quite different from each other, so the phase separation, dewetting, and crystalline morphology of PS/PCL blend films as a function of time were studied. It was interesting to find that the morphological evolution of PS at the upper layer was largely dependent on the film thickness. For the ultrathin (15 nm) blend film, a liquid-solid/liquid-liquid dewetting-wetting process was observed, forming ribbons that rupture into discrete circular PS islands on voronoi finger-like PCL crystal. For the thick (30 nm) blend film, the liquid-liquid dewetting of the upper PS layer from the underlying adsorbed PCL layer was found, forming interconnected rim structures that rupture into discrete circular PS islands embedded in the single lamellar PCL dendritic crystal due to Rayleigh instability. For the thicker (60 nm) blend film, a two-step liquid-liquid dewetting process with regular holes decorated with dendritic PCL crystal at early annealing stage and small holes decorated with spherulite-like PCL crystal among the early dewetting holes at later annealing stage was observed. The mechanism of this unusual morphological evolution process was discussed on the basis of the entropy effect and annealing-induced phase separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan D, Huang H, He T, Zhang F. Coupling of microphase separation and dewetting in weakly segregated diblock co-polymer ultrathin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11973-11980. [PMID: 21870883 DOI: 10.1021/la202379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the coupling behavior of microphase separation and autophobic dewetting in weakly segregated poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PCL-b-PLLA) diblock co-polymer ultrathin films on carbon-coated mica substrates. At temperatures higher than the melting point of the PLLA block, the co-polymer forms a lamellar structure in bulk with a long period of L ∼ 20 nm, as determined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The relaxation procedure of ultrathin films with an initial film thickness of h = 10 nm during annealing has been followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the experimental temperature range (100-140 °C), the co-polymer dewets to an ultrathin film of itself at about 5 nm because of the strong attraction of both blocks with the substrate. Moreover, the dewetting velocity increases with decreasing annealing temperatures. This novel dewetting kinetics can be explained by a competition effect of the composition fluctuation driven by the microphase separation with the dominated dewetting process during the early stage of the annealing process. While dewetting dominates the relaxation procedure and leads to the rupture of the ultrathin films, the composition fluctuation induced by the microphase separation attempts to stabilize them because of the matching of h to the long period (h ∼ 1/2L). The temperature dependence of these two processes leads to this novel relaxation kinetics of co-polymer thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Faldi A, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Dewetting of Polymer Bilayers: Morphology and Kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-366-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe kinetics of de-wetting a polycarbonate (PC) film from a poly(styrene-coacrylonitrile) (SAN) copolymer film was monitored using optical microscopy. Whereas the SAN layer was stable upon annealing at 190°C, the PC layer dewetted the SAN and formed holes whose diameter increased linearly with time. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that PC was fully removed from the interior of the hole. Upon varying the AN content, the dewetting velocity was found to be a minimum near 0.27 weight percent AN. This result is consistent with the interfacial thermodynamics between PC and SAN. Atomic force microscopy was used to provide a unique image of the hole profile.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee H, Ahn H, Naidu S, Seong BS, Ryu DY, Trombly DM, Ganesan V. Glass Transition Behavior of PS Films on Grafted PS Substrates. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101743u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sudhakar Naidu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - David M. Trombly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun YS, Chien SW, Liou JY. Probing Relief Terraces in Destabilized Thin Films of an Asymmetric Block Copolymer with Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1008308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-You Liou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen X, Anthamatten M. Solvent-assisted dewetting during chemical vapor deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11555-11562. [PMID: 19670895 DOI: 10.1021/la901481q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the use of a nonreactive solvent vapor, tert-butanol, during initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to promote polymer film dewetting. iCVD is a solventless technique to grow polymer thin films directly from gas phase feeds. Using a custom-built axisymmetric hot-zone reactor, smooth poly(methyl methacrylate) films are grown from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO). When solvent vapor is used, nonequilibrium dewetted structures comprising of randomly distributed polymer droplets are observed. The length scale of observed topographies, determined using power spectral density (PSD) analysis, ranges from 5 to 100 microm and is influenced by deposition conditions, especially the carrier gas and solvent vapor flow rates. The use of a carrier gas leads to faster deposition rates and suppresses thin film dewetting. The use of solvent vapor promotes dewetting and leads to larger length scales of the dewetted features. Control over lateral length scale is demonstrated by preparation of hierarchal "bump on bump" topographies. Vapor-induced dewetting is demonstrated on silicon wafer substrate with a native oxide layer and also on hydrophobically modified substrate prepared using silane coupling. Autophobic dewetting of PMMA from SiOx/Si during iCVD is attributed to a thin film instability driven by both long-range van der Waals forces and short-range polar interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Jain S, Ginzburg VV, Jog P, Weinhold J, Srivastava R, Chapman WG. Modeling polymer-induced interactions between two grafted surfaces: Comparison between interfacial statistical associating fluid theory and self-consistent field theory. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044908. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3177009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Xue L, Han Y. Autophobic dewetting of a poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film on a silicon wafer treated in good solvent vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5135-5140. [PMID: 19278204 DOI: 10.1021/la8041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films on a silicon wafer with a native oxide layer exposed to solvent vapors is dependent on the solvent properties. In the nonsolvent vapor, the film spread on the substrate with some protrusions generated on the film surface. In the good solvent vapor, dewetting happened. A new interface formed between the anchored PMMA chains and the swollen upper part of the film. Entropy effects caused the upper movable chains to dewet on the anchored chains. The rim instability depended on the surface tension of solvent (i.e., the finger was generated in acetone vapor (gamma(acetone) = 24 mN/m), not in dioxane vapor (gamma(dioxane) = 33 mN/m)). The spacing (lambda) that grew as an exponential function of film thickness h scaled as approximately h(1.31), whereas the mean size (D) of the resulting droplets grew linearly with h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang X, Lee FK, Tsui OKC. Wettability of End-Grafted Polymer Brush by Chemically Identical Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801549r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Fuk Kay Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Muller P, Sudre G, Théodoly O. Wetting transition on hydrophobic surfaces covered by polyelectrolyte brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9541-9550. [PMID: 18652425 DOI: 10.1021/la801406x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the wetting by water of complex "hydrophobic-hydrophilic" surfaces made of a hydrophobic substrate covered by a hydrophilic polymer brush. Polystyrene (PS) substrates covered with polystyrene- block-poly(acrylic acid) PS- b-PAA diblock copolymer layers were fabricated by Langmuir-Schaefer depositions and analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. On bare PS substrate, we measured advancing angles theta A = 93 +/- 1 degrees and receding angles theta R = 81 +/- 1 degrees . On PS covered with poorly anchored PS- b-PAA layers, we observed large contact angle hysteresis, theta A approximately 90 degrees and theta R approximately 0 degrees , that we attributed to nanometric scale dewetting of the PS- b-PAA layers. On well-anchored PS- b-PAA layers that form homogeneous PAA brushes, a wetting transition from partial to total wetting occurs versus the amount deposited: both theta A and theta R decrease close to zero. A model is proposed, based on the Young-Dupre equation, that takes into account the interfacial pressure of the brush Pi, which was determined experimentally, and the free energy of hydration of the polyelectrolyte monomers Delta G PAA (hyd), which is the only fitting parameter. With Delta G PAA (hyd) approximately -1300 J/mol, the model renders the wetting transition for all samples and explains why the wetting transition depends mainly on the average thickness of the brush and weakly on the length of PAA chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Muller
- Complex Fluids Laboratory, CNRS UMR 166, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei B, Gurr PA, Gozen AO, Blencowe A, Solomon DH, Qiao GG, Spontak RJ, Genzer J. Autophobicity-driven surface segregation and patterning of core-shell microgel nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3010-3016. [PMID: 18687010 DOI: 10.1021/nl802109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell microgel (CSMG) nanoparticles, also referred to as core-cross-linked star (CCS) polymers, can be envisaged as permanently cross-linked block copolymer micelles and, as such, afford novel opportunities for chemical functionalization, templating, and encapsulation. In this study, we explore the behavior of CSMG nanoparticles comprising a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell in molten PMMA thin films. Because of the autophobicity between the densely packed, short PMMA arms of the CSMG shell and the long PMMA chains in the matrix, the nanoparticles migrate to the film surface. They cannot, however, break through the surface because of the inherently high surface energy of PMMA. Similar thermal treatment of CSMG-containing PMMA thin films with a polystyrene (PS) capping layer replaces surface energy at the PMMA/air interface by interfacial energy at the PMMA/PS interface, which reduces the energy barrier by an order of magnitude, thereby permitting the nanoparticles to emerge out of the PMMA bulk. This nanoscale process is reversible and can be captured at intermediate degrees of completion. Moreover, it is fundamentally general and can be exploited as an alternative means by which to reversibly pattern or functionalize polymer surfaces for applications requiring responsive nanolithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frischknecht AL. Forces between nanorods with end-adsorbed chains in a homopolymer melt. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:224902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2929831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
39
|
Phase separation of polystyrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) deposited on polystyrene thin films. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Li X, Peng J, Wen Y, Kim DH, Knoll W. Morphology change of asymmetric diblock copolymer micellar films during solvent annealing. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
Liang GD, Xu JT, Fan ZQ, Mai SM, Ryan AJ. Effect of Substrate Surface on Dewetting Behavior and Chain Orientation of Semicrystalline Block Copolymer Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24384-9. [PMID: 17134191 DOI: 10.1021/jp064008s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three symmetrical semicrystalline oxyethylene/oxybutylene block copolymers (EmBn) were spin-coated on different substrates including silicon, hydrophobically modified silicon, and mica. The effects of surface property on the dewetting behavior of EmBn thin films and the chain orientation of the crystalline block were investigated with atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction . The EmBn thin films on silicon exhibit an autophobic dewetting behavior, while ordinary dewetting occurs for the thin films on modified silicon. It was observed that the stems of the E crystals in the first half-polymer layer contacting the mica surface were parallel to the surface, in contrast to the perpendicular chain orientation of the other polymer layers and of the first half-polymer layer on silicon. This is attributed to the strong interaction between the E block and mica, verified by infrared spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bansal A, Yang H, Li C, Benicewicz BC, Kumar SK, Schadler LS. Controlling the thermomechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites by tailoring the polymer-particle interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
Matsen MW. Scaling behavior of a brush–homopolymer interface in the limit of high grafting density. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:144904. [PMID: 15847562 DOI: 10.1063/1.1883166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between a polymer brush and a chemically equivalent homopolymer is examined using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Focusing on ultrahigh grafting densities, we extract how the properties scale with the brush thickness, L, and compare with predictions based on strong-stretching theory (SST). Although the scaling exponents are consistent, the overall agreement is poor. We attribute this to the inaccurate way the SST-based calculation treats chain fluctuations at the extremity of the brush. This accounts for a previous disagreement between SCFT and SST in regards to autophobic dewetting, and brings into question a number of other SST predictions. Our conclusion is that SST requires a more sophisticated treatment of finite-stretching corrections, along the lines of that proposed by Likhtman and Semenov [Europhys. Lett. 51, 307 (2000)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Matsen
- Department of Physics, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Micromechanical properties of glassy and rubbery polymer brush layers as probed by atomic force microscopy. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Pernodet N, Rafailovich M, Sokolov J, Xu D, Yang NL, McLeod K. Fibronectin fibrillogenesis on sulfonated polystyrene surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:684-92. [PMID: 12601780 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) protein adsorption and organization serves as a critical first step in the development and organization of tissues. Advances in tissue engineering, therefore, will depend on the ability to control the rate and pattern of ECM formation. Fibronectin is a prominent component of the ECM, which undergoes fibrillogenesis in the presence of cells. Using sulfonated polysyrene surfaces, we showed that fibronectin undergoes a transition from monolayer to multilayer adsorption at calculated surface charge densities above 0.03 Coulombs (C)/m(2). At charge densities above approximately 0.08 C/m(2), distinct fibronectin fibrillar networks are observed to form with a fibril morphology similar to those observed to form in situ on cell surfaces. This self-organization process is time dependent, with the fibrils achieving dimensions of 30-40 microm in length and 1 microm in height after 72 h of incubation. We suggest that the polarization of charge domains on the polyampholytic fibronectin molecules near high charge density surfaces is sufficient to initiate the multilayer adsorption and the organization of these fibrillar structures. These results suggest that the nonlinear dependence of adsorption on surface charge density may play an important role in the self-organization of many matrix components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Pernodet
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Currie EPK, Norde W, Cohen Stuart MA. Tethered polymer chains: surface chemistry and their impact on colloidal and surface properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 100-102:205-65. [PMID: 12668330 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(02)00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this review the grafting of polymer chains to solid supports or interfaces and the subsequent impact on colloidal properties is examined. We start by examining theoretical models for densely grafted polymers (brushes), experimental techniques for their preparation and the properties of the ensuing structures. Our aim is to present a broad overview of the state of the art in this field, rather than an in-depth study. In the second section the interactions of surfaces with tethered polymers with the surrounding environment and the impact on colloidal properties are considered. Various theoretical models for such interactions are discussed. We then review the properties of colloids with tethered polymer chains, interactions between planar brushes and nanocolloids, interactions between brushes and biocolloids and the impact of grafted polymers on wetting properties of surfaces, using the ideas presented in the first section. The review closes with an outlook to possible new directions of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P K Currie
- Material Science Center, DSM Research, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Voronov A, Shafranska O. Dependence of thin polystyrene films stability on the thickness of grafted polystyrene brushes. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
50
|
Edgecombe SR, Gardiner JM, Matsen MW. Suppressing Autophobic Dewetting by Using a Bimodal Brush. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020476y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Edgecombe
- Polymer Science Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, United Kingdom
| | - J. M. Gardiner
- Polymer Science Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, United Kingdom
| | - M. W. Matsen
- Polymer Science Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|