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Lin Y, Hu Q, Meng Y, Walter M, Mao HK. Evidence for the stability of ultrahydrous stishovite in Earth's lower mantle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:184-189. [PMID: 31843935 PMCID: PMC6955296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914295117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and transportation of water in Earth's interior depends on the stability of water-bearing phases. The transition zone in Earth's mantle is generally accepted as an important potential water reservoir because its main constituents, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, can incorporate weight percent levels of H2O in their structures at mantle temperatures. The extent to which water can be transported beyond the transition zone deeper into the mantle depends on the water carrying capacity of minerals stable in subducted lithosphere. Stishovite is one of the major mineral components in subducting oceanic crust, yet the capacity of stishovite to incorporate water beyond at lower mantle conditions remains speculative. In this study, we combine in situ laser heating with synchrotron X-ray diffraction to show that the unit cell volume of stishovite synthesized under hydrous conditions is ∼2.3 to 5.0% greater than that of anhydrous stishovite at pressures of ∼27 to 58 GPa and temperatures of 1,240 to 1,835 K. Our results indicate that stishovite, even at temperatures along a mantle geotherm, can potentially incorporate weight percent levels of H2O in its crystal structure and has the potential to be a key phase for transporting and storing water in the lower mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Lin
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015;
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yue Meng
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Michael Walter
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China;
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Lei J, Hu S, Turner CL, Zeng K, Yeung MT, Yan J, Kaner RB, Tolbert SH. Synthesis and High-Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10036-10048. [PMID: 31373793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium diboride is an established superhard compound that can scratch diamond and can be readily synthesized under ambient pressure. Here, we demonstrate two synergistic ways to further enhance the already high yield strength of ReB2. The first approach builds on previous reports where tungsten is doped into ReB2 at concentrations up to 48 at. %, forming a rhenium/tungsten diboride solid solution (Re0.52W0.48B2). In the second approach, the composition of both materials is maintained, but the particle size is reduced to the nanoscale (40-150 nm). Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials. In situ radial X-ray diffraction was then performed under high pressures up to ∼60 GPa in a diamond anvil cell to study mechanical properties including bulk modulus, lattice strain, and strength anisotropy. The differential stress for both Re0.52W0.48B2 and nano ReB2 (n-ReB2) was increased compared to bulk ReB2. In addition, the lattice-preferred orientation of n-ReB2 was experimentally measured. Under non-hydrostatic compression, n-ReB2 exhibits texture characterized by a maximum along the [001] direction, confirming that plastic deformation is primarily controlled by the basal slip system. At higher pressures, a range of other slip systems become active. Finally, both size and solid-solution effects were combined in nanoscale Re0.52W0.48B2. This material showed the highest differential stress and bulk modulus, combined with suppression of the new slip planes that opened at high pressure in n-ReB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Shanlin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Christopher L Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Keyu Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Michael T Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1595 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Sarah H Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1595 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Dou YM, Zhang CW, Li P, Wang PJ. Novel graphene-like two-dimensional bilayer germanene dioxide: electronic structure and optical properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9633-9639. [PMID: 35520695 PMCID: PMC9062145 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ab initio calculations, we present a two-dimensional (2D) α-2D-germanene dioxide material with an ideal sp3 bonding network which possesses a large band gap up to 2.50 eV. The phonon dispersion curves and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation under the chosen parameters suggest that the novel 2D structure is stable. The dielectric function and absorption spectrum also show the consistent band gap within the electronic structure diagram, suggesting possible application as an ultraviolet light optical detector. The calculated carrier mobility of 4.09 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be observed along the x direction, which is much higher than that of MoS2 (∼3.0 cm2 V-1 s-1). Finally, we found that α-2D-germanene dioxide could potentially act as an ideal monolayer insulator in so-called van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure devices. These findings expand the potential applications of the emerging field of 2D α-2D-germanene dioxide materials in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Dou
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ji Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Stishovite exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio when stressed in a range of directions in the (100), (010) and (001) planes under specific ambient pressure ranges. This may be explained through mechanisms involving rotations and distortions of the constituent octahedral.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Azzopardi
- Metamaterials Unit
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malta
- Msida
- Malta
| | - J. P. Brincat
- Metamaterials Unit
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malta
- Msida
- Malta
| | - J. N. Grima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malta
- Msida
- Malta
| | - Ruben Gatt
- Metamaterials Unit
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malta
- Msida
- Malta
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Ehm L, Vaughan M, Duffy T, Liu Z, Wang L, Li B, Weidner D, Chen Z, Ghose S, Zhong Z. High-Pressure Research at the National Synchrotron Light Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2010.485520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quantum Monte Carlo computations of phase stability, equations of state, and elasticity of high-pressure silica. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9519-24. [PMID: 20457932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912130107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica (SiO(2)) is an abundant component of the Earth whose crystalline polymorphs play key roles in its structure and dynamics. First principle density functional theory (DFT) methods have often been used to accurately predict properties of silicates, but fundamental failures occur. Such failures occur even in silica, the simplest silicate, and understanding pure silica is a prerequisite to understanding the rocky part of the Earth. Here, we study silica with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), which until now was not computationally possible for such complex materials, and find that QMC overcomes the failures of DFT. QMC is a benchmark method that does not rely on density functionals but rather explicitly treats the electrons and their interactions via a stochastic solution of Schrödinger's equation. Using ground-state QMC plus phonons within the quasiharmonic approximation of density functional perturbation theory, we obtain the thermal pressure and equations of state of silica phases up to Earth's core-mantle boundary. Our results provide the best constrained equations of state and phase boundaries available for silica. QMC indicates a transition to the dense alpha-PbO(2) structure above the core-insulating D" layer, but the absence of a seismic signature suggests the transition does not contribute significantly to global seismic discontinuities in the lower mantle. However, the transition could still provide seismic signals from deeply subducted oceanic crust. We also find an accurate shear elastic constant for stishovite and its geophysically important softening with pressure.
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Abstract
Abstract
Ab initio simulations play an increasingly important role in the studies of deep planetary interiors. Here we review the current state of this field, concentrating on studies of the materials of the Earth’s deep interior (MgO—SiO2—FeO—Al2O3, Fe—Si—S—O) and of the interiors of giant planets (H—He system, H2O—CH4—NH3 system). In particular, novel phases and phase diagrams, insights into structural and electronic phase transitions, melting curves, thermoelasticity and the effects of impurities on physical properties of planet-forming materials are discussed.
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Chesnut GN, Schiferl D, Streetman BD, Anderson WW. Diamond-anvil cell for radial x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S1083-S1090. [PMID: 22611099 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a new diamond-anvil cell capable of radial x-ray diffraction to pressures of a few hundred GPa. The diffraction geometry allows access to multiple angles of Ψ, which is the angle between each reciprocal lattice vector g(hkl) and the compression axis of the cell. At the 'magic angle', Ψ≈54.7°, the effects of deviatoric stresses on the interplanar spacings, d(hkl), are significantly reduced. Because the systematic errors, which are different for each d(hkl), are significantly reduced, the crystal structures and the derived equations of state can be determined reliably. At other values of Ψ, the effects of deviatoric stresses on the diffraction pattern could eventually be used to determine elastic constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Chesnut
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Yoneda A, Kubo A. Simultaneous determination of mean pressure and deviatoric stress based on numerical tensor analysis: a case study for polycrystalline x-ray diffraction of gold enclosed in a methanol-ethanol mixture. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S979-S994. [PMID: 22611107 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the {100} and {111} planes of cubic crystals subjected to uniaxial deviatoric stress conditions have strain responses that are free from the effect of lattice preferred orientation. By utilizing this special character, one can unambiguously and simultaneously determine the mean pressure and deviatoric stress from polycrystalline diffraction data of the cubic sample. Here we introduce a numerical tensor calculation method based on the generalized Hooke's law to simultaneously determine the hydrostatic component of the stress (mean pressure) and deviatoric stress in the sample. The feasibility of this method has been tested by examining the experimental data of the Au pressure marker enclosed in a diamond anvil cell using a pressure medium of methanol-ethanol mixture. The results demonstrated that the magnitude of the deviatoric stress is ∼0.07 GPa at the mean pressure of 10.5 GPa, which is consistent with previous results of Au strength under high pressure. Our results also showed that even a small deviatoric stress (∼0.07 GPa) could yield a ∼0.3 GPa mean pressure error at ∼10 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoneda
- Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
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Singh AK, Liermann HP, Saxena SK, Mao HK, Devi SU. Nonhydrostatic compression of gold powder to 60 GPa in a diamond anvil cell: estimation of compressive strength from x-ray diffraction data. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S969-S978. [PMID: 22611106 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two gold powder samples, one with average crystallite size of ≈30 nm (n-Au) and another with ≈120 nm (c-Au), were compressed under nonhydrostatic conditions in a diamond anvil cell to different pressures up to ≈60 GPa and the x-ray diffraction patterns recorded. The difference between the axial and radial stress components (a measure of the compressive strength) was estimated from the shifts of the diffraction lines. The maximum micro-stress in the crystallites (another measure of the compressive strength) and grain size (crystallite size) were obtained from analysis of the line-width data. The strengths obtained by the two methods agreed well and increased with increasing pressure. Over the entire pressure range, the strength of n-Au was found to be significantly higher than that of c-Au. The grain sizes of both n-Au and c-Au decreased under pressure. This decrease was much larger than expected from the compressibility effect and was found to be reversible. An equation derived from the dislocation theory that predicts the dependence of strength on the grain size and the shear modulus was used to interpret the strength data. The strength derived from the published grain size versus hardness data agreed well with the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Materials Science Division, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore 560 017, India
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Mao HK, Badro J, Shu J, Hemley RJ, Singh AK. Strength, anisotropy, and preferred orientation of solid argon at high pressures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S963-S968. [PMID: 22611105 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The elasticity and plasticity of materials at high pressure are of great importance for the fundamental insight they provide on bonding properties in dense matter and for applications ranging from geophysics to materials technology. We studied pressure-solidified argon with a boron-epoxy-beryllium composite gasket in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Employing monochromatic synchrotron x-radiation and imaging plates in a radial diffraction geometry (Singh et al 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 2157; Mao et al 1998 Nature 396 741), we observed low strength in solid argon below 20 GPa, but the strength increases drastically with applied pressure, such that at 55 GPa, the shear strength exceeded 2.7 GPa. The elastic anisotropy at 55 GPa was four times higher than the extrapolated value from 30 GPa. Extensive (111) slip develops under uniaxial compression, as manifested by the preferred crystallographic orientation of (220) in the compression direction. These macroscopic properties reflect basic changes in van der Waals bondings under ultrahigh pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kwang Mao
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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Hu JZ, Mao HK, Shu JF, Guo QZ, Liu HZ. Diamond anvil cell radial x-ray diffraction program at the National Synchrotron Light Source. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S1091-S1096. [PMID: 22611100 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the radial x-ray diffraction method using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed at the X17C beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source. The detailed experimental procedure used with energy dispersive x-ray diffraction is described. The advantages and limitations of using the energy dispersive method for DAC radial diffraction studies are also discussed. The results for FeO at 135 GPa and other radial diffraction experiments performed at X17C are discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Hu
- X17 of NSLS, CARS, University of Chicago, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Merkel S. X-ray diffraction evaluation of stress in high pressure deformation experiments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S949-S962. [PMID: 22611104 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the applicability of x-ray diffraction measurements of stress to high pressure deformation experiments. We model measurements of elastic lattice strains in various geometries for both axial and rotational deformation apparatus. We then show that, for most cases, stresses can be inverted from the diffraction data. A comparison between the results of our models and actual experimental data also indicates that plastic deformation can have an influence that is not addressed properly in the elastic models of lattice strains and should therefore be treated with caution.
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Meng Y, Shen G, Mao HK. Double-sided laser heating system at HPCAT for in situ x-ray diffraction at high pressures and high temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S1097-S1103. [PMID: 22611101 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An overview of a YLF:Nd laser heating system at the undulator x-ray diffraction station (16ID-B) of the high-pressure collaborative access team (HPCAT) of the Advanced Photon Source is presented. Based on the double-sided laser heating technique, the system is designed with considerable effort on the mechanical and optical stabilities, features for user-friendly operation, and the capability of accommodating diamond anvil cells of various heights up to 68 mm. This system has been used for x-ray diffraction studies of a wide range of materials to over 150 GPa and above 3000 K. Applying the laser heating technique to radial x-ray diffraction studies at simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature (PT) conditions requires heating to be conducted at variable angles relative to the x-ray direction. A rotation laser heating design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA
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