1
|
Wu Y, Thompson AC, Underwood JH, Mao HK, Fei YW, Hu JZ, Badding JV, Shu JF. A Focusing System for X-ray Diffraction Studies of Materials Under High Pressure in the Diamond Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1154/s0376030800014750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in techniques to generate static ultra-high pressure (>100 GPa) in the diamond anvil cell have significantly enhanced our understanding of the properties of solids under these extreme conditions. In order to characterize the structure of solids at these pressures, X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation has become an invaluable tool. Since the highest pressures are attained at the expense of sample volume (~ 100 μm3) , it is best to use the intense radiation available from a synchrotron to study the very small samples used in ultra-high pressure studies. Even with the intense x-ray beams currently available, it is still often desirable to focus the x-ray beam to increase the available flux. We have developed a focusing system which uses multilayer coated spherical mirrors. With this system, intense x-ray beams with sizes smaller than 10 μm by 10 μm can be achieved at a synchrotron radiation beamline. Previously, we used the focusing system for x-ray microprobe experiments.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Long YJ, Zhao LX, Nie SM, Zhang SJ, Weng YX, Jin ML, Li WM, Liu QQ, Long YW, Yu RC, Gu CZ, Sun F, Yang WG, Mao HK, Feng XL, Li Q, Zheng WT, Weng HM, Dai X, Fang Z, Chen GF, Jin CQ. Superconductivity in HfTe 5 across weak to strong topological insulator transition induced via pressures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44367. [PMID: 28300156 PMCID: PMC5353664 DOI: 10.1038/srep44367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, theoretical studies show that layered HfTe5 is at the boundary of weak & strong topological insulator (TI) and might crossover to a Dirac semimetal state by changing lattice parameters. The topological properties of 3D stacked HfTe5 are expected hence to be sensitive to pressures tuning. Here, we report pressure induced phase evolution in both electronic & crystal structures for HfTe5 with a culmination of pressure induced superconductivity. Our experiments indicated that the temperature for anomaly resistance peak (Tp) due to Lifshitz transition decreases first before climbs up to a maximum with pressure while the Tp minimum corresponds to the transition from a weak TI to strong TI. The HfTe5 crystal becomes superconductive above ~5.5 GPa where the Tp reaches maximum. The highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc) around 5 K was achieved at 20 GPa. Crystal structure studies indicate that HfTe5 transforms from a Cmcm phase across a monoclinic C2/m phase then to a P-1 phase with increasing pressure. Based on transport, structure studies a comprehensive phase diagram of HfTe5 is constructed as function of pressure. The work provides valuable experimental insights into the evolution on how to proceed from a weak TI precursor across a strong TI to superconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y J Long
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L X Zhao
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S M Nie
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S J Zhang
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y X Weng
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - M L Jin
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W M Li
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Q Q Liu
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y W Long
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - R C Yu
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Z Gu
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - F Sun
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W G Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science &Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - H K Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science &Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - X L Feng
- Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - W T Zheng
- Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - H M Weng
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - X Dai
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Z Fang
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - G F Chen
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - C Q Jin
- Institute of Physics &School of Physics of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Zhang JL, Kong PP, Zhang SJ, Yu XH, Zhu JL, Liu QQ, Li X, Yu RC, Ahuja R, Yang WG, Shen GY, Mao HK, Weng HM, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhao YS, Jin CQ. Superconductivity in topological insulator Sb2Te3 induced by pressure. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2016. [PMID: 23783511 PMCID: PMC3687246 DOI: 10.1038/srep02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological superconductivity is one of most fascinating properties of topological quantum matters that was theoretically proposed and can support Majorana Fermions at the edge state. Superconductivity was previously realized in a Cu-intercalated Bi2Se3 topological compound or a Bi2Te3 topological compound at high pressure. Here we report the discovery of superconductivity in the topological compound Sb2Te3 when pressure was applied. The crystal structure analysis results reveal that superconductivity at a low-pressure range occurs at the ambient phase. The Hall coefficient measurements indicate the change of p-type carriers at a low-pressure range within the ambient phase, into n-type at higher pressures, showing intimate relation to superconducting transition temperature. The first principle calculations based on experimental measurements of the crystal lattice show that Sb2Te3 retains its Dirac surface states within the low-pressure ambient phase where superconductivity was observed, which indicates a strong relationship between superconductivity and topology nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cadien A, Hu QY, Meng Y, Cheng YQ, Chen MW, Shu JF, Mao HK, Sheng HW. First-order liquid-liquid phase transition in cerium. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:125503. [PMID: 25166820 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental observation of a liquid-liquid phase transition in the monatomic liquid metal cerium, by means of in situ high-pressure high-temperature x-ray diffraction experiments. At 13 GPa, upon increasing temperature from 1550 to 1900 K high-density liquid transforms to a low-density liquid, with a density difference of 14%. Theoretic models based on ab initio calculations are built to investigate the observed phase behavior of the liquids at various pressures. The results suggest that the transition primarily originates from the delocalization of f electrons and is deemed to be of the first order that terminates at a critical point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cadien
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Q Y Hu
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Y Meng
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Q Cheng
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M W Chen
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J F Shu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - H K Mao
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - H W Sheng
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA and Center for Computational Materials Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang RF, Legut D, Lin ZJ, Zhao YS, Mao HK, Veprek S. Stability and strength of transition-metal tetraborides and triborides. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:255502. [PMID: 23004618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we show that the long-believed transition-metal tetraborides (TB(4)) of tungsten and molybdenum are in fact triborides (TB(3)). This finding is supported by thermodynamic, mechanical, and phonon instabilities of TB(4), and it challenges the previously proposed origin of superhardness of these compounds and the predictability of the generally used hardness model. Theoretical calculations for the newly identified stable TB(3) structure correctly reproduce their structural and mechanical properties, as well as the experimental x-ray diffraction pattern. However, the relatively low shear moduli and strengths suggest that TB(3) cannot be intrinsically stronger than c-BN. The origin of the lattice instability of TB(3) under large shear strain that occurs at the atomic level during plastic deformation can be attributed to valence charge depletion between boron and metal atoms, which enables easy sliding of boron layers between the metal ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kyono A, Gramsch SA, Yamanaka T, Ikuta D, Ahart A, Mysen BO, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. The influence of the Jahn–Teller effect at Fe 2+on the structure of chromite at high pressure. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311087320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
7
|
Abstract
An x-ray diffraction study of lead under pressure has shown that face-centered cubic structure transforms to the hexagonal close-packed structure at room temperature and a pressure of 130+/- 10 kilobars. The volume change for the transformation is -0.18+/- 0.06 cubic centimeter per mole.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Ruby crystals were subjected to a static pressure greater than 1 megabar in a diamond-windowed pressure cell. The pressure was monitored continuously by observing the spectral shift of the sharp fluorescent R(1) ruby line excited with a cadmium-helium gas-diffusion laser beam. One megabar appears to be the highest pressure ever reported for a static experiment in which an internal calibration was employed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fei Y, Prewitt CT, Mao HK, Bertka CM. Structure and Density of FeS at High Pressure and High Temperature and the Internal Structure of Mars. Science 2010; 268:1892-4. [PMID: 17797532 DOI: 10.1126/science.268.5219.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In situ x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that FeS, a possible core material for the terrestrial planets, transforms to a hexagonal NiAs superstructure with axial ratio (c/a) close to the ideal close-packing value of 1.63 at high pressure and high temperature. The high-pressure-temperature phase has shorter Fe-Fe distances than the low-pressure phase. Significant shortening of the Fe-Fe distance would lead to metallization of FeS, resulting in fundamental changes in physical properties of FeS at high pressure and temperature. Calculations using the density of the high-pressure-temperature FeS phase indicate that the martian core-mantle boundary occurs within the silicate perovskite stability field.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao HK, Jephcoat AP, Hemley RJ, Finger LW, Zha CS, Hazen RM, Cox DE. Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Single-Crystal Hydrogen to 26.5 Gigapascals. Science 2010; 239:1131-4. [PMID: 17791973 DOI: 10.1126/science.239.4844.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure and equation of state of solid hydrogen have been determined directly to 26.5 gigapascals at room temperature by new synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. Solid hydrogen remains in the hexagonal close-packed structure under these pressure-temperature conditions and exhibits increasing structural anisotropy with pressure. The pressure-volume curve determined from the x-ray data represents the most accurate experimental measurement of the equation of state to date in this pressure range. The results remove the discrepancy between earlier indirect determinations and provide a new experimental constraint on the molecular-to-atomic transition predicted at higher pressures.
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh AK, Liermann HP, Saxena SK, Mao HK, Devi SU. Nonhydrostatic compression of gold powder to 60 GPa in a diamond anvil cell: estimation of compressive strength from x-ray diffraction data. J Phys Condens Matter 2006; 18:S969-S978. [PMID: 22611106 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two gold powder samples, one with average crystallite size of ≈30 nm (n-Au) and another with ≈120 nm (c-Au), were compressed under nonhydrostatic conditions in a diamond anvil cell to different pressures up to ≈60 GPa and the x-ray diffraction patterns recorded. The difference between the axial and radial stress components (a measure of the compressive strength) was estimated from the shifts of the diffraction lines. The maximum micro-stress in the crystallites (another measure of the compressive strength) and grain size (crystallite size) were obtained from analysis of the line-width data. The strengths obtained by the two methods agreed well and increased with increasing pressure. Over the entire pressure range, the strength of n-Au was found to be significantly higher than that of c-Au. The grain sizes of both n-Au and c-Au decreased under pressure. This decrease was much larger than expected from the compressibility effect and was found to be reversible. An equation derived from the dislocation theory that predicts the dependence of strength on the grain size and the shear modulus was used to interpret the strength data. The strength derived from the published grain size versus hardness data agreed well with the present results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Materials Science Division, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore 560 017, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu JZ, Mao HK, Shu JF, Guo QZ, Liu HZ. Diamond anvil cell radial x-ray diffraction program at the National Synchrotron Light Source. J Phys Condens Matter 2006; 18:S1091-S1096. [PMID: 22611100 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the radial x-ray diffraction method using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed at the X17C beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source. The detailed experimental procedure used with energy dispersive x-ray diffraction is described. The advantages and limitations of using the energy dispersive method for DAC radial diffraction studies are also discussed. The results for FeO at 135 GPa and other radial diffraction experiments performed at X17C are discussed in this report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Z Hu
- X17 of NSLS, CARS, University of Chicago, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng Y, Shen G, Mao HK. Double-sided laser heating system at HPCAT for in situ x-ray diffraction at high pressures and high temperatures. J Phys Condens Matter 2006; 18:S1097-S1103. [PMID: 22611101 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An overview of a YLF:Nd laser heating system at the undulator x-ray diffraction station (16ID-B) of the high-pressure collaborative access team (HPCAT) of the Advanced Photon Source is presented. Based on the double-sided laser heating technique, the system is designed with considerable effort on the mechanical and optical stabilities, features for user-friendly operation, and the capability of accommodating diamond anvil cells of various heights up to 68 mm. This system has been used for x-ray diffraction studies of a wide range of materials to over 150 GPa and above 3000 K. Applying the laser heating technique to radial x-ray diffraction studies at simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature (PT) conditions requires heating to be conducted at variable angles relative to the x-ray direction. A rotation laser heating design is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Charles SJ, Butler JE, Feygelson BN, Newton ME, Carroll DL, Steeds JW, Darwish H, Yan CS, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Characterization of nitrogen doped chemical vapor deposited single crystal diamond before and after high pressure, high temperature annealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200405175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Eremets MI, Gavriliuk AG, Serebryanaya NR, Trojan IA, Dzivenko DA, Boehler R, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Structural transformation of molecular nitrogen to a single-bonded atomic state at high pressures. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11296-300. [PMID: 15634085 DOI: 10.1063/1.1814074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of molecular nitrogen to a single-bonded atomic nitrogen is of significant interest from a fundamental stand point and because it is the most energetic non-nuclear material predicted. We performed an x-ray diffraction of nitrogen at pressures up to 170 GPa. At 60 GPa, we found a transition from the rhombohedral (R3c) epsilon-N(2) phase to the zeta-N(2) phase, which we identified as orthorhombic with space group P222(1) and with four molecules per unit cell. This transition is accompanied by increasing intramolecular and decreasing intermolecular distances. The major transformation of this diatomic phase into the single-bonded (polymeric) phase, recently determined to have the cubic gauche structure (cg-N), proceeds as a first-order transition with a volume change of 22%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Eremets
- Max Planck Institute für Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Struzhkin VV, Mao HK, Hu J, Schwoerer-Böhning M, Shu J, Hemley RJ, Sturhahn W, Hu MY, Alp EE, Eng P, Shen G. Nuclear inelastic x-ray scattering of FeO to 48 GPa. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:255501. [PMID: 11736586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The partial density of vibrational states has been measured for Fe in compressed FeO (wüstite) using nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Substantial changes have been observed in the overall shape of the density of states close to the magnetic transition around 20 GPa from the paramagnetic (low pressure) to the antiferromagnetic (high pressure) state. The results indicate that strong magnetoelastic coupling in FeO is the driving force behind the changes in the phonon spectrum of FeO. The paper presents the first observation of changes in the density of terahertz acoustic phonon states under magnetic transition at high pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Struzhkin
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Somayazulu M, Madduri A, Goncharov AF, Tschauner O, McMillan PF, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Novel broken symmetry phase from N(2)O at high pressures and high temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:135504. [PMID: 11580605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple molecular solids become unstable at high pressures, typically transforming to dense framework and/or metallic structures. We report formation of an unusual ionic solid NO(+)NO(3)(-) (nitrosonium nitrate) from N(2)O at pressures above 20 GPa and temperatures above 1000 K. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction indicates that the compound crystallizes with a structure related to the aragonite form of CaCO(3) and NaNO(3). Raman and infrared spectroscopic data indicate that the structure is noncentrosymmetric and exhibits a strong pressure dependent charge transfer and orientational order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Somayazulu
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
CO(2) laser heating of solid CO(2) at pressures between 30 and 80 GPa shows that this compound breaks down to oxygen and diamond along a boundary having a negative P-T slope. This decomposition occurs at temperatures much lower than predicted in theory or inferred from previous experiment. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction were used as structural probes. At pressures higher than 40 GPa the decomposition is preceded by the formation of a new CO(2) phase (CO(2)-VI). These findings limit the stability of nonmolecular CO(2) phases to moderate temperatures and provide a new topology of the CO(2) phase diagram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Tschauner
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High-Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mao HK, Xu J, Struzhkin VV, Shu J, Hemley RJ, Sturhahn W, Hu MY, Alp EE, Vocadlo L, Alfè D, Price GD, Gillan MJ, Schwoerer-Böhning M, Häusermann D, Eng P, Shen G, Giefers H, Lübbers R, Wortmann G. Phonon density of states of iron up to 153 gigapascals. Science 2001; 292:914-6. [PMID: 11340201 DOI: 10.1126/science.1057670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report phonon densities of states (DOS) of iron measured by nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to 153 gigapascals and calculated from ab initio theory. Qualitatively, they are in agreement, but the theory predicts density at higher energies. From the DOS, we derive elastic and thermodynamic parameters of iron, including shear modulus, compressional and shear velocities, heat capacity, entropy, kinetic energy, zero-point energy, and Debye temperature. In comparison to the compressional and shear velocities from the preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) seismic model, our results suggest that Earth's inner core has a mean atomic number equal to or higher than pure iron, which is consistent with an iron-nickel alloy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Mao
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Loubeyre P, LeToullec R, Hausermann D, Hanfland M, Hemley RJ, Mao HK, Finger LW. X-ray diffraction and equation of state of hydrogen at megabar pressures. Nature 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/383702a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Fei Y, Mao HK. An externally heated high-temperature diamond anvil cell. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396077987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
23
|
Somayazulu MS, Finger LW, Hemley RJ, Mao HK. New high-pressure compounds in methane–hydrogen mixtures. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396078294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
24
|
Goncharov AF, Struzhkin VV, Somayazulu MS, Hemley RJ, Mao HK. Compression of Ice to 210 Gigapascals: Infrared Evidence for a Symmetric Hydrogen-Bonded Phase. Science 1996; 273:218-20. [PMID: 8662500 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5272.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protonated and deuterated ices (H2O and D2O) compressed to a maximum pressure of 210 gigapascals at 85 to 300 kelvin exhibit a phase transition at 60 gigapascals in H2O ice (70 gigapascals in D2O ice) on the basis of their infrared reflectance spectra determined with synchrotron radiation. The transition is characterized by soft-mode behavior of the nu3 O-H or O-D stretch below the transition, followed by a hardening (positive pressure shift) above it. This behavior is interpreted as the transformation of ice phase VII to a structure with symmetric hydrogen bonds. The spectroscopic features of the phase persisted to the maximum pressures (210 gigapascals) of the measurements, although changes in vibrational mode coupling were observed at 150 to 160 gigapascals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AF Goncharov
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
Abstract
X-ray synchrotron experiments with in situ laser heating of iron in a diamond-anvil cell show that the high-pressure epsilon phase, a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, transforms to another phase (possibly a polytype double-layer hcp) at a pressure of about 38 gigapascals and at temperatures between 1200 and 1500 kelvin. This information has implications for the phase relations of iron in Earth's core.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
To study the crystallography of Earth's lower mantle, techniques for measuring synchrotron x-ray diffraction from a laser-heated diamond anvil cell have been developed. Experiments on samples of (Mg, Fe)SiO(3) show that silicate perovskite maintains its orthorhombic symmetry at 38 gigapascals and 1850 kelvin. Measurements at 65 and 70 gigapascals provide evidence for a temperature-induced orthorhombic-to-cubic phase transition and dissociation to an assemblage of perovskite and mixed oxides. If these phase transitions occur in Earth, they will require a significant change in mineralogical models of the lower mantle.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements of FeO at high pressures and high temperatures revealed that the high-pressure phase of FeO has the NiAs structure (B8). The lattice parameters of this NiAs phase at 96 gigapascals and 800 kelvin are a = 2.574(2) angstroms and c = 5.172(4) angstroms (the number in parentheses is the error in the last digit). Metallic behavior of the high-pressure phase is consistent with a covalently and metallically bonded NiAs structure of FeO. Transition to the NiAs structure of FeO would enhance oxygen solubility in molten iron. This transition thus provides a physiochemical basis for the incorporation of oxygen into the Earth's core.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao L, Xue YY, Chen F, Xiong Q, Meng RL, Ramirez D, Chu CW, Eggert JH, Mao HK. Superconductivity up to 164 K in HgBa2Cam-1CumO2m+2+ delta (m=1, 2, and 3) under quasihydrostatic pressures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:4260-4263. [PMID: 9976724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
31
|
Eggert JH, Hu JZ, Mao HK, Beauvais L, Meng RL, Chu CW. Compressibility of the HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2+ delta (n=1,2,3) high-temperature superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:15299-15304. [PMID: 10010642 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
32
|
Abstract
Sound velocities in fluid and crystalline hydrogen were measured under pressure to 24 gigapascals by Brillouin spectroscopy in the diamond anvil cell. The results provide constraints on the intermolecular interactions of dense hydrogen and are used to construct an intermolecular potential consistent with all available data. Fluid perturbation theory calculations with the potential indicate that sound velocities in hydrogen at conditions of the molecular layer of the Jovian planets are lower than previously believed. Jovian models consistent with the present results remain discrepant with recent free oscillation spectra of the planet by 15 percent. The effect of changing interior temperatures, the metallic phase transition depth, and the fraction of high atomic number material on Jovian oscillation frequencies is also investigated with the Brillouin equation of state. The present data place strong constraints on sound velocities in the Jovian molecular layer and provide an improved basis for interpreting possible Jovian oscillations.
Collapse
|
33
|
Loubeyre P, LeToullec R, Pinceaux JP, Mao HK, Hu J, Hemley RJ. Equation of state and phase diagram of solid 4He from single-crystal x-ray diffraction over a large P-T domain. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:2272-2275. [PMID: 10054631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Stixrude L, Hemley RJ, Fei Y, Mao HK. Thermoelasticity of Silicate Perovskite and Magnesiowüstite and Stratification of the Earth's Mantle. Science 1992; 257:1099-101. [PMID: 17840278 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5073.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of x-ray-diffraction measurements on (Mg,Fe)SiO(3) perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite at simultaneous high temperature and pressure are used to determine pressure-volume-temperature equations of state and thermoelastic properties of these lower mantle minerals. Detailed comparison with the seismically observed density and bulk sound velocity profiles of the lower mantle does not support models of this region that assume compositions identical to that of the upper mantle. The data are consistent with lower mantle compositions consisting of nearly pure perovskite (>85 percent), which would indicate that the Earth's mantle is compositionally, and by implication, dynamically stratified.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hanfland M, Hemley RJ, Mao HK, Williams GP. Synchrotron infrared spectroscopy at megabar pressures: Vibrational dynamics of hydrogen to 180 GPa. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:1129-1132. [PMID: 10047130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Skelton EF, Ayers JD, Qadri SB, Moulton NE, Cooper KP, Finger LW, Mao HK, Hu Z. Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction from a Microscopic Single Crystal Under Pressure. Science 1991; 253:1123-5. [PMID: 17731809 DOI: 10.1126/science.253.5024.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Metallic filaments with submicrometer diametere have been fabricated. Standard diffraction techniques with conventional x-ray sources were unsuccessful in identifying the structure of these materials. However, with the use of synchrotron radiation produced on a wiggler beam line, diffraction data were obtained in measurement periods as short as 10 milliseconds. Two cylindrical single crystals of bismuth were studied, each with a diameter of 0.22 +/- 0.02 micrometer. The volume of sample illuminated for these measurements was 0.38 cubic micrometer, less than 0.5 femtoliter. The crystals are grown in glass capillaries, and, because bismuth expands on solidification, they are under a residual hoop stress. The crystallographic data indicate the presence of a linear compressive strain of about 2 percent, which is assumed to be the result of a residual stress of about 2 gigapascals.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Optical observations and x-ray diffraction measurements of the reaction between iron and hydrogen at high pressure to form iron hydride are described. The reaction is associated with a sudden pressure-induced expansion at 3.5 gigapascals of iron samples immersed in fluid hydrogen. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements carried out to 62 gigapascals demonstrate that iron hydride has a double hexagonal close-packed structure, a cell volume up to 17% larger than pure iron, and a stoichiometry close to FeH. These results greatly extend the pressure range over which the technologically important iron-hydrogen phase diagram has been characterized and have implications for problems ranging from hydrogen degradation and embrittlement of ferrous metals to the presence of hydrogen in Earth's metallic core.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hanfland M, Hemley RJ, Mao HK. Optical absorption measurements of hydrogen at megabar pressures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:8767-8770. [PMID: 9996542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
41
|
Mao HK, Hemley RJ, Fei Y, Shu JF, Chen LC, Jephcoat AP, Wu Y, Bassett WA. Effect of pressure, temperature, and composition on lattice parameters and density of (Fe,Mg)SiO3-perovskites to 30 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Hemley RJ, Mao HK, Shu JF. Low-frequency vibrational dynamics and structure of hydrogen at megabar pressures. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:2670-2673. [PMID: 10042662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
43
|
Hemley RJ, Mao HK, Finger LW, Jephcoat AP, Hazen RM, Zha CS. Equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium from single-crystal x-ray diffraction to 26.5 GPa. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:6458-6470. [PMID: 9994729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
44
|
Abstract
The vibrational Raman spectrum of solid hydrogen has been measured from 77 to 295 K in the vicinity of the recently observed insulator-metal transition and low-temperature phase transition at 150 gigapascals (1.5 megabars). The measurements provide evidence for a critical point in the pressure-temperature phase boundary of the low-temperature transition. The result suggests that below the critical temperature the insulator-metal transition changes from continuous to discontinuous, consistent with the general criteria originally proposed by Mott for metallization by band-gap closure. The effect of temperature on hydrogen metallization closely resembles that of the lower pressure insulator-metal transitions in doped V(2)O(3) alloys.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mao HK, Hemley RJ, Hanfland M. Infrared reflectance measurements of the insulator-metal transition in solid hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:484-487. [PMID: 10042932 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
46
|
Mao HK, Wu Y, Hemley RJ, Chen LC, Shu JF, Finger LW, Cox DE. High-pressure phase transition and equation of state of CsI. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 64:1749-1752. [PMID: 10041479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
47
|
Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Response
: Evidence for Band Overlap Metallization of Hydrogen. Science 1990. [DOI: 10.1126/science.247.4944.863.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Mao
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2801 Upton Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008
| | - R. J. Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2801 Upton Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Response
: Evidence for Band Overlap Metallization of Hydrogen. Science 1990. [DOI: 10.1126/science.247.4944.863-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Mao
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2801 Upton Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008
| | - R. J. Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2801 Upton Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Mao HK, Wu Y, Chen LC, Shu JF, Jephcoat AP. Static compression of iron to 300 GPa and Fe0.8Ni0.2alloy to 260 GPa: Implications for composition of the core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib13p21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|