1
|
Myint PC, Sterbentz DM, Brown JL, Stoltzfus BS, Delplanque JPR, Belof JL. Scaling Law for the Onset of Solidification at Extreme Undercooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106101. [PMID: 37739355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-isentropic compression enables one to study the solidification of metastable liquid states that are inaccessible through other experimental means. The onset of this nonequilibrium solidification is known to depend on the compression rate and material-specific factors, but this complex interdependence has not been well characterized. In this study, we use a combination of experiments, theory, and computational simulations to derive a general scaling law that quantifies this dependence. One of its applications is a novel means to elucidate melt temperatures at high pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Dane M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Justin L Brown
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre R Delplanque
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marshall MC, Millot M, Fratanduono DE, Sterbentz DM, Myint PC, Belof JL, Kim YJ, Coppari F, Ali SJ, Eggert JH, Smith RF, McNaney JM. Metastability of Liquid Water Freezing into Ice VII under Dynamic Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:135701. [PMID: 34623849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature and unusual properties of water have motivated many studies on its metastability under temperature- or pressure-induced phase transformations. Here, nanosecond compression by a high-power laser is used to create the nonequilibrium conditions where liquid water persists well into the stable region of ice VII. Through our experiments, as well as a complementary theoretical-computational analysis based on classical nucleation theory, we report that the metastability limit of liquid water under nearly isentropic compression from ambient conditions is at least 8 GPa, higher than the 7 GPa previously reported for lower loading rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J M McNaney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krygier A, Powell PD, McNaney JM, Huntington CM, Prisbrey ST, Remington BA, Rudd RE, Swift DC, Wehrenberg CE, Arsenlis A, Park HS, Graham P, Gumbrell E, Hill MP, Comley AJ, Rothman SD. Extreme Hardening of Pb at High Pressure and Strain Rate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:205701. [PMID: 31809064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the high-pressure strength of Pb and Pb-4wt%Sb at the National Ignition Facility. We measure Rayleigh-Taylor growth of preformed ripples ramp compressed to ∼400 GPa peak pressure, among the highest-pressure strength measurements ever reported on any platform. We find agreement with 2D simulations using the Improved Steinberg-Guinan strength model for body-centered-cubic Pb; the Pb-4wt%Sb alloy behaves similarly within the error bars. The combination of high-rate, pressure-induced hardening and polymorphism yield an average inferred flow stress of ∼3.8 GPa at high pressure, a ∼250-fold increase, changing Pb from soft to extremely strong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Krygier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P D Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J M McNaney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D C Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Arsenlis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Gumbrell
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - M P Hill
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A J Comley
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S D Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Swift DC, Fratanduono DE, Kraus RG, Dowling EA. Non-iterative characteristics analysis for high-pressure ramp loading. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:093903. [PMID: 31575262 DOI: 10.1063/1.5063830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the canonical ramp compression experiment, a smoothly increasing load is applied to the surface of the sample, and the particle velocity history is measured at two or more different distances into the sample, at interfaces where the surface of the sample can be probed. The velocity histories are used to deduce a stress-density relation, usually using iterative Lagrangian analysis to account for the perturbing effect of the impedance mismatch at the interface. In that technique, a stress-density relation is assumed in order to correct for the perturbation and is adjusted until it becomes consistent with the deduced stress-density relation. This process is subject to the usual difficulties of nonlinear optimization, such as the existence of local minima (sensitivity to the initial guess), possible failure to converge, and relatively large computational effort. We show that, by considering the interaction of successive characteristics reaching a free surface, the stress-density relation can be deduced directly by recursion rather than iteration. This calculation is orders of magnitude faster than iterative analysis and does not require an initial guess. Direct recursion may be less suitable for very noisy data, but it was robust when applied to trial data. The stress-density relation deduced was identical to the result from iterative Lagrangian analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian C Swift
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Dayne E Fratanduono
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Richard G Kraus
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Evan A Dowling
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brown JL, Hund LB. Estimating material properties under extreme conditions by using Bayesian model calibration with functional outputs. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Brown
- Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque USA
| | - L. B. Hund
- Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park HS, Rudd RE, Cavallo RM, Barton NR, Arsenlis A, Belof JL, Blobaum KJM, El-dasher BS, Florando JN, Huntington CM, Maddox BR, May MJ, Plechaty C, Prisbrey ST, Remington BA, Wallace RJ, Wehrenberg CE, Wilson MJ, Comley AJ, Giraldez E, Nikroo A, Farrell M, Randall G, Gray GT. Grain-size-independent plastic flow at ultrahigh pressures and strain rates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:065502. [PMID: 25723227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.065502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A basic tenet of material science is that the flow stress of a metal increases as its grain size decreases, an effect described by the Hall-Petch relation. This relation is used extensively in material design to optimize the hardness, durability, survivability, and ductility of structural metals. This Letter reports experimental results in a new regime of high pressures and strain rates that challenge this basic tenet of mechanical metallurgy. We report measurements of the plastic flow of the model body-centered-cubic metal tantalum made under conditions of high pressure (>100 GPa) and strain rate (∼10(7) s(-1)) achieved by using the Omega laser. Under these unique plastic deformation ("flow") conditions, the effect of grain size is found to be negligible for grain sizes >0.25 μm sizes. A multiscale model of the plastic flow suggests that pressure and strain rate hardening dominate over the grain-size effects. Theoretical estimates, based on grain compatibility and geometrically necessary dislocations, corroborate this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R M Cavallo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - N R Barton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Arsenlis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K J M Blobaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B S El-dasher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J N Florando
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B R Maddox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J May
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C Plechaty
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R J Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A J Comley
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - G Randall
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - G T Gray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Yep SJ, Belof JL, Orlikowski DA, Nguyen JH. Fabrication and application of high impedance graded density impactors in light gas gun experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:103909. [PMID: 24182131 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in Graded Density Impactor fabrication technique have increased the maximum achievable pressure in gas gun quasi-isentropic experiments to 5 Mbars. In this report, we outline the latest methodologies and applications of Graded Density Impactors in experiments at extreme conditions. These new Graded Density Impactors are essentially metallic discs made of nearly one hundred layers of precisely mixed Mg, Cu, and W. The density gradients in these impactors are specifically designed to generate the desired thermodynamic path required for each experiment. We carried out a number of experiments at various pressures using these Graded Density Impactors. These experimental results and their simulations will be presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Yep
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Robinson DR, Wilson M. The liquid<−>amorphous transition and the high pressure phase diagram of carbon. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:155101. [PMID: 23462588 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/15/155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of carbon is mapped to high pressure using a computationally-tractable potential model. The use of a relatively simple (Tersoff-II) potential model allows a large range of phase space to be explored. The coexistence (melting) curve for the diamond crystal/liquid dyad is mapped directly by modelling the solid/liquid interfaces. The melting curve is found to be re-entrant and belongs to a conformal class of diamond/liquid coexistence curves. On supercooling the liquid a phase transition to a tetrahedral amorphous form (ta-C) is observed. The liquid <−> amorphous coexistence curve is mapped onto the pT plane and is found to also be re-entrant. The entropy changes for both melting and the amorphous −> liquid transitions are obtained from the respective coexistence curves and the associated changes in molar volume. The structural change on amorphization is analysed at different points on the coexistence curve including for transitions that are both isochoric and isocoordinate (no change in nearest-neighbour coordination number). The conformal nature of the melting curve is highlighted with respect to the known behaviour of Si. The relationship of the observed liquid/amorphous coexistence curve to the Si low- and high-density amorphous (LDA/HDA) transition is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Huang X, Chen G, Cai J, Zhang H, Sun C, Zhao J, Liu S, Fu S. Laser-driven plasma loader and solid matter ramp compression experiments on SG-II Laser. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20122601034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
11
|
Abstract
This review discusses new developments in shock compression science with a focus on molecular media. Some basic features of shock and detonation waves, nonlinear excitations that can produce extreme states of high temperature and high pressure, are described. Methods of generating and detecting shock waves are reviewed, especially those using tabletop lasers that can be interfaced with advanced molecular diagnostics. Newer compression methods such as shockless compression and precompression shock that generate states of cold dense molecular matter are discussed. Shock compression creates a metallic form of hydrogen, melts diamond, and makes water a superionic liquid with unique catalytic properties. Our understanding of detonations at the molecular level has improved a great deal as a result of advanced nonequilibrium molecular simulations. Experimental measurements of detailed molecular behavior behind a detonation front might be available soon using femtosecond lasers to produce nanoscale simulated detonation fronts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana D. Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park HS, Lorenz KT, Cavallo RM, Pollaine SM, Prisbrey ST, Rudd RE, Becker RC, Bernier JV, Remington BA. Viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments at high pressure and strain rate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:135504. [PMID: 20481894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental results showing significant reductions from classical in the Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth rate due to high pressure effective lattice viscosity are presented. Using a laser created ramped drive, vanadium samples are compressed and accelerated quasi-isentropically at approximately 1 Mbar peak pressures, while maintaining the sample in the solid state. Comparisons with simulations and theory indicate that the high pressure, high strain rate conditions trigger a phonon drag mechanism, resulting in the observed high effective lattice viscosity and strong stabilization of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
High-Rate Plastic Deformation of Nanocrystalline Tantalum to Large Strains: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the ability to generate extremes of pressure and temperature in dynamic experiments and to probe the response of materials has motivated the need for special materials optimized for those conditions as well as a need for a much deeper understanding of the behavior of materials subjected to high pressure and/or temperature. Of particular importance is the understanding of rate effects at the extremely high rates encountered in those experiments, especially with the next generation of laser drives such as at the National Ignition Facility. Here we use large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the high-rate deformation of nanocrystalline tantalum to investigate the processes associated with plastic deformation for strains up to 100%. We use initial atomic configurations that were produced through simulations of solidification in the work of Streitz et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, (2006) 225701]. These 3D polycrystalline systems have typical grain sizes of 10-20 nm. We also study a rapidly quenched liquid (amorphous solid) tantalum. We apply a constant volume (isochoric), constant temperature (isothermal) shear deformation over a range of strain rates, and compute the resulting stress-strain curves to large strains for both uniaxial and biaxial compression. We study the rate dependence and identify plastic deformation mechanisms. The identification of the mechanisms is facilitated through a novel technique that computes the local grain orientation, returning it as a quaternion for each atom. This analysis technique is robust and fast, and has been used to compute the orientations on the fly during our parallel MD simulations on supercomputers. We find both dislocation and twinning processes are important, and they interact in the weak strain hardening in these extremely fine-grained microstructures.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Piriz AR, López Cela JJ, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH. Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in elastic-plastic media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:056401. [PMID: 19113220 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytical model for the linear Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in solids under conditions of high-energy density is presented, in order to describe the evolution of small perturbations at the solid-vacuum interface. The model shows that plasticity determines the maximum perturbation amplitude and provides simple scaling laws for it as well as for the time when it is reached. After the maximum amplitude is reached, the interface remains oscillating with a period that is determined by the elastic shear modulus. Extensive two-dimensional simulations are presented that show excellent agreement with the analytical model. The results suggest the possibility to experimentally evaluate the yield strength of solids under dynamic conditions by using a Richtmyer-Meshkov-instability-based technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park H, Remington BA, Braun D, Celliers P, Collins GW, Eggert J, Giraldez E, Pape SL, Lorenz T, Maddox B, Hamza A, Ho D, Hicks D, Patel P, Pollaine S, Prisbrey S, Smith R, Swift D, Wallace R. Quasi-isentropic material property studies at extreme pressures: from omega to NIF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Ao T, Asay JR, Chantrenne S, Baer MR, Hall CA. A compact strip-line pulsed power generator for isentropic compression experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:013903. [PMID: 18248046 DOI: 10.1063/1.2827509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Veloce is a medium-voltage, high-current, compact pulsed power generator developed for isentropic and shock compression experiments. Because of its increased availability and ease of operation, Veloce is well suited for studying isentropic compression experiments (ICE) in much greater detail than previously allowed with larger pulsed power machines such as the Z accelerator. Since the compact pulsed power technology used for dynamic material experiments has not been previously used, it is necessary to examine several key issues to ensure that accurate results are obtained. In the present experiments, issues such as panel and sample preparation, uniformity of loading, and edge effects were extensively examined. In addition, magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the ALEGRA code were performed to interpret the experimental results and to design improved sample/panel configurations. Examples of recent ICE studies on aluminum are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramesh KT. High Rates and Impact Experiments. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL SOLID MECHANICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-30877-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
19
|
Smith RF, Eggert JH, Jankowski A, Celliers PM, Edwards MJ, Gupta YM, Asay JR, Collins GW. Stiff response of aluminum under ultrafast shockless compression to 110 GPA. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:065701. [PMID: 17358956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.065701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A laser-produced x-ray drive was used to shocklessly compress solid aluminum to a peak longitudinal stress of 110 GPa within 10 ns. Interface velocities versus time for multiple sample thicknesses were measured and converted to stress density (Px-rho) using an iterative Lagrangian analysis. These are the fastest shockless compression Px(rho) results reported to date, and are stiffer than models that have been benchmarked against both static and shock-wave experiments. The present results suggest that at these short time scales there is a higher stress-dependent strength and a stiffer time-dependent inelastic response than had been expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Swift DC, Johnson RP. Quasi-isentropic compression by ablative laser loading: response of materials to dynamic loading on nanosecond time scales. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:066401. [PMID: 16089874 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.066401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The TRIDENT laser was used to induce quasi-isentropic compression waves to approximately 15 GPa in samples of Si, by ablative loading using a laser pulse whose intensity increased smoothly over 2.5 ns. The intensity history of the pulse and the velocity history at the opposite surface of the sample were recorded. Experiments were performed using samples of two different thicknesses simultaneously, in which the evolution of the compression wave was clearly visible. Isentropic stress states deduced were consistent with the previously investigated response of Si to uniaxial loading. The ablative loading was simulated using radiation hydrodynamics, with different equations of state in the plasma and condensed regions and including elasticity in the solid Si. These calculations reproduced the measured velocity histories quite well, demonstrating that quasi-isentropic compression was induced with no preheat from the laser drive. Normal continuum behavior was demonstrated to hold below nanosecond time scales for isentropic compression waves, with no evidence for nonequilibrium effects in the crystal lattice. Details of the velocity history over about 10 GPa were reproduced less well, suggesting a deficiency in the model used for compressed Si, which may be consistent with recent theoretical predictions of uniaxial compression at high strain rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian C Swift
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS E526, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|