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Adair CM, Altenmüller K, Anastassopoulos V, Arguedas Cuendis S, Baier J, Barth K, Belov A, Bozicevic D, Bräuninger H, Cantatore G, Caspers F, Castel JF, Çetin SA, Chung W, Choi H, Choi J, Dafni T, Davenport M, Dermenev A, Desch K, Döbrich B, Fischer H, Funk W, Galan J, Gardikiotis A, Gninenko S, Golm J, Hasinoff MD, Hoffmann DHH, Díez Ibáñez D, Irastorza IG, Jakovčić K, Kaminski J, Karuza M, Krieger C, Kutlu Ç, Lakić B, Laurent JM, Lee J, Lee S, Luzón G, Malbrunot C, Margalejo C, Maroudas M, Miceli L, Mirallas H, Obis L, Özbey A, Özbozduman K, Pivovaroff MJ, Rosu M, Ruz J, Ruiz-Chóliz E, Schmidt S, Schumann M, Semertzidis YK, Solanki SK, Stewart L, Tsagris I, Vafeiadis T, Vogel JK, Vretenar M, Youn S, Zioutas K. Search for Dark Matter Axions with CAST-CAPP. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6180. [PMID: 36261453 PMCID: PMC9581938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for axions in the 19.74 μeV to 22.47 μeV mass range. The detection concept follows the Sikivie haloscope principle, where Dark Matter axions convert into photons within a resonator immersed in a magnetic field. The CAST-CAPP resonator is an array of four individual rectangular cavities inserted in a strong dipole magnet, phase-matched to maximize the detection sensitivity. Here we report on the data acquired for 4124 h from 2019 to 2021. Each cavity is equipped with a fast frequency tuning mechanism of 10 MHz/ min between 4.774 GHz and 5.434 GHz. In the present work, we exclude axion-photon couplings for virialized galactic axions down to gaγγ = 8 × 10−14 GeV−1 at the 90% confidence level. The here implemented phase-matching technique also allows for future large-scale upgrades. Haloscopes aim at detecting axions by converting them into photons using high-quality resonant cavities, where the cavity resonance should be tuned with the unknown axion mass. Here, the authors improve exclusion limits using four phase-matched resonant cavities and a fast frequency scanning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Adair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - K Altenmüller
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | | | - S Arguedas Cuendis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - J Baier
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - A Belov
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - D Bozicevic
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Engineering, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - H Bräuninger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, D-85741, Germany
| | - G Cantatore
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy.,Università di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - F Caspers
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland.,European Scientific Institute (ESI), Archamps, 74160, France
| | - J F Castel
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - S A Çetin
- Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - W Chung
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - H Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - T Dafni
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - M Davenport
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - A Dermenev
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - K Desch
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - B Döbrich
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - J Galan
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - A Gardikiotis
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.,Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 22762, Germany
| | - S Gninenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - J Golm
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - M D Hasinoff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Xi'An Jiaotong University, School of Science, Xi'An, 710049, China
| | - D Díez Ibáñez
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - I G Irastorza
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - K Jakovčić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - J Kaminski
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - M Karuza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy.,University of Rijeka, Faculty of Physics, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia.,University of Rijeka, Photonics and Quantum Optics Unit, Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, and Centre for Micro and Nano Sciences and Technologies, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - C Krieger
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22761, Germany
| | - Ç Kutlu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - B Lakić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - J M Laurent
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - J Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - G Luzón
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - C Malbrunot
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - C Margalejo
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - M Maroudas
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
| | - L Miceli
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - H Mirallas
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - L Obis
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - A Özbey
- Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey.,Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
| | - K Özbozduman
- Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey. .,Bogazici University, Physics Department, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M J Pivovaroff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Rosu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - J Ruz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Chóliz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Solanki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - L Stewart
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - I Tsagris
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - T Vafeiadis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - J K Vogel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - M Vretenar
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Physics, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia.,Adaptive Quantum Optics (AQO), MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - K Zioutas
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.,European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
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Zhao YT, Zhang YN, Cheng R, He B, Liu CL, Zhou XM, Lei Y, Wang YY, Ren JR, Wang X, Chen YH, Xiao GQ, Savin SM, Gavrilin R, Golubev AA, Hoffmann DHH. Benchmark Experiment to Prove the Role of Projectile Excited States Upon the Ion Stopping in Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:115001. [PMID: 33798346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a precision energy loss measurement and theoretical investigation of 100 keV/u helium ions in a hydrogen-discharge plasma. Collision processes of helium ions with protons, free electrons, and hydrogen atoms are ideally suited for benchmarking plasma stopping-power models. Energy loss results of our experiments are significantly higher than the predictions of traditional effective charge models. We obtained good agreement with our data by solving rate equations, where in addition to the ground state, also excited electronic configurations were considered for the projectile ions. Hence, we demonstrate that excited projectile states, resulting from collisions, leading to capture-, ionization-, and radiative-decay processes, play an important role in the stopping process in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y N Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - R Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - C L Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - X M Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Y Lei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J R Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - X Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - G Q Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S M Savin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - R Gavrilin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - A A Golubev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
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3
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Chen BZ, Wu D, Ren JR, Hoffmann DHH, Zhao YT. Transport of intense particle beams in large-scale plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:051203. [PMID: 32575315 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transport of particle beams in plasmas is widely employed in fundamental research, industry, and medicine. Due to the high inertia of ion beams, their transport in plasmas is usually assumed to be stable. Here we report the focusing and flapping of intense slab proton beams transporting through large-scale plasmas by using a recently developed kinetic particle-in-cell simulation code. The beam self-focusing effect in the simulation is prominent and agrees well with previous experiments and theories. Moreover, the beam can curve and flap like turbulence as the beam density increases. Simulation and analysis indicate that the self-generated magnetic fields, produced by movement of collisional plasmas, are the dominant driver of such behaviors. By analyzing the spatial growth rate of magnetic energy and energy deposition of injected proton beams, it is found that the focusing and flapping are significantly determined by the injected beam densities and energies. In addition, a remarkable nonlinear beam energy loss is observed. Our research might find application in inertial confinement fusion and also might be of interest to the laboratory astrophysics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J R Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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4
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Wu D, Yu W, Zhao YT, Hoffmann DHH, Fritzsche S, He XT. Particle-in-cell simulation of transport and energy deposition of intense proton beams in solid-state materials. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:013208. [PMID: 31499819 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.013208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code is used to investigate the transport and energy deposition of an intense proton beam in solid-state material. This code is able to simulate close particle interactions by using a Monte Carlo binary collision model. Such a model takes into account all related interactions between the incident protons and material particles, e.g., proton-nucleus, proton-bound-electron, and proton-free-electron collisions. This code also includes a Monte Carlo model for the collisional ionization and electron-ion recombination as well as the depression of the ionization potential by shielding of surrounding particles. Moreover, for intense proton beams, in order to include collective electromagnetic effects, significantly speed up the simulation, and simultaneously avoid numerical instabilities, an approach that combines the PIC method with a reduced model of high-density plasma based on Ohm's law is used. Simulation results indicate that the collective electromagnetic effects have a significant influence on the transport and energy deposition of proton beams. The Ohmic electric field would increase the stopping power and leads to a shortened range of proton beams in solid. The magnetic field would localize the energy deposition by collimating proton beams, which would otherwise be deflected by the collisions with nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - X T He
- Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
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5
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Schanz M, Endres M, Löwe K, Lienig T, Deppert O, Lang PM, Varentsov D, Hoffmann DHH, Gutfleisch O. High energy proton induced radiation damage of rare earth permanent magnet quadrupoles. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:125103. [PMID: 29289214 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) are an alternative to common electromagnetic quadrupoles especially for fixed rigidity beam transport scenarios at particle accelerators. Using those magnets for experimental setups can result in certain scenarios, in which a PMQ itself may be exposed to a large amount of primary and secondary particles with a broad energy spectrum, interacting with the magnetic material and affecting its magnetic properties. One specific scenario is proton microscopy, where a proton beam traverses an object and a collimator in which a part of the beam is scattered and deflected into PMQs used as part of a diagnostic system. During the commissioning of the PRIOR (Proton Microscope for Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) high energy proton microscope facility prototype at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 2014, a significant reduction of the image quality was observed which was partially attributed to the demagnetization of the used PMQ lenses and the corresponding decrease of the field quality. In order to study this phenomenon, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out and spare units manufactured from the same magnetic material-single wedges and a fully assembled PMQ module-were deliberately irradiated by a 3.6 GeV intense proton beam. The performed investigations have shown that in proton radiography applications the above described scattering may result in a high irradiation dose in the PMQ magnets. This did not only decrease the overall magnetic strength of the PMQs but also caused a significant degradation of the field quality of an assembled PMQ module by increasing the parasitic multipole field harmonics which effectively makes PMQs impractical for proton radiography applications or similar scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schanz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Endres
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Löwe
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Lienig
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Deppert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P M Lang
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Varentsov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - O Gutfleisch
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Stöckl C, Roth M, Süß W, Wetzler H, Seelig W, Kulish M, Spiller P, Jacoby J, Hoffmann DHH. Experiments on the Interaction of Heavy-Ion Beams with Dense Plasmas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst97-a30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stöckl
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Roth
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W. Süß
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H. Wetzler
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W. Seelig
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Kulish
- Institute for Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - P. Spiller
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1 D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Jacoby
- Universität ErlangenErwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91085 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. H. H. Hoffmann
- Universität ErlangenErwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91085 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Varentsov D, Antonov O, Bakhmutova A, Barnes CW, Bogdanov A, Danly CR, Efimov S, Endres M, Fertman A, Golubev AA, Hoffmann DHH, Ionita B, Kantsyrev A, Krasik YE, Lang PM, Lomonosov I, Mariam FG, Markov N, Merrill FE, Mintsev VB, Nikolaev D, Panyushkin V, Rodionova M, Schanz M, Schoenberg K, Semennikov A, Shestov L, Skachkov VS, Turtikov V, Udrea S, Vasylyev O, Weyrich K, Wilde C, Zubareva A. Commissioning of the PRIOR proton microscope. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:023303. [PMID: 26931841 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new high energy proton microscopy facility PRIOR (Proton Microscope for FAIR Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research) has been designed, constructed, and successfully commissioned at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt, Germany). As a result of the experiments with 3.5-4.5 GeV proton beams delivered by the heavy ion synchrotron SIS-18 of GSI, 30 μm spatial and 10 ns temporal resolutions of the proton microscope have been demonstrated. A new pulsed power setup for studying properties of matter under extremes has been developed for the dynamic commissioning of the PRIOR facility. This paper describes the PRIOR setup as well as the results of the first static and dynamic proton radiography experiments performed at GSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Varentsov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Antonov
- Physics Department, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Bakhmutova
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - C W Barnes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - A Bogdanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - C R Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - S Efimov
- Physics Department, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Endres
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Fertman
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Golubev
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - B Ionita
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kantsyrev
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - P M Lang
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Lomonosov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - F G Mariam
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - N Markov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - V B Mintsev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - D Nikolaev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - V Panyushkin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Rodionova
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Schanz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Schoenberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Shestov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V S Skachkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Turtikov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Udrea
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Vasylyev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Weyrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - A Zubareva
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
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8
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Wamers F, Marganiec J, Aksouh F, Aksyutina Y, Álvarez-Pol H, Aumann T, Beceiro-Novo S, Boretzky K, Borge MJG, Chartier M, Chatillon A, Chulkov LV, Cortina-Gil D, Emling H, Ershova O, Fraile LM, Fynbo HOU, Galaviz D, Geissel H, Heil M, Hoffmann DHH, Johansson HT, Jonson B, Karagiannis C, Kiselev OA, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Kurz N, Langer C, Lantz M, Le Bleis T, Lemmon R, Litvinov YA, Mahata K, Müntz C, Nilsson T, Nociforo C, Nyman G, Ott W, Panin V, Paschalis S, Perea A, Plag R, Reifarth R, Richter A, Rodriguez-Tajes C, Rossi D, Riisager K, Savran D, Schrieder G, Simon H, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Tengblad O, Weick H, Wimmer C, Zhukov MV. First observation of the unbound nucleus 15Ne. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:132502. [PMID: 24745409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first observation of the unbound proton-rich nucleus 15Ne. Its ground state and first excited state were populated in two-neutron knockout reactions from a beam of 500 MeV/u 17Ne. The 15Ne ground state is found to be unbound by 2.522(66) MeV. The decay proceeds directly to 13O with simultaneous two-proton emission. No evidence for sequential decay via the energetically allowed 2- and 1- states in 14F is observed. The 15Ne ground state is shown to have a strong configuration with two protons in the (sd) shell around 13O with a 63(5)% (1s1/2)2 component.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wamers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Marganiec
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Aksouh
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu Aksyutina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Álvarez-Pol
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Aumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Beceiro-Novo
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K Boretzky
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M J G Borge
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Chartier
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - A Chatillon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L V Chulkov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and NRC Kurchatov Institute, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Emling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Ershova
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L M Fraile
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H O U Fynbo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Galaviz
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Heil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H T Johansson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - B Jonson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Karagiannis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O A Kiselev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kulessa
- Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Jagelloński, PL-30-059 Krakóv, Poland
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Langer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Lantz
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden and Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Uppsala Universitet, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Le Bleis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Physik-Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Lemmon
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Mahata
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - C Müntz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Nilsson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Nyman
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - W Ott
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Panin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Paschalis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - A Perea
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Plag
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Reifarth
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Rodriguez-Tajes
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Rossi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Riisager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Savran
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Schrieder
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Simon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Stroth
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Sümmerer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Tengblad
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wimmer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M V Zhukov
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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9
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Arik M, Aune S, Barth K, Belov A, Borghi S, Bräuninger H, Cantatore G, Carmona JM, Cetin SA, Collar JI, Da Riva E, Dafni T, Davenport M, Eleftheriadis C, Elias N, Fanourakis G, Ferrer-Ribas E, Friedrich P, Galán J, García JA, Gardikiotis A, Garza JG, Gazis EN, Geralis T, Georgiopoulou E, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Gómez H, Gómez Marzoa M, Gruber E, Guthörl T, Hartmann R, Hauf S, Haug F, Hasinoff MD, Hoffmann DHH, Iguaz FJ, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Jakovčić K, Karuza M, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krčmar M, Kuster M, Lakić B, Lang PM, Laurent JM, Liolios A, Ljubičić A, Luzón G, Neff S, Niinikoski T, Nordt A, Papaevangelou T, Pivovaroff MJ, Raffelt G, Riege H, Rodríguez A, Rosu M, Ruz J, Savvidis I, Shilon I, Silva PS, Solanki SK, Stewart L, Tomás A, Tsagri M, van Bibber K, Vafeiadis T, Villar J, Vogel JK, Yildiz SC, Zioutas K. Search for solar axions by the CERN axion solar telescope with 3He buffer gas: closing the hot dark matter gap. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:091302. [PMID: 24655238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope has finished its search for solar axions with (3)He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV ≲ ma ≲ 1.17 eV. This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually overlaps with it. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of gaγ ≲ 3.3 × 10(-10) GeV(-1) at 95% C.L., with the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of gaγ, for example by the currently discussed next generation helioscope International AXion Observatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arik
- Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Aune
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Belov
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - H Bräuninger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - G Cantatore
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste and Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - E Da Riva
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - T Dafni
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Davenport
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - N Elias
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - G Fanourakis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - E Ferrer-Ribas
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Friedrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - J Galán
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J A García
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gardikiotis
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - J G Garza
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E N Gazis
- National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T Geralis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - I Giomataris
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Gninenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Gómez Marzoa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - E Gruber
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Guthörl
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - S Hauf
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Haug
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - M D Hasinoff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F J Iguaz
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I G Irastorza
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Jacoby
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Jakovčić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Karuza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste and Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - K Königsmann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Kotthaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M Krčmar
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Kuster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany and Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lakić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P M Lang
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J M Laurent
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Liolios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Ljubičić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Luzón
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Neff
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Niinikoski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Nordt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany and Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Papaevangelou
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M J Pivovaroff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - G Raffelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - H Riege
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Rosu
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Ruz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - I Savvidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Shilon
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P S Silva
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - S K Solanki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Stewart
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Tomás
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Tsagri
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - K van Bibber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - T Vafeiadis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - J Villar
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J K Vogel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | | | - K Zioutas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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10
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Frank A, Blažević A, Bagnoud V, Basko MM, Börner M, Cayzac W, Kraus D, Hessling T, Hoffmann DHH, Ortner A, Otten A, Pelka A, Pepler D, Schumacher D, Tauschwitz A, Roth M. Energy loss and charge transfer of argon in a laser-generated carbon plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:115001. [PMID: 25166546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on the measurement of the energy loss and the projectile charge states of argon ions at an energy of 4 MeV/u penetrating a fully ionized carbon plasma. The plasma of n(e)≈10(20) cm(-3) and T(e)≈180 eV is created by two laser beams at λ(Las)=532 nm incident from opposite sides on a thin carbon foil. The resulting plasma is spatially homogenous and allows us to record precise experimental data. The data show an increase of a factor of 2 in the stopping power which is in very good agreement with a specifically developed Monte Carlo code, that allows the calculation of the heavy ion beam's charge state distribution and its energy loss in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frank
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - A Blažević
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
| | - M M Basko
- ITEP, B. Cheremushkinskaja 25, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - M Börner
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - W Cayzac
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - D Kraus
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - T Hessling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - A Ortner
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - A Otten
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - A Pelka
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - D Pepler
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Schumacher
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - An Tauschwitz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
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11
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Arik M, Aune S, Barth K, Belov A, Borghi S, Bräuninger H, Cantatore G, Carmona JM, Cetin SA, Collar JI, Dafni T, Davenport M, Eleftheriadis C, Elias N, Ezer C, Fanourakis G, Ferrer-Ribas E, Friedrich P, Galán J, García JA, Gardikiotis A, Gazis EN, Geralis T, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Gómez H, Gruber E, Guthörl T, Hartmann R, Haug F, Hasinoff MD, Hoffmann DHH, Iguaz FJ, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Jakovčić K, Karuza M, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krčmar M, Kuster M, Lakić B, Laurent JM, Liolios A, Ljubičić A, Lozza V, Lutz G, Luzón G, Morales J, Niinikoski T, Nordt A, Papaevangelou T, Pivovaroff MJ, Raffelt G, Rashba T, Riege H, Rodríguez A, Rosu M, Ruz J, Savvidis I, Silva PS, Solanki SK, Stewart L, Tomás A, Tsagri M, van Bibber K, Vafeiadis T, Villar JA, Vogel JK, Yildiz SC, Zioutas K. Search for sub-eV mass solar axions by the CERN Axion Solar Telescope with 3He buffer gas. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:261302. [PMID: 22243149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.261302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has extended its search for solar axions by using (3)He as a buffer gas. At T=1.8 K this allows for larger pressure settings and hence sensitivity to higher axion masses than our previous measurements with (4)He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of 252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV≲m(a)≲0.64 eV. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g(aγ)≲2.3×10(-10) GeV(-1) at 95% C.L., the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axions are excluded at the upper end of our mass range, the first time ever for any solar axion search. In the future we will extend our search to m(a)≲1.15 eV, comfortably overlapping with cosmological hot dark matter bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arik
- Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Hessling T, Blažević A, Frank A, Kraus D, Roth M, Schaumann G, Schumacher D, Stöhlker T, Hoffmann DHH. Time- and spectrally resolved measurements of laser-driven hohlraum radiation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:016412. [PMID: 21867327 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.016412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
At the GSI Helmholtz center for heavy-ion research combined experiments with heavy ions and laser-produced plasmas are investigated. As a preparation to utilize indirectly heated targets, where a converter hohlraum provides thermal radiation to create a more homogeneous plasma, this converter target has to be characterized. In this paper the latest results of these measurements are presented. Small spherical cavities with diameters between 600 and 750 μm were heated with laser energies up to 30 J at 532-nm wavelength. Radiation temperatures could be determined by time-resolved as well as time-integrated diagnostics, and maximum values of up to 35 eV were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hessling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Frank A, Blazević A, Grande PL, Harres K, Hessling T, Hoffmann DHH, Knobloch-Maas R, Kuznetsov PG, Nürnberg F, Pelka A, Schaumann G, Schiwietz G, Schökel A, Schollmeier M, Schumacher D, Schütrumpf J, Vatulin VV, Vinokurov OA, Roth M. Energy loss of argon in a laser-generated carbon plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:026401. [PMID: 20365659 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The experimental data presented in this paper address the energy loss determination for argon at 4 MeV/u projectile energy in laser-generated carbon plasma covering a huge parameter range in density and temperature. Furthermore, a consistent theoretical description of the projectile charge state evolution via a Monte Carlo code is combined with an improved version of the CasP code that allows us to calculate the contributions to the stopping power of bound and free electrons for each projectile charge state. This approach gets rid of any effective charge description of the stopping power. Comparison of experimental data and theoretical results allows us to judge the influence of different plasma parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frank
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Tahir NA, Schmidt R, Shutov A, Lomonosov IV, Piriz AR, Hoffmann DHH, Deutsch C, Fortov VE. Large Hadron Collider at CERN: Beams generating high-energy-density matter. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:046410. [PMID: 19518362 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.046410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents numerical simulations that have been carried out to study the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic responses of a solid copper cylindrical target that is facially irradiated along the axis by one of the two Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 7 TeV/ c proton beams. The energy deposition by protons in solid copper has been calculated using an established particle interaction and Monte Carlo code, FLUKA, which is capable of simulating all components of the particle cascades in matter, up to multi-TeV energies. These data have been used as input to a sophisticated two-dimensional hydrodynamic computer code BIG2 that has been employed to study this problem. The prime purpose of these investigations was to assess the damage caused to the equipment if the entire LHC beam is lost at a single place. The FLUKA calculations show that the energy of protons will be deposited in solid copper within about 1 m assuming constant material parameters. Nevertheless, our hydrodynamic simulations have shown that the energy deposition region will extend to a length of about 35 m over the beam duration. This is due to the fact that first few tens of bunches deposit sufficient energy that leads to high pressure that generates an outgoing radial shock wave. Shock propagation leads to continuous reduction in the density at the target center that allows the protons delivered in subsequent bunches to penetrate deeper and deeper into the target. This phenomenon has also been seen in case of heavy-ion heated targets [N. A. Tahir, A. Kozyreva, P. Spiller, D. H. H. Hoffmann, and A. Shutov, Phys. Rev. E 63, 036407 (2001)]. This effect needs to be considered in the design of a sacrificial beam stopper. These simulations have also shown that the target is severely damaged and is converted into a huge sample of high-energy density (HED) matter. In fact, the inner part of the target is transformed into a strongly coupled plasma with fairly uniform physical conditions. This work, therefore, has suggested an additional very important application of the LHC, namely, studies of HED states in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tahir
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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Piriz AR, López Cela JJ, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH. Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in elastic-plastic media. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:056401. [PMID: 19113220 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytical model for the linear Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in solids under conditions of high-energy density is presented, in order to describe the evolution of small perturbations at the solid-vacuum interface. The model shows that plasticity determines the maximum perturbation amplitude and provides simple scaling laws for it as well as for the time when it is reached. After the maximum amplitude is reached, the interface remains oscillating with a period that is determined by the elastic shear modulus. Extensive two-dimensional simulations are presented that show excellent agreement with the analytical model. The results suggest the possibility to experimentally evaluate the yield strength of solids under dynamic conditions by using a Richtmyer-Meshkov-instability-based technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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16
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Ulrich A, Adonin A, Jacoby J, Turtikov V, Fernengel D, Fertman A, Golubev A, Hoffmann DHH, Hug A, Krücken R, Kulish M, Menzel J, Morozov A, Ni P, Nikolaev DN, Shilkin NS, Ternovoi VY, Udrea S, Varentsov D, Wieser J. Excimer laser pumped by an intense, high-energy heavy-ion beam. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:153901. [PMID: 17155326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-energy heavy ions are an ideal tool to generate homogeneously excited, extended volumes of nonthermal plasmas. Here, the high-energy loss (dE/dx) and absolute power deposition of heavy ions interacting with matter has been used to pump an ultraviolet laser. A pulsed 70 MeV/u 238U beam with up to 2.5 x 10(9) particles in approximately 100 ns beam bunches was stopped in a 1.2 m long laser cell filled with a 1.6 bar Ar-Kr-F2 mixture (typically 50%:49.9%:0.1%). Laser effect on the 248 nm KrF* excimer transition is clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ulrich
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, James Franck Strasse 1. D-85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Piriz AR, López Cela JJ, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH. Richtmyer-Meshkov flow in elastic solids. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:037301. [PMID: 17025787 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.037301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Richtmyer-Meshkov flow is studied by means of an analytical model which describes the asymptotic oscillations of a corrugated interface between two perfectly elastic solids after the interaction with a shock wave. The model shows that the flow stability is due to the restoring effect of the elastic force. It provides a simple approximate but still very accurate formula for the oscillation period. It also shows that as it is observed in numerical simulations, the amplitude oscillates around a mean value equal to the post-shock amplitude, and that this is a consequence of the stress free conditions of the material immediately after the shock interaction. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the model results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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Udrea S, Shilkin N, Fortov VE, Hoffmann DHH, Jacoby J, Kulish MI, Mintsev V, Ni P, Nikolaev D, Tahir NA, Varentsov D. Electrical resistivity measurements of heavy ion beam generated high energy density aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Piriz AR, Cela JJL, Cortázar OD, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH. Rayleigh-Taylor instability in elastic solids. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:056313. [PMID: 16383751 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.056313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an analytical model for the Rayleigh-Taylor instability that allows for an approximate but still very accurate and appealing description of the instability physics in the linear regime. The model is based on the second law of Newton and it has been developed with the aim of dealing with the instability of accelerated elastic solids. It yields the asymptotic instability growth rate but also describes the initial transient phase determined by the initial conditions. We have applied the model to solid/solid and solid/fluid interfaces with arbitrary Atwood numbers. The results are in excellent agreement with previous models that yield exact solutions but which are of more limited validity. Our model allows for including more complex physics. In particular, the present approach is expected to lead to a more general theory of the instability that would allow for describing the transition to the plastic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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20
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Mulser P, Kanapathipillai M, Hoffmann DHH. Two very efficient nonlinear laser absorption mechanisms in clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:103401. [PMID: 16196927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Experiments show strongly enhanced absorption of ultrashort superintense laser beams in clustered matter in the so-called collisionless regime. Despite numerous particle in cell simulations confirming this behavior, the underlying physical processes are not sufficiently clear. The familiar linear resonance absorption does not apply as long as the plasma frequency exceeds that of the laser. However, we show here that with increasing laser intensity the oscillations become nonlinear and can enter into resonance with the laser frequency because of restoring force lowering in Coulomb systems. Excellent absorption already at moderate intensities is the consequence. The other absorption mechanism we analyze explicitly consists in the coherent superposition of electron-ion collisions in ionized clusters. Collisional absorption enhancement factors of several orders of magnitude are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mulser
- Theoretical Quantum Electronics (TQE), Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany.
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21
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Tahir NA, Deutsch C, Fortov VE, Gryaznov V, Hoffmann DHH, Kulish M, Lomonosov IV, Mintsev V, Ni P, Nikolaev D, Piriz AR, Shilkin N, Spiller P, Shutov A, Temporal M, Ternovoi V, Udrea S, Varentsov D. Proposal for the study of thermophysical properties of high-energy-density matter using current and future heavy-ion accelerator facilities at GSI Darmstadt. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:035001. [PMID: 16090748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The subject of high-energy-density (HED) states in matter is of considerable importance to numerous branches of basic as well as applied physics. Intense heavy-ion beams are an excellent tool to create large samples of HED matter in the laboratory with fairly uniform physical conditions. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, is a unique worldwide laboratory that has a heavy-ion synchrotron, SIS18, that delivers intense beams of energetic heavy ions. Construction of a much more powerful synchrotron, SIS100, at the future international facility for antiprotons and ion research (FAIR) at Darmstadt will lead to an increase in beam intensity by 3 orders of magnitude compared to what is currently available. The purpose of this Letter is to investigate with the help of two-dimensional numerical simulations, the potential of the FAIR to carry out research in the field of HED states in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tahir
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Gregorian L, Kroupp E, Davara G, Starobinets A, Fisher VI, Bernshtam VA, Ralchenko YV, Maron Y, Fisher A, Hoffmann DHH. Electron-temperature and energy-flow history in an imploding plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 71:056402. [PMID: 16089655 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The time-dependent radial distribution of the electron temperature in a 0.6 micros, 220-kA gas-puff z-pinch plasma is studied using spatially-resolved observations of line emission from singly to fivefold ionized oxygen ions during the plasma implosion, up to 50 ns before maximum compression. The temperature obtained, together with the previously determined radial distributions of the electron density, plasma radial velocity, and magnetic field, allows for studying the history of the magnetic-field energy coupling to the plasma by comparing the energy deposition and dissipation rates in the plasma. It is found that at this phase of the implosion, approximately 65% of the energy deposited in the plasma is imparted to the plasma radial flow, with the rest of the energy being converted into internal energy and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gregorian
- Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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23
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Tahir NA, Kain V, Schmidt R, Shutov A, Lomonosov IV, Gryaznov V, Piriz AR, Temporal M, Hoffmann DHH, Fortov VE. The CERN Large Hadron Collider as a tool to study high-energy density matter. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:135004. [PMID: 15904002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.135004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will generate two extremely powerful 7 TeV proton beams. Each beam will consist of 2808 bunches with an intensity per bunch of 1.15x10(11) protons so that the total number of protons in one beam will be about 3x10(14) and the total energy will be 362 MJ. Each bunch will have a duration of 0.5 ns and two successive bunches will be separated by 25 ns, while the power distribution in the radial direction will be Gaussian with a standard deviation, sigma=0.2 mm. The total duration of the beam will be about 89 mus. Using a 2D hydrodynamic code, we have carried out numerical simulations of the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of a solid copper target that is irradiated with one of the LHC beams. These calculations show that only the first few hundred proton bunches will deposit a high specific energy of 400 kJ/g that will induce exotic states of high energy density in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tahir
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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24
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Zioutas K, Andriamonje S, Arsov V, Aune S, Autiero D, Avignone FT, Barth K, Belov A, Beltrán B, Bräuninger H, Carmona JM, Cebrián S, Chesi E, Collar JI, Creswick R, Dafni T, Davenport M, Di Lella L, Eleftheriadis C, Englhauser J, Fanourakis G, Farach H, Ferrer E, Fischer H, Franz J, Friedrich P, Geralis T, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Goloubev N, Hasinoff MD, Heinsius FH, Hoffmann DHH, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Kang D, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krcmar M, Kousouris K, Kuster M, Lakić B, Lasseur C, Liolios A, Ljubicić A, Lutz G, Luzón G, Miller DW, Morales A, Morales J, Mutterer M, Nikolaidis A, Ortiz A, Papaevangelou T, Placci A, Raffelt G, Ruz J, Riege H, Sarsa ML, Savvidis I, Serber W, Serpico P, Semertzidis Y, Stewart L, Vieira JD, Villar J, Walckiers L, Zachariadou K. First results from the CERN axion solar telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:121301. [PMID: 15903903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypothetical axionlike particles with a two-photon interaction would be produced in the sun by the Primakoff process. In a laboratory magnetic field ("axion helioscope"), they would be transformed into x-rays with energies of a few keV. Using a decommissioned Large Hadron Collider test magnet, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope ran for about 6 months during 2003. The first results from the analysis of these data are presented here. No signal above background was observed, implying an upper limit to the axion-photon coupling g(agamma)<1.16x10(-10) GeV-1 at 95% C.L. for m(a) less, similar 0.02 eV. This limit, assumption-free, is comparable to the limit from stellar energy-loss arguments and considerably more restrictive than any previous experiment over a broad range of axion masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zioutas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Kozyreva A, Basko M, Rosmej FB, Schlegel T, Tauschwitz A, Hoffmann DHH. Dynamic confinement of targets heated quasi-isochorically with heavy ion beams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:056406. [PMID: 14682893 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Isochoric heating of matter by intense heavy ion beams promises to become a fruitful approach to warm dense matter studies. For heating times that are long on the hydrodynamic time scale of the target response a tamped target is essential. The proposed dynamic confinement provides homogeneous target heating by a low-Z tamper, which allows one to apply powerful x-ray scattering diagnostics. To demonstrate the potential of the method, heating of a hydrogen sample with the SIS-18 beam at GSI Darmstadt is investigated numerically. The intense x-ray bursts for diagnostics can be provided by the PHELIX laser currently installed at GSI. In the optimized heating regime, density variations can be reduced to a level of 15% from the initial density value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kozyreva
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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26
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Piriz AR, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH, Temporal M. Generation of a hollow ion beam: calculation of the rotation frequency required to accommodate symmetry constraint. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:017501. [PMID: 12636638 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.017501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A hollow intense heavy ion beam with an annular focal spot has many important applications. The Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt is planning to develop a radio frequency wobbler that will rotate the beam at extremely high frequencies and thus create an annular (ring shaped) focal spot. In this paper, we present an analytical model that determines the minimum rotation frequency of the wobbler in order to achieve a high degree of irradiation symmetry (an asymmetry of a few percent) of the target. Estimates for a typical heavy ion imploded target are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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27
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Rosmej FB, Griem HR, Elton RC, Jacobs VL, Cobble JA, Faenov AY, Pikuz TA, Geissel M, Hoffmann DHH, Süss W, Uskov DB, Shevelko VP, Mancini RC. Charge-exchange-induced two-electron satellite transitions from autoionizing levels in dense plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:056402. [PMID: 12513602 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Order-of-magnitude anomalously high intensities for two-electron (dielectronic) satellite transitions, originating from the He-like 2s(2) 1S0 and Li-like 1s2s(2) (2)S(1/2) autoionizing states of silicon, have been observed in dense laser-produced plasmas at different laboratories. Spatially resolved, high-resolution spectra and plasma images show that these effects are correlated with an intense emission of the He-like 1s3p 1P-1s(2) 1S lines, as well as the K(alpha) lines. A time-dependent, collisional-radiative model, allowing for non-Maxwellian electron-energy distributions, has been developed for the determination of the relevant nonequilibrium level populations of the silicon ions, and a detailed analysis of the experimental data has been carried out. Taking into account electron density and temperature variations, plasma optical-depth effects, and hot-electron distributions, the spectral simulations are found to be not in agreement with the observations. We propose that highly stripped target ions (e.g., bare nuclei or H-like 1s ground-state ions) are transported into the dense, cold plasma (predominantly consisting of L- and M-shell ions) near the target surface and undergo single- and double-electron charge-transfer processes. The spectral simulations indicate that, in dense and optically thick plasmas, these charge-transfer processes may lead to an enhancement of the intensities of the two-electron transitions by up to a factor of 10 relative to those of the other emission lines, in agreement with the spectral observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Rosmej
- GSI-Darmstadt, Plasmaphysik, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Piriz AR, Portugues RF, Tahir NA, Hoffmann DHH. Implosion of multilayered cylindrical targets driven by intense heavy ion beams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:056403. [PMID: 12513603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.056403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An analytical model for the implosion of a multilayered cylindrical target driven by an intense heavy ion beam has been developed. The target is composed of a cylinder of frozen hydrogen or deuterium, which is enclosed in a thick shell of solid lead. This target has been designed for future high-energy-density matter experiments to be carried out at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt. The model describes the implosion dynamics including the motion of the incident shock and the first reflected shock and allows for calculation of the physical conditions of the hydrogen at stagnation. The model predicts that the conditions of the compressed hydrogen are not sensitive to significant variations in target and beam parameters. These predictions are confirmed by one-dimensional numerical simulations and thus allow for a robust target design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piriz
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Stetter M, Christiansen J, Neuner U, Stöwe S, Tkotz R, Wagner T, Boggasch E, Tauschwitz A, Hoffmann DHH, Spiller P. Development of a plasma lens as a fine focusing lens for heavy-ion beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02821273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tauschwitz A, Boggasch E, Hoffmann DHH, de Magistris M, Neuner U, Stetter M, Tkotz R, Wagner T, Seelig W, Wetzler H. The plasma lens solution for heavy-ion beam focusing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02821274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meyer‐ter‐Vehn J, Witkowski S, Bock R, Hoffmann DHH, Hofmann I, Müller RW, Arnold R, Mulser P. Accelerator and target studies for heavy ion fusion at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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