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Zähter Ş, Rosmej ON, Beloiu P, Bogdanov A, Golubev A, Gyrdymov M, Jacoby J, Kantsyrev A, Loetzsch R, Nicolai M, Panyushkin V, Skobliakov A, Tavana PM, Uschmann I, Zahn N, Spielmann C. Monitoring of the heavy-ion beam distribution using poly- and monochromatic x-ray fluorescence imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113301. [PMID: 36461450 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the first proof of the principal of an in situ diagnostics of the heavy-ion beam intensity distribution in irradiation of solid targets is proposed. In this scheme, x-ray fluorescence that occurs in the interaction of heavy-ions with target atoms is used for imaging purposes. The x-ray conversion to optical radiation and a transport-system was developed, and its first test was performed in experiments at the Universal Linear Accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany. The Au-beam intensity distribution on thin foils and Cu-mesh targets was imaged using multiple x-ray pinholes (polychromatic imaging) and 2D monochromatic imaging of Cu Kα radiation by using a toroidally bent silicon crystal. The presented results are of importance for application in experiments on the investigation of the equation of states of high energy density matter using high intensity GeV/u heavy-ion beams of ≥1010 particles/100 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş Zähter
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O N Rosmej
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Beloiu
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Bogdanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 25 Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golubev
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 25 Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Gyrdymov
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Jacoby
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Kantsyrev
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 25 Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - R Loetzsch
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Nicolai
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V Panyushkin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 25 Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Skobliakov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics Named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 25 Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - P M Tavana
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Uschmann
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - N Zahn
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Spielmann
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Martynenko AS, Pikuz SA, Antonelli L, Barbato F, Boutoux G, Giuffrida L, Honrubia JJ, Hume E, Jacoby J, Khaghani D, Lancaster K, Neumayer P, Rosmej ON, Santos JJ, Turianska O, Batani D. Role of relativistic laser intensity on isochoric heating of metal wire targets. Opt Express 2021; 29:12240-12251. [PMID: 33984988 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a recent experimental campaign, we used laser-accelerated relativistic hot electrons to ensure heating of thin titanium wire targets up to a warm dense matter (WDM) state [EPL114, 45002 (2016)10.1209/0295-5075/114/45002]. The WDM temperature profiles along several hundred microns of the wire were inferred by using spatially resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy looking at the Ti Kα characteristic lines. A maximum temperature of ∼30 eV was reached. Our study extends this work by discussing the influence of the laser parameters on temperature profiles and the optimisation of WDM wire-based generation. The depth of wire heating may reach several hundreds of microns and it is proven to be strictly dependent on the laser intensity. At the same time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the maximum WDM temperature doesn't appear to be sensitive to the laser intensity and mainly depends on the deposited laser energy considering ranges of 6×1018-6×1020 W/cm2 and 50-200 J.
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Xu G, Barriga-Carrasco MD, Blazevic A, Borovkov B, Casas D, Cistakov K, Gavrilin R, Iberler M, Jacoby J, Loisch G, Morales R, Mäder R, Qin SX, Rienecker T, Rosmej O, Savin S, Schönlein A, Weyrich K, Wiechula J, Wieser J, Xiao GQ, Zhao YT. Determination of Hydrogen Density by Swift Heavy Ions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:204801. [PMID: 29219328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to determine the total hydrogen density and, accordingly, a precise plasma temperature in a lowly ionized hydrogen plasma is described. The key to the method is to analyze the energy loss of swift heavy ions interacting with the respective bound and free electrons of the plasma. A slowly developing and lowly ionized hydrogen theta-pinch plasma is prepared. A Boltzmann plot of the hydrogen Balmer series and the Stark broadening of the H_{β} line preliminarily defines the plasma with a free electron density of (1.9±0.1)×10^{16} cm^{-3} and a free electron temperature of 0.8-1.3 eV. The temperature uncertainty results in a wide hydrogen density, ranging from 2.3×10^{16} to 7.8×10^{18} cm^{-3}. A 108 MHz pulsed beam of ^{48}Ca^{10+} with a velocity of 3.652 MeV/u is used as a probe to measure the total energy loss of the beam ions. Subtracting the calculated energy loss due to free electrons, the energy loss due to bound electrons is obtained, which linearly depends on the bound electron density. The total hydrogen density is thus determined as (1.9±0.7)×10^{17} cm^{-3}, and the free electron temperature can be precisely derived as 1.01±0.04 eV. This method should prove useful in many studies, e.g., inertial confinement fusion or warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M D Barriga-Carrasco
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Blazevic
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Borovkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Casas
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - K Cistakov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Gavrilin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Iberler
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Jacoby
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Loisch
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Morales
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R Mäder
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S-X Qin
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - T Rienecker
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O Rosmej
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Savin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Schönlein
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Weyrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Wiechula
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Wieser
- Excitech GmbH, 26419 Schortens, Germany
| | - G Q Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Stöckl C, Roth M, Süß W, Wetzler H, Seelig W, Kulish M, Spiller P, Jacoby J, Hoffmann DHH. Experiments on the Interaction of Heavy-Ion Beams with Dense Plasmas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst97-a30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stöckl
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Roth
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W. Süß
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H. Wetzler
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W. Seelig
- Technische Hochschule-Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Kulish
- Institute for Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - P. Spiller
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1 D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Jacoby
- Universität ErlangenErwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91085 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. H. H. Hoffmann
- Universität ErlangenErwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91085 Erlangen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicholls
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole BH15 2JB, UK
| | - J Jacoby
- Department of Radiology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust
| | - R Hartley
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole BH15 2JB, UK
| | - D O'Connor
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole BH15 2JB, UK
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Arik M, Aune S, Barth K, Belov A, Borghi S, Bräuninger H, Cantatore G, Carmona JM, Cetin SA, Collar JI, Da Riva E, Dafni T, Davenport M, Eleftheriadis C, Elias N, Fanourakis G, Ferrer-Ribas E, Friedrich P, Galán J, García JA, Gardikiotis A, Garza JG, Gazis EN, Geralis T, Georgiopoulou E, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Gómez H, Gómez Marzoa M, Gruber E, Guthörl T, Hartmann R, Hauf S, Haug F, Hasinoff MD, Hoffmann DHH, Iguaz FJ, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Jakovčić K, Karuza M, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krčmar M, Kuster M, Lakić B, Lang PM, Laurent JM, Liolios A, Ljubičić A, Luzón G, Neff S, Niinikoski T, Nordt A, Papaevangelou T, Pivovaroff MJ, Raffelt G, Riege H, Rodríguez A, Rosu M, Ruz J, Savvidis I, Shilon I, Silva PS, Solanki SK, Stewart L, Tomás A, Tsagri M, van Bibber K, Vafeiadis T, Villar J, Vogel JK, Yildiz SC, Zioutas K. Search for solar axions by the CERN axion solar telescope with 3He buffer gas: closing the hot dark matter gap. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:091302. [PMID: 24655238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope has finished its search for solar axions with (3)He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV ≲ ma ≲ 1.17 eV. This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually overlaps with it. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of gaγ ≲ 3.3 × 10(-10) GeV(-1) at 95% C.L., with the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of gaγ, for example by the currently discussed next generation helioscope International AXion Observatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arik
- Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Aune
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Belov
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - H Bräuninger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - G Cantatore
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste and Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - E Da Riva
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - T Dafni
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Davenport
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - N Elias
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - G Fanourakis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - E Ferrer-Ribas
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Friedrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
| | - J Galán
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J A García
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gardikiotis
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - J G Garza
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E N Gazis
- National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T Geralis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - I Giomataris
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Gninenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Gómez Marzoa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - E Gruber
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Guthörl
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - S Hauf
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Haug
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - M D Hasinoff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F J Iguaz
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I G Irastorza
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Jacoby
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Jakovčić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Karuza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste and Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - K Königsmann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Kotthaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M Krčmar
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Kuster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany and Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lakić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P M Lang
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J M Laurent
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Liolios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Ljubičić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Luzón
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Neff
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Niinikoski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Nordt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany and Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Papaevangelou
- IRFU, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M J Pivovaroff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - G Raffelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - H Riege
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Rosu
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Ruz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - I Savvidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Shilon
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P S Silva
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - S K Solanki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Stewart
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Tomás
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Tsagri
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - K van Bibber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | - T Vafeiadis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - J Villar
- Grupo de Investigación de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J K Vogel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, California, USA
| | | | - K Zioutas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland and Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Jacoby J, Pasc A, Carteret C, Dupire F, Stébé M, Coupard V, Blin J. Ordered mesoporous materials containing Mucor Miehei Lipase as biocatalyst for transesterification reaction. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arik M, Aune S, Barth K, Belov A, Borghi S, Bräuninger H, Cantatore G, Carmona JM, Cetin SA, Collar JI, Dafni T, Davenport M, Eleftheriadis C, Elias N, Ezer C, Fanourakis G, Ferrer-Ribas E, Friedrich P, Galán J, García JA, Gardikiotis A, Gazis EN, Geralis T, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Gómez H, Gruber E, Guthörl T, Hartmann R, Haug F, Hasinoff MD, Hoffmann DHH, Iguaz FJ, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Jakovčić K, Karuza M, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krčmar M, Kuster M, Lakić B, Laurent JM, Liolios A, Ljubičić A, Lozza V, Lutz G, Luzón G, Morales J, Niinikoski T, Nordt A, Papaevangelou T, Pivovaroff MJ, Raffelt G, Rashba T, Riege H, Rodríguez A, Rosu M, Ruz J, Savvidis I, Silva PS, Solanki SK, Stewart L, Tomás A, Tsagri M, van Bibber K, Vafeiadis T, Villar JA, Vogel JK, Yildiz SC, Zioutas K. Search for sub-eV mass solar axions by the CERN Axion Solar Telescope with 3He buffer gas. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:261302. [PMID: 22243149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.261302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has extended its search for solar axions by using (3)He as a buffer gas. At T=1.8 K this allows for larger pressure settings and hence sensitivity to higher axion masses than our previous measurements with (4)He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of 252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV≲m(a)≲0.64 eV. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g(aγ)≲2.3×10(-10) GeV(-1) at 95% C.L., the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axions are excluded at the upper end of our mass range, the first time ever for any solar axion search. In the future we will extend our search to m(a)≲1.15 eV, comfortably overlapping with cosmological hot dark matter bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arik
- Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Teske C, Lee BJ, Jacoby J, Schweizer W, Sun JC. Note: Design and tests of a 13 kA-6.5 kV thyristor switch for a pulsed inductive vacuum ultraviolet source. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:046101. [PMID: 20441374 DOI: 10.1063/1.3381071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the design, construction, and test procedure of a closing switch prototype based on thyristors is described. In particular, details are given about the design criteria and about the triggering board architecture, which is a high side biased, self supplied unit using the electrical energy derived from a local snubber network for the gate drive. The structure guarantees a hard firing gate pulse for the required high dI/dt application. Further, the results of the prototype tests are presented and discussed. The stack assembly has a holding voltage of 6.5 kV and is used for switching a series resonant circuit with a ringing frequency of 12 kHz for a pulsed inductive vacuum ultraviolet source. Maximum current amplitudes of 13 kA and pulse energies of more than 600 J were switched during the test procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Teske
- Plasmaphysics Group, Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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Teske C, Jacoby J, Schweizer W, Wiechula J. Thyristor stack for pulsed inductive plasma generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:034702. [PMID: 19334940 DOI: 10.1063/1.3095686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A thyristor stack for pulsed inductive plasma generation has been developed and tested. The stack design includes a free wheeling diode assembly for current reversal. Triggering of the device is achieved by a high side biased, self supplied gate driver unit using gating energy derived from a local snubber network. The structure guarantees a hard firing gate pulse for the required high dI/dt application. A single fiber optic command is needed to achieve a simultaneous turn on of the thyristors. The stack assembly is used for switching a series resonant circuit with a ringing frequency of 30 kHz. In the prototype pulsed power system described here an inductive discharge has been generated with a pulse duration of 120 micros and a pulse energy of 50 J. A maximum power transfer efficiency of 84% and a peak power of 480 kW inside the discharge were achieved. System tests were performed with a purely inductive load and an inductively generated plasma acting as a load through transformer action at a voltage level of 4.1 kV, a peak current of 5 kA, and a current switching rate of 1 kA/micros.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Teske
- Plasmaphysics Group, Institute of Applied Physics, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Albrecht R, Melanson S, Jacoby J. 203: Do Emergency Physicians Admit More or Fewer Patients on Busy Days? Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schmitt D, Tran N, Riefler S, Jacoby J, Merkel D, Marone P, Naouli N. Toxicologic evaluation of modified gum acacia: Mutagenicity, acute and subchronic toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1048-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ulrich A, Adonin A, Jacoby J, Turtikov V, Fernengel D, Fertman A, Golubev A, Hoffmann DHH, Hug A, Krücken R, Kulish M, Menzel J, Morozov A, Ni P, Nikolaev DN, Shilkin NS, Ternovoi VY, Udrea S, Varentsov D, Wieser J. Excimer laser pumped by an intense, high-energy heavy-ion beam. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:153901. [PMID: 17155326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-energy heavy ions are an ideal tool to generate homogeneously excited, extended volumes of nonthermal plasmas. Here, the high-energy loss (dE/dx) and absolute power deposition of heavy ions interacting with matter has been used to pump an ultraviolet laser. A pulsed 70 MeV/u 238U beam with up to 2.5 x 10(9) particles in approximately 100 ns beam bunches was stopped in a 1.2 m long laser cell filled with a 1.6 bar Ar-Kr-F2 mixture (typically 50%:49.9%:0.1%). Laser effect on the 248 nm KrF* excimer transition is clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ulrich
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, James Franck Strasse 1. D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Wi D, Jacoby J, Rammohan G, Eberhardt M, Heller M. 313. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jacob S, Jacoby J, James R, Heller M. 173. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wallerich H, Quazi S, Jacoby J, Heller M. 402. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Quazi S, Eberhardt M, Jacoby J, Heller M, Reed J. 195. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Patterson J, Jacoby J, Dutterer L, Rutt M, Marsteller K, Reed J. 15. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Udrea S, Shilkin N, Fortov VE, Hoffmann DHH, Jacoby J, Kulish MI, Mintsev V, Ni P, Nikolaev D, Tahir NA, Varentsov D. Electrical resistivity measurements of heavy ion beam generated high energy density aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Axelband J, Jacoby J, Prestosh J, Heller M. Do Injured Pediatric Emergency Department Patients Really Want Analgesics? Ann Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jacoby J, Steencken G, Nelson M, Storch J, Heller M. Are Hispanic Emergency Department Patients with the Subjective Diagnoses of Headache and Backache Treated Differently Than Caucasians? Ann Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zioutas K, Andriamonje S, Arsov V, Aune S, Autiero D, Avignone FT, Barth K, Belov A, Beltrán B, Bräuninger H, Carmona JM, Cebrián S, Chesi E, Collar JI, Creswick R, Dafni T, Davenport M, Di Lella L, Eleftheriadis C, Englhauser J, Fanourakis G, Farach H, Ferrer E, Fischer H, Franz J, Friedrich P, Geralis T, Giomataris I, Gninenko S, Goloubev N, Hasinoff MD, Heinsius FH, Hoffmann DHH, Irastorza IG, Jacoby J, Kang D, Königsmann K, Kotthaus R, Krcmar M, Kousouris K, Kuster M, Lakić B, Lasseur C, Liolios A, Ljubicić A, Lutz G, Luzón G, Miller DW, Morales A, Morales J, Mutterer M, Nikolaidis A, Ortiz A, Papaevangelou T, Placci A, Raffelt G, Ruz J, Riege H, Sarsa ML, Savvidis I, Serber W, Serpico P, Semertzidis Y, Stewart L, Vieira JD, Villar J, Walckiers L, Zachariadou K. First results from the CERN axion solar telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:121301. [PMID: 15903903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypothetical axionlike particles with a two-photon interaction would be produced in the sun by the Primakoff process. In a laboratory magnetic field ("axion helioscope"), they would be transformed into x-rays with energies of a few keV. Using a decommissioned Large Hadron Collider test magnet, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope ran for about 6 months during 2003. The first results from the analysis of these data are presented here. No signal above background was observed, implying an upper limit to the axion-photon coupling g(agamma)<1.16x10(-10) GeV-1 at 95% C.L. for m(a) less, similar 0.02 eV. This limit, assumption-free, is comparable to the limit from stellar energy-loss arguments and considerably more restrictive than any previous experiment over a broad range of axion masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zioutas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jacoby J, Axelband J, Belletti D, Heller M. Cardiac catheterization laboratory activation by the emergency physician without prior consultation decreases Door-to-Balloon time. Ann Emerg Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Axelband J, Lopez-Rodriguez M, Jacoby J, Heller M. Do emergency department patients with musculoskeletal pain really want analgesics? Ann Emerg Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Consumer behavior continued to attract additional researchers and publication outlets from 1993 through 1996. Both general interest and domain-specific scholarly contributions are discussed, along with limitations and suggested areas for future research. A concluding section observes that the integrity of consumer research is unnecessarily compromised by the failure of the major scholarly association in the field to develop and adopt a code of researcher ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacoby
- Marketing Department, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
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Tigue NJ, Jacoby J, Ellar DJ. The alpha-helix 4 residue, Asn135, is involved in the oligomerization of Cry1Ac1 and Cry1Ab5 Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5715-20. [PMID: 11722927 PMCID: PMC93364 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.12.5715-5720.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal Cry toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are comprised of three structural domains. Domain I, a seven-helix bundle, is thought to penetrate the insect epithelial cell plasma membrane through a hairpin composed of alpha-helices 4 and 5, followed by the oligomerization of four hairpin monomers. The alpha-helix 4 has been proposed to line the lumen of the pore, whereas some residues in alpha-helix 5 have been shown to be responsible for oligomerization. Mutation of the Cry1Ac1 alpha-helix 4 amino acid Asn135 to Gln resulted in the loss of toxicity to Manduca sexta, yet binding was still observed. In this study, the equivalent mutation was made in the Cry1Ab5 toxin, and the properties of both wild-type and mutant toxin counterparts were analyzed. Both mutants appeared to bind to M. sexta membrane vesicles, but they were not able to form pores. The ability of both N135Q mutants to oligomerize was also disrupted, providing the first evidence that a residue in alpha-helix 4 can contribute to toxin oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Tigue
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, United Kingdom.
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Jacoby J. A note on Durer's so-called Jabach Altarpiece. Bibl Humanisme Renaiss 2001; 63:47-62. [PMID: 19039868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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32
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Tahir NA, Hoffmann DH, Kozyreva A, Tauschwitz A, Shutov A, Maruhn JA, Spiller P, Neuner U, Jacoby J, Roth M, Bock R, Juranek H, Redmer R. Metallization of hydrogen using heavy-ion-beam implosion of multilayered cylindrical targets. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:016402. [PMID: 11304360 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Employing a two-dimensional simulation model, this paper presents a suitable design for an experiment to study metallization of hydrogen in a heavy-ion beam imploded multilayered cylindrical target that contains a layer of frozen hydrogen. Such an experiment will be carried out at the upgraded heavy-ion synchrotron facility (SIS-18) at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt by the end of the year 2001. In these calculations we consider a uranium beam that will be available at the upgraded SIS-18. Our calculations show that it may be possible to achieve theoretically predicted physical conditions necessary to create metallic hydrogen in such experiments. These include a density of about 1 g/cm(3), a pressure of 3-5 Mbar, and a temperature of a few 0.1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tahir
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgarten Strasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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33
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Neuner U, Bock R, Roth M, Spiller P, Constantin C, Funk UN, Geissel M, Hakuli S, Hoffmann DH, Jacoby J, Kozyreva A, Tahir NA, Udrea S, Varentsov D, Tauschwitz A. Shaping of intense ion beams into hollow cylindrical form. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:4518-4521. [PMID: 11082585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A specifically tailored plasma lens could shape a high-energy, heavy-ion beam into the form of a hollow cylinder without loss of beam intensity. It has been experimentally confirmed that both a positive as well as a negative radial gradient of the current density in the active plasma lens can be the underlying principle. Calculations were performed that yield the ideal current density distribution for both cases. A numerical simulation of an experiment with an intense ion beam highlights that the shaping of the beam increases the achievable compression in a lead sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Neuner
- GSI Darmstadt mbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the occurrence of vision-threatening orbital emphysema in patients awakening from orbital decompression surgery and to assess risk factors and preventive measures. DESIGN Small noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS Three patients undergoing bilateral orbital two-wall decompression experienced significant orbital emphysema associated with persistent coughing and Valsalva at the time of extubation. INTERVENTION In two patients, symptoms resolved with simple observation, whereas one patient required sedation, topical anesthesia around the endotracheal tube, and needle decompression of trapped air. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity, pupils, visual fields, and sensorimotor examination. RESULTS No patient experienced a permanent deficit of visual or sensorimotor function. CONCLUSIONS Acute orbital emphysema can occur after orbital decompression surgery despite the large bony opening created. Violent coughing spells at the time of extubation are more common in patients with a history of heavy tobacco use and may be causative. Opening the periorbita may be another specific predisposing risk factor. Knowledge of this dangerous phenomenon, along with appropriate perioperative management, may prevent this complication from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Abstract
A coculture method is described for ensheathing glial cells from adult rat olfactory nerve, serving as a substrate for the regrowth of neurites from adult rat retinal ganglion cells. Immunocytochemically identified phenotypes present in primary cultures of olfactory nerve cells are described, and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth is compared with neonatal astrocytes and Schwann cells, with other nonglial cells, and with laminin. Ensheathing cell cultures were more effective than any other substrate tested and also directed the orientation of regrowing neurites. In comparison with cultured Schwann cells, which released neurotrophic factors into the culture medium, there was no evidence of a similar activity in ensheathing cell cultures. Combinations of ensheathing cell-conditioned medium and substrates of laminin, merosin, or 3T3 cells also failed to show the release of factors enhancing either survival or neurite outgrowth from retinal ganglion cells. Evidence is presented for a partial inhibition of neurite outgrowth in the presence of calcium channel antagonists or an intracellular calcium-chelating reagent. This provides evidence for a contribution from an intracellular calcium signaling mechanism, possibly implicating ensheathing cell adhesion molecules in promoting neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Sonigra
- Neuroscience Research Centre and Division of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, England
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Jacoby J, Bickes C, Hoffmann D, Hofmann C, Philipps J. Experimental study to accumulate, accelerate and focus a massive plasma beam onto a target. Fusion Engineering and Design 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Müller-Werdan U, Jacoby J, Loppnow H, Werdan K. Proinflammatory impact of norepinephrine in cardiomyocytes: increased interleukin-6 production, which is suppressed by carvedilol. Crit Care 1999. [PMCID: PMC3301813 DOI: 10.1186/cc485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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38
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Miller R, Jacoby J. Intrathecal narcotics for labor analgesia. Am Fam Physician 1998; 57:641-2; author reply 642, 645-6. [PMID: 9490989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Our previous data indicated that GPM1 encodes the only functional phosphoglycerate mutase in yeast. However, in the course of the yeast genome sequencing project, two homologous sequences, designated GPM2 and GPM3, were detected. They have been further investigated in this work. Key residues in the deduced amino acid sequence, shown to be involved in catalysis for Gpm1 (i.e. His8, Arg59, His181) are conserved in both enzymes. Overexpression of the genes under control of their own promoters in a gpm1 deletion mutant did not complement for any of the phenotypes. This could in part be attributed to a lack of expression due to their weak promoters. Higher level expression under the control of the yeast PFK2 promoter partially complemented the gpm1 defects, without restoring detectable enzymatic activity. Nevertheless, deletion of either GPM2 or GPM3, or the two deletions in concert, did not produce any obvious lesions for growth on a variety of different carbon sources, nor did they change the levels of key intermediary metabolites. We conclude that both genes evolved from duplication events and that they probably constitute non-functional homologues in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heinisch
- Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Structural changes associated with the exposure of human serum albumin (HSA) to glucose with or without the presence of Cu (II) have been characterized using a bank of methods for structural analysis including circular dichroism (CD), amino acid analysis (AAA), fluorescence measurements, SDS-PAGE, and boronate binding (which is a measure of Amadori product formation). We show that in the short-term (10 d) incubation mixtures, HSA is resistant to Cu (II)-mediated oxidative damage and that the early products of glycation of HSA had minimal effects on the folded structure. Amino acid analysis showed that there was no formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), which can be measured by loss of lysine. This remained the case in longer term incubation of HSA (56 d) in the hyperglycemic concentration range (5-25 mM glucose) despite increased levels of Amadori product (60% boronate binding) and the formation of glycophore (Excitation 350, Emission 425). At high, nonphysiological concentrations (100 mM and 500 mM) of glucose, glycophore formation increased and 3 and 11 mol Lysine-glucose adduct/mol HSA were converted to AGE, respectively. This was accompanied by increased damage to tryptophan and protein-protein crosslinking but only minor tertiary structural change. In the presence of Cu (II), however, AGE formation was accompanied by extensive damage to histidine and tryptophan side chains, main chain fragmentation, and loss of both secondary and tertiary structure. Thus, changes in structure appear to be the result of oxidation as opposed to glycation, per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Coussons
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Coussons
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge
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Abstract
It is generally assumed that a muscle fiber is structurally uniform along its length. That assumption is not consistent with the observed variation of myofibrillar profile size along the length of both singly innervated fibers (SIFs) and multiply innervated fibers (MIFs) in the orbital (outer) layer of extraocular muscle (EOM). Muscle fibers were reconstructed in serial sections along the orbital layer of rabbit and rat EOM. For both the SIFs and MIFs, myofibril profile size was smallest (narrowest) near the endplate. In the SIFs of rat, for example, the myofibril profiles were 28% wider at a distance of 1.5 mm from the endplate than at the endplate itself. Measures of profile size included the mean intercept length and the mean shortest path from test points within the profile to the profile boundary. The possible effect of sarcomere length variation was controlled by normalizing the myofibrillar profile size data to a constant spacing of the myosin filament lattice. This morphometric approach was also used to quantify the further increase of profile size that occurs in the end portions of the orbital MIFs where the myobrillar organization is typically ill-defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davidowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center 10016, USA
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Abstract
Systematic variation of myofibril profile size was observed along the length of both singly innervated fibers (SIFs) and multiply innervated fibers (MIFs) of the global (inner) layer of extraocular muscle (EOM). These findings contrast with the assumption that global layer fibers of EOM are structurally uniform along their length. Muscle fibers were reconstructed in serial sections along the global layer of rabbit and rat EOM. Long fibers of the 'Pale' SIF (fast twitch glycolytic) and the MIF (tonic) populations were sampled by EM in both proximal and distal portions of the muscle. In rabbit, myofibril size of the Pale SIFs showed a proximal-to-distal increase of 28% whereas the MIFs showed a proximal-to-distal decrease of 10%. In rat, these two fiber populations showed analogous smaller changes. Measures of profile size included the mean intercept length and the mean shortest path from test points within the profile to the profile boundary. The possible effect of sarcomere length variation was controlled by normalizing the measures to a constant spacing of the myosin filament lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davidowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center 10016, USA
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Jacoby J, Hoffmann DH, Laux W, Müller RW, Wahl H, Weyrich K, Boggasch E, Heimrich B, Stöckl C, Wetzler H, Miyamoto S. Stopping of heavy ions in a hydrogen plasma. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:1550-1553. [PMID: 10059057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Rushbrook JI, Weiss C, Ko K, Feuerman MH, Carleton S, Ing A, Jacoby J. Identification of alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein in extraocular muscle of the adult rabbit. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1994; 15:505-15. [PMID: 7860699 DOI: 10.1007/bf00121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extraocular muscles contain both fast-twitch and multiply-innervated, tonic-contracting fibres. In rat, these fibres collectively express numerous myosin heavy chain isoforms including fast-type embryonic and neonatal, adult slow twitch type I and fast twitch type II, and a fast isoform unique to extraocular muscle. Immunocytochemical and Western blotting results are presented which suggest that, in rabbit, an additional species, the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain, is present. The immunoreactive species is found in all rabbit extraocular muscles and in the extraocular muscles is expressed in almost all fibres which do not contain a fast myosin heavy chain. Positive identification of this isoform as the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain was obtained by sequencing a cloned PCR product derived from extraocular muscle mRNA unique to the 3'-end of rabbit alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA. This is the first unequivocal demonstration of alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain expression in extraocular muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Rushbrook
- New York University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, N.Y. 10016
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Abstract
There are no precise psychologic criteria for the selection of residents in anesthesiology. We attempted to provide an objective guide by comparing clinical performance with psychologic tests which we administered to 95 beginning residents in six training programs. The performance of the residents was evaluated by faculty members at the end of the first and second years. We found that high-performance residents scored better than low-performance residents in the categories of Dominance, Independence, Empathy, Responsibility, Socialization, Achievement Motivation, and Well-Being. Prediction of high performance can also be based on Alpha personalities, who typically are independent, reliable, and self-disciplined. The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is valuable in selecting people with these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McDonald
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus 43210
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48
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Jacoby J, Hollenberg CP, Heinisch JJ. Transaldolase mutants in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis provide evidence that glucose can be metabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway. Mol Microbiol 1993; 10:867-76. [PMID: 7934848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated the gene encoding transaldolase from Kluyveromyces lactis (KITAL1) by screening a genomic library of this yeast using the TAL1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a radioactive probe. The clone isolated contained an open reading frame of 1002 bp, encoding a protein with 76% identical residues in the deduced amino acid sequences as compared to Tal from S. cerevisiae. KITAL1 can complement a tal1 deletion of S. cerevisiae for enzymatic activity. The transcription start of KITAL1 was located at -69 bp relative to the ATG translation start codon. Deleting a large part of the open reading frame from the genome did not lead to any obvious phenotype. Transaldolase was not produced in such mutants as shown by immunological detection. In combination with a double null-mutant in the genes encoding the phosphofructokinase subunits in K. lactis (Klpfk1 Klpfk2 Kltal1), the cells lost their ability to grow on glucose. We take this as strong evidence that glucose is metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway in this yeast when glycolysis is blocked. In addition, by tetrad analysis we detected a close linkage to KIPFK1 and inferred that KITAL1 is localized on chromosome I.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacoby
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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49
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Jacoby J, Ko K. Sarcoplasmic reticulum fast CA(2+)-pump and myosin heavy chain expression in extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34:2848-58. [PMID: 8395481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of the sarcoplasmic reticulum fast-twitch Ca(2+)-pump (Ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase [Ca(2+)-ATPase]) in extraocular muscle fiber populations of the rat and rabbit, using fast Ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase-specific monoclonal antibodies. METHODS Adult female rats and rabbits were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital, and the extraocular muscles were rapidly frozen in isopentane cooled with liquid nitrogen. Serial transverse frozen sections were cut and labeled respectively with monoclonal antibodies specific for various isoforms of myosin heavy chain, and monoclonal antibodies specific for the fast isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In rat extraocular muscle, fast type 2 myosin heavy chain and fast Ca(2+)-ATPase are coexpressed in both singly- and multiply-innervated fibers of the orbital layer near the endplate band, but distally both proteins drop out entirely, indicating that the contraction and relaxation properties of orbital fibers vary along their length. Also, fast Ca(2+)-ATPase persists more distally in orbital fibers than does type 2 myosin heavy chain, suggesting that their joint expression is not directly coregulated. This conclusion is reinforced in rabbit, whose orbital multiply-innervated fibers express fast Ca(2+)-ATPase but do not express type 2 myosin heavy chain at all. Fast Ca(2+)-ATPase is expressed in all global layer fast-twitch singly-innervated fibers, but not in global multiply-innervated fibers. In light of known differences in myosin heavy chain expression, the two populations of multiply-innervated fibers must differ with respect to both contractility and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacoby
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016
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50
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Loomer AH, Jacoby J, Schader JA. The nurse advocate and care for the caregivers. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1993; 24:64-5, 68. [PMID: 8429978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic improvement in morale, increased retention and an enhanced atmosphere of optimism resulted from introduction of a Nurse Advocate role in an acute care hospital. Within the context of a collaborative governance model, the Nurse Advocate was able to empower individuals and groups to immediate successes. Use of registry nurses was reduced by 99 percent!
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