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Gießelmann NC, Lenz P, Meinert SM, Simon T, Bauer RPC, Jo W, Claas S, Köhn C, Striker NN, Fröba M, Lehmkühler F. The structure of ice under confinement in periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034508. [PMID: 39017429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the structure of ice under nanoporous confinement in periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with different organic functionalities and pore diameters between 3.4 and 4.9 nm. X-ray scattering measurements of the system were performed at temperatures between 290 and 150 K. We report the emergence of ice I with both hexagonal and cubic characteristics in different porous materials, as well as an alteration of the lattice parameters when compared to bulk ice. This effect is dependent on the pore diameter and the surface chemistry of the respective PMO. Investigations regarding the orientation of hexagonal ice crystals relative to the pore wall using x-ray cross correlation analysis reveal one or more discrete preferred orientation in most of the samples. For a pore diameter of around 3.8 nm, stronger correlation peaks are present in more hydrophilically functionalized pores and seem to be connected to stronger shifts in the lattice parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Gießelmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Lenz
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia-Marie Meinert
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Simon
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert P C Bauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 8, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wonhyuk Jo
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Claas
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Köhn
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele N Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Kékicheff P, Heinrich B, Hemmerle A, Fontaine P, Lambour C, Beyer N, Favier D, Egele A, Emelyanenko KA, Modin E, Emelyanenko AM, Boinovich LB. Condensation or Desublimation: Nanolevel Structural Look on Two Frost Formation Pathways on Surfaces with Different Wettabilities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15067-15083. [PMID: 38804165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Processes of water condensation and desublimation on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and essential for various industrial applications, which are crucial for their performance. Despite their significance, these processes are not well understood due to the lack of methods that can provide insight at the nanolevel into the very first stages of phase transitions. Taking advantage of synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), two pathways of the frosting process from supersaturated vapors were studied in real time for substrates with different wettabilities ranging from highly hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Within GIWAXS, a fully quantitative structural and orientational characterization of the undergoing phase transition reveals the information on degree of crystallinity of the new phase and determines the ordering at the surfaces and inside the films at the initial stages of water/ice nucleation from vapor onto the substrates. The diversity of frosting scenarios, including direct desublimation from the vapor and two-stage condensation-freezing processes, was observed by both GIWAXS and ESEM for different combinations of substrate wettability and vapor supersaturations. The classical nucleation theory straightforwardly predicts the pathway of the phase transition for hydrophobic and superhydrophobic substrates. The case of hydrophilic substrates is more intricate because the barriers in Gibbs free energy for nucleating both liquid and solid embryos are close to each other and comparable to thermal energy kBT. At that end, classical nucleation theory allows concluding a relation between contact angles for ice and water embryos on the basis of the observed frosting pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kékicheff
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Arnaud Hemmerle
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Christophe Lambour
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Nicolas Beyer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Damien Favier
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Antoine Egele
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S., UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Kirill A Emelyanenko
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Alexandre M Emelyanenko
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Boinovich
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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3
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Gerber D, Wilen LA, Dufresne ER, Style RW. Polycrystallinity Enhances Stress Buildup around Ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:208201. [PMID: 38039453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.208201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Damage caused by freezing wet, porous materials is a widespread problem but is hard to predict or control. Here, we show that polycrystallinity significantly speeds up the stress buildup process that underpins this damage. Unfrozen water in grain-boundary grooves feeds ice growth at temperatures below the freezing temperature, leading to fast stress buildup. These stresses can build up to levels that can easily break many brittle materials. The dynamics of the process are very variable, which we ascribe to local differences in ice-grain orientation and to the surprising mobility of many grooves-which further accelerates stress buildup. Our Letter will help understand how freezing damage occurs and in developing accurate models and effective damage-mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Gerber
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence A Wilen
- Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Style
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Uchida S, Fujiwara K, Shibahara M. Microscopic properties of forces from ice solidification interface acting on silica surfaces based on molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28241-28251. [PMID: 37830177 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02511j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the forces acting on a silica surface from an ice solidification interface was investigated to understand the solidification phenomenon and its impact on nanometer-scale structures using molecular dynamics simulations. The microscopic forces were determined by appropriately averaging the forces acting on the silica wall from the water molecules in time and space; the time evolutions of these microscopic forces during the solidification processes were investigated for three types of silica surfaces. The results indicate that the microscopic forces fluctuate more after the solidification interface makes contact with the wall surface. To visualize the changes in the microscopic forces and hydrogen bonds due to solidification, their differences compared to the liquid state were calculated. When the solidification interface is near the wall, the changes in these microscopic forces and hydrogen bonds due to solidification are correlated. This tendency is more significant for an amorphous wall and a wall with a structure than for a crystalline wall. The changes in the microscopic force depend on the water molecules that behave as acceptors when forming the hydrogen bonds with the wall and on the configuration of the silanol groups on the silica surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Uchida
- SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., 322 Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8486, Japan.
| | - Kunio Fujiwara
- Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Zhu X, Vandamme M, Jiang Z, Brochard L. Molecular simulation of the confined crystallization of ice in cement nanopore. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154704. [PMID: 37850696 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing of water under nanoconfinement exhibits physical peculiarities with respect to the bulk water. However, experimental observations are extremely challenging at this scale, which limits our understanding of the effect of confinement on water properties upon freezing. In this study, we use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate how confinement affects the kinetics of growth of ice and the thermodynamic equilibrium of ice-liquid coexistence. TIP4P/Ice water model and CSH-FF model were applied to simulate ice crystallization in a confined cement system at temperatures down to 220 K. We adapted an interface detection algorithm and reparameterized the CHILL/CHILL+ algorithm to capture ice growth. The confinement leads to a shift of the maximum growth rate of ice to a higher temperature than for bulk water. Both the confinement and surface impurities contribute to slowing down the ice growth. For the ice-liquid coexistence at equilibrium, we derive a formulation of Thomson's equation adapted to statistical physics quantities accessible by molecular simulation, and we show that this adapted equation predicts accurately the melting line of bulk and confined ice Ih as a function of pressure. The confinement decreases systematically the melting temperature of ice of about 5 K compared with bulk ice Ih. A premelted water film about 1 nm thick is observed between the solid wall and ice, and its thickness is found to decrease continuously as temperature is lowered. We note that the surface impurities are key to the formation of the premelted water nanofilm when the temperature is lower than 250 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Matthieu Vandamme
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Zhengwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Laurent Brochard
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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6
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Yang C, Ladd-Parada M, Nam K, Jeong S, You S, Späh A, Pathak H, Eklund T, Lane TJ, Lee JH, Eom I, Kim M, Amann-Winkel K, Perakis F, Nilsson A, Kim KH. Melting domain size and recrystallization dynamics of ice revealed by time-resolved x-ray scattering. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3313. [PMID: 37316494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase transition between water and ice is ubiquitous and one of the most important phenomena in nature. Here, we performed time-resolved x-ray scattering experiments capturing the melting and recrystallization dynamics of ice. The ultrafast heating of ice I is induced by an IR laser pulse and probed with an intense x-ray pulse which provided us with direct structural information on different length scales. From the wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns, the molten fraction, as well as the corresponding temperature at each delay, were determined. The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, together with the information extracted from the WAXS analysis, provided the time-dependent change of the size and the number of liquid domains. The results show partial melting (~13%) and superheating of ice occurring at around 20 ns. After 100 ns, the average size of the liquid domains grows from about 2.5 nm to 4.5 nm by the coalescence of approximately six adjacent domains. Subsequently, we capture the recrystallization of the liquid domains, which occurs on microsecond timescales due to the cooling by heat dissipation and results to a decrease of the average liquid domain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemistry Department, Glyscoscience Division, Kungliga Tekniska Högskola, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 11421, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyeongmin Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju You
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Sun Q, Xiao D, Zhang W, Mao X. Quasi-water layer sandwiched between hexagonal ice and wall and its influences on the ice tensile stress. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13324-13333. [PMID: 36065833 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a quasi-water/premelting layer at the interface between wall and ice when the temperature (T) is below the melting point was extensively observed in experiments. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to analyze the underlying physics of the quasi-water layer and the effects of the layer on the ice tensile stress. The results indicate that each molecule and its four nearest neighbours in the quasi-water layer representing an equilibrium structure gradually form a tetrahedral ice-like arrangement from an unstructured liquid-like structure along the direction away from the wall. The average density of the quasi-water layer is equal to or higher than the bulk density of water at T ≥ 240 K or T ≤ 240 K respectively, and reaches 1.155 g cm-3 at T = 210 K, suggesting a structural correlation with the high-density liquid phase of water. Depending on the temperature and wall wettability, the thickness of the quasi-water layer (Hq) ranges from ∼2 Å to ∼25 Å. For prescribed hydrophilic walls, Hq increases monotonically with temperature, and is almost proportional to(Tm - T)-1/3, where Tm is the melting temperature of ice. Hq keeps an almost constant value (2 Å) as the temperature increases and rises sharply after passing a threshold temperature of T ≈ 250 K. In the joint effects of the wall wettability and quasi-water layer's thickness, the ice tensile stress decreasing monotonically at a larger temperature shows an upward trend and then reduces to almost a constant value as the wall changes from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic one. The results reveal the potential development of anti-icing/de-icing techniques by heating the wall or modifying its surface to increase Hq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Dandan Xiao
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Xuerui Mao
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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8
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Emelyanenko KA, Emelyanenko AM, Boinovich LB. Review of the State of the Art in Studying Adhesion Phenomena at Interfaces of Solids with Solid and Liquid Aqueous Media. COLLOID JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x22030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Wang M, Sun Q, Yang C, Cheng L. Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal de-icing on a nanochannel with hot fluids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Wang F, Zhuo Y, He Z, Xiao S, He J, Zhang Z. Dynamic Anti-Icing Surfaces (DAIS). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101163. [PMID: 34499428 PMCID: PMC8564445 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in surface icephobicity in the recent years. The mainstream standpoint of the reported antiicing surfaces yet only considers the ice-substrate interface and its adjacent regions being of static nature. In reality, the local structures and the overall properties of ice-substrate interfaces evolve with time, temperature and various external stimuli. Understanding the dynamic properties of the icing interface is crucial for shedding new light on the design of new anti-icing surfaces to meet challenges of harsh conditions including extremely low temperature and/or long working time. This article surveys the state-of-the-art anti-icing surfaces and dissects their dynamic changes of the chemical/physical states at icing interface. According to the focused critical ice-substrate contacting locations, namely the most important ice-substrate interface and the adjacent regions in the substrate and in the ice, the available anti-icing surfaces are for the first time re-assessed by taking the dynamic evolution into account. Subsequently, the recent works in the preparation of dynamic anti-icing surfaces (DAIS) that consider time-evolving properties, with their potentials in practical applications, and the challenges confronted are summarized and discussed, aiming for providing a thorough review of the promising concept of DAIS for guiding the future icephobic materials designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Yizhi Zhuo
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Zhiwei He
- College of Materials and Environmental EngineeringHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Senbo Xiao
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
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11
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Uchida S, Fujiwara K, Shibahara M. Structure of the Water Molecule Layer between Ice and Amorphous/Crystalline Surfaces Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9601-9609. [PMID: 34387078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the water layer between the ice interface and the hydroxylated amorphous/crystalline silica surfaces was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the density profile in the direction perpendicular to the surface has two density peaks in the water layer at the ice-silica interface, which are affected by the silanol group density on the wall and the degree of supercooling in the system. In the two density peaks, the one facing the ice interface side has the same structure as the ice crystal, while the other density peak facing the silica surface has an icelike structure. In the solidification process, the ice and icelike structures in the layer progress more on the amorphous silica surface where the density of the silanol groups is low. The relationship between the ice crystallization and the thickness of the layer has been studied in detail; the lower the temperature, the more the ice crystallization progresses and the thinner the layer becomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Uchida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,R & D Department, SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., 322 Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8486, Japan
| | - Kunio Fujiwara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibahara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Wassermobilität in der grenzflächeninduzierten Schmelzschicht von Eis/Tonmineral‐Nanokompositen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Li H, Mars J, Lohstroh W, Koza MM, Butt H, Mezger M. Water Mobility in the Interfacial Liquid Layer of Ice/Clay Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7697-7702. [PMID: 33238050 PMCID: PMC8048683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
At solid/ice interfaces, a premelting layer is formed at temperatures below the melting point of bulk water. However, the structural and dynamic properties within the premelting layer have been a topic of intense debate. Herein, we determined the translational diffusion coefficient Dt of water in ice/clay nanocomposites serving as model systems for permafrost by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Below the bulk melting point, a rapid decrease of Dt is found for charged hydrophilic vermiculite, uncharged hydrophilic kaolin, and more hydrophobic talc, reaching plateau values below -4 °C. At this temperature, Dt in the premelting layer is reduced up to a factor of two compared to supercooled bulk water. Adjacent to charged vermiculite the lowest water mobility was observed, followed by kaolin and the more hydrophobic talc. Results are explained by the intermolecular water interactions with different clay surfaces and interfacial segregation of the low-density liquid water (LDL) component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Julian Mars
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Michael Marek Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 2015638042GrenobleFrance
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Butt
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of Physics, Dynamics of Condensed SystemsUniversity of ViennaBoltzmanngasse 51090WienAustria
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14
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Hejral U, Shipilin M, Gustafson J, Stierle A, Lundgren E. High energy surface x-ray diffraction applied to model catalyst surfaces at work. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:073001. [PMID: 33690191 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb17c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are materials that accelerate the rate of a desired chemical reaction. As such, they constitute an integral part in many applications ranging from the production of fine chemicals in chemical industry to exhaust gas treatment in vehicles. Accordingly, it is of utmost economic interest to improve catalyst efficiency and performance, which requires an understanding of the interplay between the catalyst structure, the gas phase and the catalytic activity under realistic reaction conditions at ambient pressures and elevated temperatures. In recent years efforts have been made to increasingly develop techniques that allow for investigating model catalyst samples under conditions closer to those of real technical catalysts. One of these techniques is high energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), which uses x-rays with photon energies typically in the range of 70-80 keV. HESXRD allows a fast data collection of three dimensional reciprocal space for the structure determination of model catalyst samples under operando conditions and has since been used for the investigation of an increasing number of different model catalysts. In this article we will review general considerations of HESXRD including its working principle for different model catalyst samples and the experimental equipment required. An overview over HESXRD investigations performed in recent years will be given, and the advantages of HESXRD with respect to its application to different model catalyst samples will be presented. Moreover, the combination of HESXRD with other operando techniques such as in situ mass spectrometry, planar laser-induced fluorescence and surface optical reflectance will be discussed. The article will close with an outlook on future perspectives and applications of HESXRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Hejral
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Guo W. Screening effect of monolayer van der Waals crystals on surface deicing: a molecular simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27873-27881. [PMID: 33284299 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04656f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our extensive molecular dynamics simulations reveal a significant screening effect of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on surface deicing of substrates with different degrees of hydrophilicity, including superhydrophilic (SHP) and superhydrophobic (SHB) substrates. Compared with bare surfaces, graphene and h-BN reduce the interfacial shear strength and the normal detaching strength of ice on an SHP substrate but increase the shear and detaching strengths on hydrophobic and SHB substrates. However, the shear and detaching strengths of ice become approximately unified on all of the surfaces, when interface ice layers melt into liquid water, demonstrating the screening capability from graphene and h-BN that weakens the influence of substrates on ice adhesion. Graphene and h-BN coatings suppress ice premelting on the SHP surface and change the dielectric constant of interface ice or water. This work could deepen our understanding of the role of van der Waals crystals in deicing coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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16
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Abstract
A highly stable ice monolayer with folded structural motifs is predicted by means of a novel tiling method augmented with ab initio calculations. This ice monolayer has every two neighboring water hexamers connected by a water square yet folded into two distinct planes, and is thus coined as a folded ice model. It is in the ground state in a range of water densities from 0.08 to 0.12 Å-2, with a stronger energy preference at a lower water density. Its stability shown by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations can sustain up to a temperature of 100 K. The tiling method also enables the prediction of a family of considerably stable ice monolayers with a variety of puckered structures. These results enrich our knowledge of low-dimensional water structures and pave a way to explore more exotic ice nanostructures under confinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Water and Ice Adhesion to Solid Surfaces: Common and Specific, the Impact of Temperature and Surface Wettability. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ice adhesion plays a crucial role in the performance of materials under outdoor conditions, where the mitigation of snow and ice accumulation or spontaneous shedding of solid water precipitations are highly desirable. In this brief review we compare the adhesion of water and ice to different surfaces and consider the mechanisms of ice adhesion to solids basing on the surface forces analysis. The role of a premelted or quasi-liquid layer (QLL) in the ice adhesion is discussed with the emphasis on superhydrophobic surfaces, and the temperature dependence of ice adhesion strength is considered with an account of QLL. We also very briefly mention some recent methods for the measurement of ice adhesion strength to the icephobic engineering materials outlining the problems which remain to be experimentally solved.
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18
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Compositional Dependence of Pore Structure, Strengthand Freezing-Thawing Resistance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132973. [PMID: 32635211 PMCID: PMC7372425 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the composition dependent properties and freezing-thawing (F-T) resistance of geopolymer materials is vital to their applications in cold regions. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymer (MKG) mortars were fabricated by controlling the Si/Al ratio and the Na/Al ratio. The pore structure and strength were measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry and compression tests, respectively, which both showed obvious correlations with the material composition. Mass loss, strength loss, visual rate, and microscopic observation were adopted to assess the changes of the material properties and microstructure caused by F-T loads. The results showed that the strength-porosity relationship roughly followed a linear plot. Increases of the Si/Al ratio increased the capillary pore volume, but decreased the gel pore volume and the F-T resistance. Increases of the Na/Al ratio decreased the gel pore, but roughly enhanced the F-T resistance. The MKG mortar at the Na/Al ratio of 1.26 showed the lowest total pore volume and the best F-T resistance. The mechanisms of our experimental observations were that the abundantly distributed air voids connected by the capillary pores facilitated the relaxation of hydraulic pressures induced by the freezing of the pore liquid. The findings of this work help better clarify the compositional dependence of the pore structure, strength, and freezing-thawing resistance of MKG materials and provide fundamental bases for their engineering applications in cold regions.
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19
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Abstract
Understanding water wetting layers on solid surfaces is essential for many natural and industrial processes. Here we find a helical ice monolayer with every six water molecules helically arranged along the normal of the basal plane by performing an intensive structural search based on ab initio calculations. The helical ice is more stable than all previous models of monolayer and bilayer ices in a wide range of water densities both in vacuum and on weakly interacting substrates due to a stronger network of hydrogen bonds enabled by the helical geometry. More compelling is the fact that this model adequately explains a recent experimental ice monolayer grown on graphite in terms of the lattice parameter, water density, and Moiré pattern. The helical character in the new ice model echoes previously reported helical motifs in one-dimensional ice structures and suggests an unexpected capability of hydrogen bonds in driving the surface reconstruction of ice structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute of Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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20
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Zalutskii AA. Mössbauer Probe Diagnostics of the Properties of Quasi-Liquid Water Layer on the Aluminosilicate Surface of Natural Origin. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Komendová R, Žídek J, Berka M, Jemelková M, Řezáčová V, Conte P, Kučerík J. Small-sized platinum nanoparticles in soil organic matter: Influence on water holding capacity, evaporation and structural rigidity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133822. [PMID: 31756795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered and anthropogenic nanoparticles represent a new type of pollutants. Up until now, many studies have reported its adverse effect on biota, but the potential influence on the properties and functions of environmental compartments has largely been ignored. In this work, the effect of Pt nanoparticles on the functions and properties of model soil organic matter has been studied. Using differential scanning calorimetry and molecular modeling, the effect of a wide range of 3 nm Pt nanoparticles concentrations on water holding capacity, the strength of water binding, the stability of water molecule bridges and the content of aliphatic crystallites was studied. It was found that strong hydration of the nanoparticles influences the 3D water structural network and acts as kosmotropic agents (structure-forming) in water bridges and as chaotropic agents (i.e. water destructuring) in larger water volumes. Contrarily, the interaction with soil organic matter moieties partially eliminates these effects. As a result, the 3 nm Pt nanoparticles decreased the evaporation enthalpy of water in soil organic matter and supported soil desiccation. They also increased the strength of water molecule bridges and increased the soil structural rigidity even at low concentrations. Additionally, at high concentrations, they decreased the water content in soil organic matter and induced the aliphatic moieties' crystallization. It is concluded that the small-sized Pt nanoparticles, and perhaps other types as well, may affect the local physicochemical processes in soils and may consequently contribute to enhanced evapotranspiration and deterioration of soil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Komendová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Žídek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Berka
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Jemelková
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Řezáčová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, v.le delle Scienze edificio 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jiří Kučerík
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Quasi-Liquid Layer on Ice and Its Effect on the Confined Freezing of Porous Materials. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Freezing of the water confined in thin pores can be destructive to the porous frame, but the effect of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) between the confined ice and the pore walls remains still far from being fully understood. In the present study, the physical origins of the intermediate phase of QLL were discussed by thermodynamic analyses. Different interactions on QLL bring different models to estimate its thickness, which generally decays with temperature decreasing. Four representative models of QLL thickness were selected to unveil its effect on the growing rates and extents of ice in a concrete. The engineering consequences of the confined freezing were then discussed in the aspects of effective pore pressures built from the confined ice growth and deformations framed by a poro-elastic model. Overall, thickening QLL depresses ice growing rates and contents and, consequentially, decreases pore pressures and material deformations during freezing. The QLL corrections also narrow the gaps between the predicted and measured freezing deformations. The findings of this study contribute to profound understandings of confined freezing that may bridge over physical principles and engineering observations.
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23
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Sakurai K, Jiang J, Mizusawa M, Ito T, Akutsu K, Miyata N. Neutron visualization of inhomogeneous buried interfaces in thin films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:571. [PMID: 30679617 PMCID: PMC6345982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When designing some functions in thin film systems, one of the key concepts is the structure of the constituent layers and interfaces. In an actual system, the layers and interfaces are often inhomogeneous in different scales, from hundreds of microns to several nanometers, causing differences in properties, despite very similar average structures. In this case, the choice of the observation point is critical to clarify the problem. Another critical aspect is the identification of these points by surveying the entire inhomogeneous thin film system. This article presents a description of a novel promising solution that is suitable for nondestructive visualization of inhomogeneous buried layers and interfaces in thin films. Such observations have been impossible until now. In this investigation, a unique extension of neutron reflectometry is proposed. While conventional neutron reflectivity just gives average depth-profiling of the scattering length density of layered thin films, the present method provides full picture of the inhomogeneity. In general, achieving a high spatial-resolving power for neutron scattering is not straightforward because the neutron counts become fairly limited at the sample or the detector position when the beam size is reduced. As a result, XY scanning of a sample with a small neutron beam is fairly difficult because of the required long measurement time. To address these issues, new concepts have been introduced for neutron reflectivity. The proposed method uses a wide beam instead of reducing the beam size. In addition, it measures the projection reflection profile instead of the total integrated intensity. These profiles are collected at a set of different in-plane angles. Similar to computed tomography, it is possible to obtain the specimen's two-dimensional (2D) neutron reflectivity distribution as one image. Because the spatial resolution is limited by the detection method, a Hadamard coded mask is employed to measure the reflection projection with only 50% loss of the primary neutron intensity. When the time-of-flight (ToF) mode is used for the neutron experiment, one can obtain many images as a function of ToF, i.e., the wavevector transfer. Such series of images can be displayed as a video. This indicates that the neutron reflectivity profiles of local points can be retrieved from the above video images. This paper presents the first report on the development of neutron reflectivity with imaging capability, and the analysis of local points in inhomogeneous layered thin-films without utilizing a small neutron beam. In the present work, the feasibility of the proposed method with approximately 1 mm spatial resolution was examined. In addition, further improvements of the approach are discussed. It is anticipated that this technique will facilitate new opportunities in the study of buried function interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakurai
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan.
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Mari Mizusawa
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ito
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Akutsu
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
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24
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Li H, Bier M, Mars J, Weiss H, Dippel AC, Gutowski O, Honkimäki V, Mezger M. Interfacial premelting of ice in nano composite materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3734-3741. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05604h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative description of ice premelting in permafrost model systems. Experimental data on the interfacial premelting in ice/clay nano composites was obtained by high energy X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics IV
- University of Stuttgart
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Henning Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | | | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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25
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Abstract
The evaporation (sublimation) of ice and snow has a major impact on global climate, since the amount of ice and snow determines Earth’s albedo. Yet, due to their complex geometry with several sharp regions which are singular for the evaporation, the precise evaporation dynamics of snow and ice crystals remains challenging to predict. Here, we study the sublimation of snowflakes and pointy ice drops. We show that the evaporation rates of water and ice drops are similar; they are both limited by the diffusive transport of the vapour. This allows us to predict ice and snowflake evaporation quantitatively by solving the diffusive free-boundary problem, which correctly predicts the rapid self-similar evolution of sharp edges and points. Beyond providing a conceptual picture to understand the sublimation of ice crystals, our results are more generally applicable to other diffusion problems such as the dissolution of salt crystals or pharmaceuticals. Ice sublimation is a common, yet little-studied, heat and mass transfer problem with climatic and industrial implications. Here, the authors show that the sublimation of ice crystals is purely diffusive and is unaffected by the underlying crystalline lattice.
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26
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Weber B, Nagata Y, Ketzetzi S, Tang F, Smit WJ, Bakker HJ, Backus EHG, Bonn M, Bonn D. Molecular Insight into the Slipperiness of Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2838-2842. [PMID: 29741089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the friction coefficient of steel-on-ice over a large temperature range reveal very high friction at low temperatures (-100 °C) and a steep decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature. Very low friction is only found over the limited temperature range typical for ice skating. The strong decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature exhibits Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of Ea ≈ 11.5 kJ mol-1. Remarkably, molecular dynamics simulations of the ice-air interface reveal a very similar activation energy for the mobility of surface molecules. Weakly hydrogen-bonded surface molecules diffuse over the surface in a rolling motion, their number and mobility increasing with increasing temperature. This correlation between macroscopic friction and microscopic molecular mobility indicates that slippery ice arises from the high mobility of its surface molecules, making the ice surface smooth and the shearing of the weakly bonded surface molecules easy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weber
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Stefania Ketzetzi
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Fujie Tang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Wilbert J Smit
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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27
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Gohari B, Russell K, Hejazi V, Rohatgi P. Role of Water Solidification Concepts in Designing Nano-Textured Anti-Icing Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7527-7535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Gohari
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Kyle Russell
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Vahid Hejazi
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pradeep Rohatgi
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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28
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Kim KY, Kwak JS, An YI, Oh KR, Kwon YU. Characteristics of NaNO 3-Promoted CdO as a Midtemperature CO 2 Absorbent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21563-21572. [PMID: 28581705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the reaction system CdO(s) + CO2(g) ⇄ CdCO3(s) as a model system for CO2 capture agent in the intermediate temperature range of 300-400 °C. While pure CdO does not react with CO2 at all up to 500 °C, CdO mixed with an appropriate amount of NaNO3 (optimal molar ratio NaNO3/CdO = 0.14) greatly enhances the conversion of CdO into CdCO3 up to ∼80% (5.68 mmol/g). These NaNO3-promoted CdO absorbents can undergo many cycles of absorption and desorption by temperature swing between 300 and 370 °C under a 100% CO2 condition. Details of how NaNO3 promotes the CO2 absorption of CdO have been delineated through various techniques using thermogravimetry, coupled with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. On the basis of the observed data, we propose a mechanism of CO2 absorption and desorption of NaNO3-promoted CdO. The absorption proceeds through a sequence of events of CO2 adsorption on the CdO surface covered by NaNO3, dissolution of so-formed CdCO3, and precipitation of CdCO3 particles in the NaNO3 medium. The desorption occurs through the decomposition of CdCO3 in the dissolved state in the NaNO3 medium where CdO nanoparticles are formed dispersed in the NaNO3 medium. The CdO nanoparticles are aggregated into micrometer-large particles with smooth surfaces and regular shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-In An
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryul Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Uk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
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29
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Liljeblad JFD, Furó I, Tyrode EC. The premolten layer of ice next to a hydrophilic solid surface: correlating adhesion with molecular properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:305-317. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple spectroscopy techniques have been used to correlate macroscopic adhesion to molecular properties of the premolten layer of ice next to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F. D. Liljeblad
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Eric C. Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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30
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Abstract
Since the pioneering prediction of surface melting by Michael Faraday, it has been widely accepted that thin water layers, called quasi-liquid layers (QLLs), homogeneously and completely wet ice surfaces. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, here we both theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that QLLs have more than two wetting states and that there is a first-order wetting transition between them. Furthermore, we find that QLLs are born not only under supersaturated conditions, as recently reported, but also at undersaturation, but QLLs are absent at equilibrium. This means that QLLs are a metastable transient state formed through vapor growth and sublimation of ice, casting a serious doubt on the conventional understanding presupposing the spontaneous formation of QLLs in ice-vapor equilibrium. We propose a simple but general physical model that consistently explains these aspects of surface melting and QLLs. Our model shows that a unique interfacial potential solely controls both the wetting and thermodynamic behavior of QLLs.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J. Tuononen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Voronov V, Gorodetskii E, Podnek V, Grigoriev B. Properties of equilibrium carbon dioxide hydrate in porous medium. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thomsen H, Bonitz M. Resolving structural transitions in spherical dust clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:043104. [PMID: 25974599 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.043104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Finite systems in confining potentials are known to undergo structural transitions similar to phase transitions. However, these systems are inhomogeneous, and their "melting" point may depend on the position in the trap and vary with the particle number. Focusing on three-dimensional Coulomb systems in a harmonic trap a rich physics is revealed: in addition to radial melting we demonstrate the existence of intrashell disordering and intershell angular melting. Our analysis takes advantage of a novel melting criterion that is based on the spatial two- and three-particle distribution functions and the associated reduced entropy which can be directly measured in complex plasma experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thomsen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Bonitz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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Cimas Á, Tielens F, Sulpizi M, Gaigeot MP, Costa D. The amorphous silica-liquid water interface studied by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD): local organization in global disorder. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:244106. [PMID: 24863440 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/24/244106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The structural organization of water at a model of amorphous silica-liquid water interface is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations at room temperature. The amorphous surface is constructed with isolated, H-bonded vicinal and geminal silanols. In the absence of water, the silanols have orientations that depend on the local surface topology (i.e. presence of concave and convex zones). However, in the presence of liquid water, only the strong inter-silanol H-bonds are maintained, whereas the weaker ones are replaced by H-bonds formed with interfacial water molecules. All silanols are found to act as H-bond donors to water. The vicinal silanols are simultaneously found to be H-bond acceptors from water. The geminal pairs are also characterized by the formation of water H-bonded rings, which could provide special pathways for proton transfer(s) at the interface. The first water layer above the surface is overall rather disordered, with three main domains of orientations of the water molecules. We discuss the similarities and differences in the structural organization of the interfacial water layer at the surface of the amorphous silica and at the surface of the crystalline (0 0 0 1) quartz surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cimas
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, LAMBE UMR CNRS 8587, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Blvd F Mitterrand, Bat. Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France
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Saruya T, Kurita K, Rempel AW. Indirect measurement of interfacial melting from macroscopic ice observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:060401. [PMID: 25019705 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Premelted water that is adsorbed to particle surfaces and confined to capillary regions remains in the liquid state well below the bulk melting temperature and can supply the segregated growth of ice lenses. Using macroscopic measurements of ice-lens initiation position in step-freezing experiments, we infer how the nanometer-scale thicknesses of premelted films depend on temperature depression below bulk melting. The interfacial interactions between ice, liquid, and soda-lime glass particles exhibit a power-law behavior that suggests premelting in our system is dominated by short-range electrostatic forces. Using our inferred film thicknesses as inputs to a simple force-balance model with no adjustable parameters, we obtain good quantitative agreement between numerical predictions and observed ice-lens thickness. Macroscopic observations of lensing behavior have the potential as probes of premelting behavior in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Saruya
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kei Kurita
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Alan W Rempel
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Chernyy S, Järn M, Shimizu K, Swerin A, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K, Makkonen L, Claesson P, Iruthayaraj J. Superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brush layers with imparted anti-icing properties: effect of counter ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6487-96. [PMID: 24713022 DOI: 10.1021/am500046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the feasibility of superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brush coatings for anti-icing applications. Five different types of ionic and nonionic polymer brush coatings of 25-100 nm thickness were formed on glass substrates using silane chemistry for surface premodification followed by polymerization via the SI-ATRP route. The cationic [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride] and the anionic [poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate), poly(sodium methacrylate)] polyelectrolyte brushes were further exchanged with H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Ca2+, La3+, C16N+, F-, Cl-, BF4-, SO4(2-), and C12SO3- ions. By consecutive measurements of the strength of ice adhesion toward ion-incorporated polymer brushes on glass it was found that Li+ ions reduce ice adhesion by 40% at -18 °C and 70% at -10 °C. Ag+ ions reduce ice adhesion by 80% at -10 °C relative to unmodified glass. In general, superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit better anti-icing property at -10 °C compared to partially hydrophobic brushes such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and surfactant exchanged polyelectrolyte brushes. The data are interpreted using the concept of a quasi liquid layer (QLL) that is enhanced in the presence of highly hydrated ions at the interface. It is suggested that the ability of ions to coordinate water is directly related to the efficiency of a given anti-icing coating based on the polyelectrolyte brush concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Chernyy
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark ,, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Eberle P, Tiwari MK, Maitra T, Poulikakos D. Rational nanostructuring of surfaces for extraordinary icephobicity. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4874-4881. [PMID: 24667802 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Icing of surfaces is commonplace in nature, technology and everyday life, bringing with it sometimes catastrophic consequences. A rational methodology for designing materials with extraordinary resistance to ice formation and adhesion remains however elusive. We show that ultrafine roughnesses can be fabricated, so that the ice nucleation-promoting effect of nanopits on surfaces is effectively counteracted in the presence of an interfacial quasiliquid layer. The ensuing interface confinement strongly suppresses the stable formation of ice nuclei. We explain why such nanostructuring leads to the same extremely low, robust nucleation temperature of ∼-24 °C for over three orders of magnitude change in RMS size (∼0.1 to ∼100 nm). Overlaying such roughnesses on pillar-microtextures harvests the additional benefits of liquid repellency and low ice adhesion. When tested at a temperature of -21 °C, such surfaces delayed the freezing of a sessile supercooled water droplet at the same temperature by a remarkable 25 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Eberle
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Mechanical and Process Engineering Department, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Rimola A, Costa D, Sodupe M, Lambert JF, Ugliengo P. Silica surface features and their role in the adsorption of biomolecules: computational modeling and experiments. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4216-313. [PMID: 23289428 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Rimola
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Lai YC, Chen YF, Chiang YW. ESR study of interfacial hydration layers of polypeptides in water-filled nanochannels and in vitrified bulk solvents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68264. [PMID: 23840841 PMCID: PMC3695931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable evidence for the essential role of surface water in protein function and structure. However, it is unclear to what extent the hydration water and protein are coupled and interact with each other. Here, we show by ESR experiments (cw, DEER, ESEEM, and ESE techniques) with spin-labeling and nanoconfinement techniques that the vitrified hydration layers can be evidently recognized in the ESR spectra, providing nanoscale understanding for the biological interfacial water. Two peptides of different secondary structures and lengths are studied in vitrified bulk solvents and in water-filled nanochannels of different pore diameter (6.1∼7.6 nm). The existence of surface hydration and bulk shells are demonstrated. Water in the immediate vicinity of the nitroxide label (within the van der Waals contacts, ∼0.35 nm) at the water-peptide interface is verified to be non-crystalline at 50 K, and the water accessibility changes little with the nanochannel dimension. Nevertheless, this water accessibility for the nanochannel cases is only half the value for the bulk solvent, even though the peptide structures remain largely the same as those immersed in the bulk solvents. On the other hand, the hydration density in the range of ∼2 nm from the nitroxide spin increases substantially with decreasing pore size, as the density for the largest pore size (7.6 nm) is comparable to that for the bulk solvent. The results demonstrate that while the peptides are confined but structurally unaltered in the nanochannels, their surrounding water exhibits density heterogeneity along the peptide surface normal. The causes and implications, especially those involving the interactions between the first hydration water and peptides, of these observations are discussed. Spin-label ESR techniques are proven useful for studying the structure and influences of interfacial hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Chen Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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de Pauli M, Magalhães-Paniago R, Malachias A. Phase-dependent premelting of self-assembled phosphonic acid multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:052402. [PMID: 23767549 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.052402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melting and premelting phenomena in self-organized organic systems have been extensively explored in the literature, exploring distinct behaviors of different molecule lengths and morphologies. Nevertheless, the influence of the supramolecular assembly configuration on the occurrence of premelting remains poorly explored. Here we use phosphonic acids as model systems for self-organized molecular assemblies. These molecules exhibit long-range order on different types of substrates. The balance between chain-to-chain and head-to-head interactions leads to distinct types of stackings. Although their structural configurations are well understood, very little is known about their behavior near the melting transition. We show here that premelting occurs in lamellar structures and that its behavior depends directly on the ordered configuration assumed in the studied multilayers. Two molecules with different chain lengths were investigated: octadecyl phosphonic and octyl phosphonic acids. Although almost no dependence on the molecule length was observed, the occurrence of premelting is strongly influenced by their lamellar packing configuration. For tilted packings premelting is unfavored while in straight configurations, where alkyl chain interactions are weakened with respect to head-to-head interactions, strong premelting is observed. We find that the onset of premelting occurs at the domain boundaries with straight lamellar configurations and the domain sizes exhibit power law temperature dependences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Pauli
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP: 30123-970, Brazil
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Schappert K, Pelster R. Continuous freezing of argon in completely filled mesopores. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:135701. [PMID: 23581340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the phase transition of argon in completely filled mesopores. Our effective medium analysis of ultrasonic measurements clearly indicates a continuous phase transition of argon in completely filled pores over a broad temperature range of about 45 K. With decreasing temperature, the amount of frozen argon increases and below about 30 K all adsorbed argon (including the first few layers near the pore wall) is frozen with a shear modulus about equal to the bulk shear modulus. It is remarkable, that in a system showing such a pronounced confinement effect--a continuous phase transition over 45 K--the bulk properties are preserved. A comparison with temperature cycles with one and two adsorbed layers shows, that due to the presence of solid argon in the center of the pores the first few layers are already frozen at a higher temperature (30 K) compared to single layers (20 K). The transfer of our technique from the simple model system that we present in this Letter to other more complex adsorbates and different porous samples should help to enlighten the phase behavior under confinement in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Schappert
- FR 7.2 Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Liyana-Arachchi TP, Valsaraj KT, Hung FR. Ice Growth from Supercooled Aqueous Solutions of Benzene, Naphthalene, and Phenanthrene. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8539-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304921c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilanga P. Liyana-Arachchi
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Kalliat T. Valsaraj
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Francisco R. Hung
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
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46
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Erko M, Wallacher D, Hoell A, Hauss T, Zizak I, Paris O. Density minimum of confined water at low temperatures: a combined study by small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3852-8. [PMID: 22327805 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple explanation is given for the low-temperature density minimum of water confined within cylindrical pores of ordered nanoporous materials of different pore size. The experimental evidence is based on combined data from in-situ small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS), corroborated by additional wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The combined scattering data cannot be described by a homogeneous density distribution of water within the pores, as was originally suggested from SANS data alone. A two-step density model reveals a wall layer covering approximately two layers of water molecules with higher density than the residual core water in the central part of the pores. The temperature-induced changes of the scattering signal from both X-rays and neutrons are consistent with a minimum of the average water density. We show that the temperature at which this minimum occurs depends monotonically on the pore size. Therefore we attribute this minimum to a liquid-solid transition of water influenced by confinement. For water confined in the smallest pores of only 2 nm in diameter, the density minimum is explained in terms of a structural transition of the surface water layer closest to the hydrophilic pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erko
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Institute of Physics, Leoben, Austria
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47
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González Solveyra E, de la Llave E, Scherlis DA, Molinero V. Melting and Crystallization of Ice in Partially Filled Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14196-204. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205008w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía González Solveyra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Pab II, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel de la Llave
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Pab II, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Pab II, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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Liyana-Arachchi TP, Valsaraj KT, Hung FR. Molecular Simulation Study of the Adsorption of Naphthalene and Ozone on Atmospheric Air/Ice Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9226-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205246z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilanga P. Liyana-Arachchi
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kalliat T. Valsaraj
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Francisco R. Hung
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Venturini F, Schöder S, Kuhs WF, Honkimäki V, Melesi L, Reichert H, Schober H, Thomas F. A large-volume gas cell for high-energy X-ray reflectivity investigations of interfaces under pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:251-256. [PMID: 21335913 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510052106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A cell for the investigation of interfaces under pressure is presented. Given the pressure and temperature specifications of the cell, P ≤ 100 bar and 253 K ≤ T ≤ 323 K, respectively, high-energy X-rays are required to penetrate the thick Al(2)O(3) windows. The CH(4)(gas)/H(2)O(liquid) interface has been chosen to test the performance of the new device. The measured dynamic range of the high-energy X-ray reflectivity data exceeds 10(-8), thereby demonstrating the validity of the entire experimental set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Venturini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK.
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Zhang H, Hassanali AA, Shin YK, Knight C, Singer SJ. The water–amorphous silica interface: Analysis of the Stern layer and surface conduction. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3510536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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