1
|
Bhaumik H, Foffi G, Sastry S. Yielding transition of a two dimensional glass former under athermal cyclic sheardeformation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Foffi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, France
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen LQ, Yu JH, Tang XC, Sun BA, Liu YH, Bai HY, Wang WH. Observation of cavitation governing fracture in glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/14/eabf7293. [PMID: 33789905 PMCID: PMC8011974 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crack propagation is the major vehicle for material failure, but the mechanisms by which cracks propagate remain longstanding riddles, especially for glassy materials with a long-range disordered atomic structure. Recently, cavitation was proposed as an underlying mechanism governing the fracture of glasses, but experimental determination of the cavitation behavior of fracture is still lacking. Here, we present unambiguous experimental evidence to firmly establish the cavitation mechanism in the fracture of glasses. We show that crack propagation in various glasses is dominated by the self-organized nucleation, growth, and coalescence of nanocavities, eventually resulting in the nanopatterns on the fracture surfaces. The revealed cavitation-induced nanostructured fracture morphologies thus confirm the presence of nanoscale ductility in the fracture of nominally brittle glasses, which has been debated for decades. Our observations would aid a fundamental understanding of the failure of disordered systems and have implications for designing tougher glasses with excellent ductility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Quan Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hao Yu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Tang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-An Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Z, Ispas S, Kob W. Structure and vibrational properties of sodium silicate glass surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124503. [PMID: 33003733 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how the structural and vibrational properties of the surfaces of sodo-silicate glasses depend on the sodium content as well as the nature of the surface. Two types of glass surfaces are considered: A melt-formed surface (MS) in which a liquid with a free surface has been cooled down into the glass phase and a fracture surface (FS) obtained by tensile loading of a glass sample. We find that the MS is more abundant in Na and non-bridging oxygen atoms than the FS and the bulk glass, whereas the FS has higher concentration of structural defects such as two-membered rings and under-coordinated Si than the MS. We associate these structural differences to the production histories of the glasses and the mobility of the Na ions. It is also found that for Na-poor systems, the fluctuations in composition and local atomic charge density decay with a power-law as a function of distance from the surface, while Na-rich systems show an exponential decay with a typical decay length of ≈2.3 Å. The vibrational density of states shows that the presence of the surfaces leads to a decrease in the characteristic frequencies in the system. The two-membered rings give rise to a pronounce band at ≈880 cm-1, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Simona Ispas
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Walter Kob
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonfanti S, Ferrero EE, Sellerio AL, Guerra R, Zapperi S. Damage Accumulation in Silica Glass Nanofibers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4100-4106. [PMID: 29856226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the brittle-to-ductile transition, experimentally observed in amorphous silica nanofibers as the sample size is reduced, is still debated. Here we investigate the issue by extensive molecular dynamics simulations at low and room temperatures for a broad range of sample sizes, with open and periodic boundary conditions. Our results show that small sample-size enhanced ductility is primarily due to diffuse damage accumulation, that for larger samples leads to brittle catastrophic failure. Surface effects such as boundary fluidization contribute to ductility at room temperature by promoting necking, but are not the main driver of the transition. Our results suggest that the experimentally observed size-induced ductility of silica nanofibers is a manifestation of finite-size criticality, as expected in general for quasi-brittle disordered networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonfanti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics , University of Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Ezequiel E Ferrero
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics , University of Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
- CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche , Av. Bustillo 9500 , 8400 S. C. de Bariloche , Río Negro Argentina
| | - Alessandro L Sellerio
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics , University of Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Roberto Guerra
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics , University of Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics , University of Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia , Via R. Cozzi 53 , 20125 Milano , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh I, Narasimhan R, Ramamurty U. Cavitation-Induced Fracture Causes Nanocorrugations in Brittle Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:044302. [PMID: 27494475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.044302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brittle metallic glasses exhibit a unique and intriguing fracture morphology of periodic nanocorrugations whose spacing and amplitude are of the order of tens of nanometers. We show through continuum simulations that they fail by spontaneous and simultaneous cavitation within multiple weak zones arising due to intrinsic atomic density fluctuations ahead of a notch tip. Dynamic crack growth would then occur along curved but narrowly confined shear bands that link the growing cavities. This mechanism involves little dissipation and also explains the formation of nanocorrugations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - R Narasimhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upadrasta Ramamurty
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo J, Wang J, Bitzek E, Huang JY, Zheng H, Tong L, Yang Q, Li J, Mao SX. Size-Dependent Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in Silica Glass Nanofibers. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:105-113. [PMID: 26569137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silica (SiO2) glass, an essential material in human civilization, possesses excellent formability near its glass-transition temperature (Tg > 1100 °C). However, bulk SiO2 glass is very brittle at room temperature. Here we show a surprising brittle-to-ductile transition of SiO2 glass nanofibers at room temperature as its diameter reduces below 18 nm, accompanied by ultrahigh fracture strength. Large tensile plastic elongation up to 18% can be achieved at low strain rate. The unexpected ductility is due to a free surface affected zone in the nanofibers, with enhanced ionic mobility compared to the bulk that improves ductility by producing more bond-switching events per irreversible bond loss under tensile stress. Our discovery is fundamentally important for understanding the damage tolerance of small-scale amorphous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhang Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jiangwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Erik Bitzek
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - He Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott X Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5035. [PMID: 24849328 PMCID: PMC4030258 DOI: 10.1038/srep05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of the brittleness of glass is limited by our poor understanding and control over the microscopic structure. In this study, we used a pressure quenching route to tune the structure of silica glass in a controllable manner, and observed a systematic increase in ductility in samples quenched under increasingly higher pressure. The brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass can be attributed to the critical role of 5-fold Si coordination defects (bonded to 5 O neighbors) in facilitating shear deformation and in dissipating energy by converting back to the 4-fold coordination state during deformation. As an archetypal glass former and one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crest, a fundamental understanding of the microscopic structure underpinning the ductility of silica glass will not only pave the way toward rational design of strong glasses, but also advance our knowledge of the geological processes in the Earth's interior.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wondraczek L, Mauro JC, Eckert J, Kühn U, Horbach J, Deubener J, Rouxel T. Towards ultrastrong glasses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4578-4586. [PMID: 22103001 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of new glassy materials is key for addressing major global challenges in energy, medicine, and advanced communications systems. For example, thin, flexible, and large-area glass substrates will play an enabling role in the development of flexible displays, roll-to-roll processing of solar cells, next-generation touch-screen devices, and encapsulation of organic semiconductors. The main drawback of glass and its limitation for these applications is its brittle fracture behavior, especially in the presence of surface flaws, which can significantly reduce the practical strength of a glass product. Hence, the design of new ultrastrong glassy materials and strengthening techniques is of crucial importance. The main issues regarding glass strength are discussed, with an emphasis on the underlying microscopic mechanisms that are responsible for mechanical properties. The relationship among elastic properties and fracture behavior is also addressed, focusing on both oxide and metallic glasses. From a theoretical perspective, atomistic modeling of mechanical properties of glassy materials is considered. The topological origin of these properties is also discussed, including its relation to structural and chemical heterogeneities. Finally, comments are given on several toughening strategies for increasing the damage resistance of glass products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Wondraczek
- Department of Materials Science, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lechenault F, Rountree CL, Cousin F, Bouchaud JP, Ponson L, Bouchaud E. Evidence of deep water penetration in silica during stress corrosion fracture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:165504. [PMID: 21599383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.165504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85 Å, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of ∼100 Å extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lechenault
- CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pezzotti G, Leto A. Contribution of spatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence to study crack-tip phenomena in silica glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:175501. [PMID: 19905769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A current controversy over the nature of fracture in silica glass is revisited in the light of additional experimental evidence obtained by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy in the immediate crack-tip zone of two different types of silica glass. The Letter describes the dual experimental output obtained by monitoring optically active oxygen defects in silica glass, as follows: (i) analysis of local crack-tip stoichiometry (i.e., lattice defect population); and, (ii) spatially resolved stress analysis ahead of the crack tip based on a piezo-spectroscopic (PS) approach. CL experiments provided us with direct access to crack-tip stress fields, thus unfolding some missing detail about the complex mechanochemical interactions occurring at the crack tip in silica glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory & Research Institute for Nanoscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang G, Zhao DQ, Bai HY, Pan MX, Xia AL, Han BS, Xi XK, Wu Y, Wang WH. Nanoscale periodic morphologies on the fracture surface of brittle metallic glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:235501. [PMID: 17677915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-plane, nanoscale periodic corrugations are observed in the dynamic fracture surface of brittle bulk metallic glasses with fracture toughness approaching that of silica glasses. A model based on the meniscus instability and plastic zone theory is used to explain such dynamic crack instability. The results indicate that the local softening mechanism in the fracture is an essential ingredient for controlling the formation of the unique corrugations, and might provide a new insight into the origin of fracture surface roughening in brittle materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonamy D, Ponson L, Prades S, Bouchaud E, Guillot C. Scaling exponents for fracture surfaces in homogeneous glass and glassy ceramics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:135504. [PMID: 17026045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the scaling properties of postmortem fracture surfaces in silica glass and glassy ceramics. In both cases, the 2D height-height correlation function is found to obey Family-Viseck scaling properties, but with two sets of critical exponents, in particular, a roughness exponent zeta approximately 0.75 in homogeneous glass and zeta approximately 0.4 in glassy ceramics. The ranges of length scales over which these two scalings are observed are shown to be below and above the size of the process zone, respectively. A model derived from linear elastic fracture mechanics in the quasistatic approximation succeeds to reproduce the scaling exponents observed in glassy ceramics. The critical exponents observed in homogeneous glass are conjectured to reflect the damage screening occurring for length scales below the size of the process zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bonamy
- Service de Physique et Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, DSM/DRECAM/SPCSI, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Z, Nomura KI, Sharma A, Wang W, Zhang C, Nakano A, Kalia R, Vashishta P, Bouchaud E, Rountree C. Dynamics of wing cracks and nanoscale damage in glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:135501. [PMID: 16197145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate initiation, growth, and healing of wing cracks in confined silica glass by molecular dynamics simulations. Under dynamic compression, frictional sliding of precrack surfaces nucleates nanovoids which evolve into nanocrack columns at the precrack tip. Nanocrack columns merge to form a wing crack, which grows via coalescence with nanovoids in the direction of maximum compression. Lateral confinement arrests the growth and partially heals the wing crack. Growth and arrest of the wing crack occur repeatedly, as observed in dynamic compression experiments on brittle solids under lateral confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xi XK, Zhao DQ, Pan MX, Wang WH, Wu Y, Lewandowski JJ. Fracture of brittle metallic glasses: brittleness or plasticity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:125510. [PMID: 15903937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.125510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a brittle Mg-based bulk metallic glass which approaches the ideal brittle behavior. However, a dimple structure is observed at the fracture surface by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, indicating some type of "ductile" fracture mechanism in this very brittle glass. We also show, from the available data, a clear correlation between the fracture toughness and plastic process zone size for various glasses. The results indicate that the fracture in brittle metallic glassy materials might also proceed through the local softening mechanism but at different length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X K Xi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|