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Li XY, Yuan P, Wu LX, Gao F, Zheng J. A compact flexible sub-nanosecond framing photographic system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:123510. [PMID: 38153788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-speed multi-frame photographic system is presented in this paper. The system demonstrates exceptional compactness and flexibility, requiring only the introduction of a cavity comprising multiple beam-splitters in the optical path to enable multi-frame imaging of sub-nanosecond events. The number and temporal delay of frames can be easily adjusted by adjusting the distance and angle between beam-splitters. These capabilities are demonstrated by observing the laser ablation process, highlighting the great potential for application in capturing ultrafast time-evolving events such as optical breakdown, the evolution of laser-produced plasmas, and the propagation of shock waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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2
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Mayes DC, Mancini RC, Lockard TE, Hall IM, Bailey JE, Loisel GP, Nagayama T, Rochau GA, Liedahl DA. Observation of ionization trends in a laboratory photoionized plasma experiment at Z. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:035202. [PMID: 34654098 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.035202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report experimental and modeling results for the charge state distribution of laboratory photoionized neon plasmas in the first systematic study over nearly an order of magnitude range of ionization parameter ξ∝F/N_{e}. The range of ξ is achieved by flexibility in the experimental platform to adjust either the x-ray drive flux F at the sample or the electron number density N_{e} or both. Experimental measurements of photoionized plasma conditions over such a range of parameters enable a stringent test of atomic kinetics models used within codes that are applied to photoionized plasmas in the laboratory and astrophysics. From experimental transmission data, ion areal densities are extracted by spectroscopic analysis that is independent of atomic kinetics modeling. The measurements reveal the net result of the competition between photon-driven ionization and electron-driven recombination atomic processes as a function of ξ as it affects the charge state distribution. Results from radiation-hydrodynamics modeling calculations with detailed inline atomic kinetics modeling are compared with the experimental results. There is good agreement in the mean charge and overall qualitative similarities in the trends observed with ξ but significant quantitative differences in the fractional populations of individual ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Mayes
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - T E Lockard
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - I M Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - J E Bailey
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G P Loisel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G A Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D A Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Rose SJ, Hatfield PW, Scott RHH. Modelling burning thermonuclear plasma. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20200014. [PMID: 33040653 PMCID: PMC7658754 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress towards the achievement of thermonuclear burn using inertial confinement fusion has been achieved at the National Ignition Facility in the USA in the last few years. Other drivers, such as the Z-machine at Sandia, are also making progress towards this goal. A burning thermonuclear plasma would provide a unique and extreme plasma environment; in this paper we discuss (a) different theoretical challenges involved in modelling burning plasmas not currently considered, (b) the use of novel machine learning-based methods that might help large facilities reach ignition, and (c) the connections that a burning plasma might have to fundamental physics, including quantum electrodynamics studies, and the replication and exploration of conditions that last occurred in the first few minutes after the Big Bang. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Rose
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P. W. Hatfield
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R. H. H. Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
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4
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Mancini RC, Lockard TE, Mayes DC, Hall IM, Loisel GP, Bailey JE, Rochau GA, Abdallah J, Golovkin IE, Liedahl D. X-ray heating and electron temperature of laboratory photoionized plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:051201. [PMID: 32575250 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the experimental and modeling results for the x-ray heating and temperature of laboratory photoionized plasmas. A method is used to extract the electron temperature based on the analysis of transmission spectroscopy data that is independent of atomic kinetics modeling. The results emphasized the critical role of x-ray heating and radiation cooling in determining the energy balance of the plasma. They also demonstrated the dramatic impact of photoexcitation on excited-state populations, line emissivity, and radiation cooling. Modeling calculations performed with astrophysical codes significantly overestimated the measured temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - T E Lockard
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - D C Mayes
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - I M Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - G P Loisel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J E Bailey
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G A Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Abdallah
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - I E Golovkin
- Prism Computational Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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5
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White S, Irwin R, Warwick JR, Gribakin GF, Sarri G, Keenan FP, Riley D, Rose SJ, Hill EG, Ferland GJ, Han B, Wang F, Zhao G. Production of photoionized plasmas in the laboratory with x-ray line radiation. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063203. [PMID: 30011508 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the experimental implementation of a theoretically proposed technique for creating a photoionized plasma in the laboratory using x-ray line radiation. Using a Sn laser plasma to irradiate an Ar gas target, the photoionization parameter, ξ=4πF/N_{e}, reached values of order 50ergcms^{-1}, where F is the radiation flux in ergcm^{-2}s^{-1}. The significance of this is that this technique allows us to mimic effective spectral radiation temperatures in excess of 1 keV. We show that our plasma starts to be collisionally dominated before the peak of the x-ray drive. However, the technique is extendable to higher-energy laser systems to create plasmas with parameters relevant to benchmarking codes used to model astrophysical objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S White
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Irwin
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J R Warwick
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G F Gribakin
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Sarri
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F P Keenan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Riley
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rose
- Plasma Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E G Hill
- Plasma Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G J Ferland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - B Han
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - F Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
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Loisel GP, Bailey JE, Liedahl DA, Fontes CJ, Kallman TR, Nagayama T, Hansen SB, Rochau GA, Mancini RC, Lee RW. Benchmark Experiment for Photoionized Plasma Emission from Accretion-Powered X-Ray Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:075001. [PMID: 28949679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of x-ray spectra emerging from x-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei accreted plasmas relies on complex physical models for radiation generation and transport in photoionized plasmas. These models have not been sufficiently experimentally validated. We have developed a highly reproducible benchmark experiment to study spectrum formation from a photoionized silicon plasma in a regime comparable to astrophysical plasmas. Ionization predictions are higher than inferred from measured absorption spectra. Self-emission measured at adjustable column densities tests radiation transport effects, demonstrating that the resonant Auger destruction assumption used to interpret black hole accretion spectra is inaccurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Loisel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J E Bailey
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D A Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C J Fontes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Kallman
- Goddard Space Flight Center NASA, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G A Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R C Mancini
- University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - R W Lee
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Zhong J, Li Y, Wang X, Wang J, Dong Q, Liu X, Lin X, Yuan D, Du F, Wang S, Zhang L, An L, Xiao C, Wei H, Zhang K, Wang F, Jiang S, Ding Y, Cao Z, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhu J, He X, Cai H, Zhao G, Zhang J. Table-top solar flares produced with laser driven magnetic reconnections. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135901010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Savin DW, Brickhouse NS, Cowan JJ, Drake RP, Federman SR, Ferland GJ, Frank A, Gudipati MS, Haxton WC, Herbst E, Profumo S, Salama F, Ziurys LM, Zweibel EG. The impact of recent advances in laboratory astrophysics on our understanding of the cosmos. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:036901. [PMID: 22790424 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/3/036901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An emerging theme in modern astrophysics is the connection between astronomical observations and the underlying physical phenomena that drive our cosmos. Both the mechanisms responsible for the observed astrophysical phenomena and the tools used to probe such phenomena-the radiation and particle spectra we observe-have their roots in atomic, molecular, condensed matter, plasma, nuclear and particle physics. Chemistry is implicitly included in both molecular and condensed matter physics. This connection is the theme of the present report, which provides a broad, though non-exhaustive, overview of progress in our understanding of the cosmos resulting from recent theoretical and experimental advances in what is commonly called laboratory astrophysics. This work, carried out by a diverse community of laboratory astrophysicists, is increasingly important as astrophysics transitions into an era of precise measurement and high fidelity modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Savin
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Simon MC, López-Urrutia JRC, Beilmann C, Schwarz M, Harman Z, Epp SW, Schmitt BL, Baumann TM, Behar E, Bernitt S, Follath R, Ginzel R, Keitel CH, Klawitter R, Kubiček K, Mäckel V, Mokler PH, Reichardt G, Schwarzkopf O, Ullrich J. Resonant and near-threshold photoionization cross sections of Fe14+. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:183001. [PMID: 21231102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoionization (PI) of Fe14+ in the range from 450 to 1100 eV was measured at the BESSY II storage ring using an electron beam ion trap achieving high target-ion area densities of 10(10) cm(-2). Photoabsorption by this ion is observed in astrophysical spectra and plasmas, but until now cross sections and resonance energies could only be provided by calculations. We reach a resolving power E/ΔE of at least 6500, outstanding in the present energy range, which enables benchmarking and improving the most advanced theories for PI of ions in high charge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Faussurier G, More RM, Blancard C, Kato T. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of highly charged ion plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:016407. [PMID: 16486288 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.016407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamics of irreversible processes is applied to study the interaction of matter and radiation field in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium. The rate of entropy production of matter and radiation field, in contact with a free electron reservoir in local thermodynamic equilibrium, is obtained using the conjugate variables of the state variables. When approximating the electronic configuration populations by an effective Boltzmann law, the corresponding effective temperature is determined by minimizing the rate of entropy production at fixed electronic density, electronic temperature, and radiation field. Numerical results and comparisons with recent experiment for photoionized iron plasma are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Faussurier
- Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, B.P. 12-F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France.
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11
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Jin F, Yuan J. Detailed diagnostics for a hot bromine plasma by the open M-shell opacity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:016404. [PMID: 16090096 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.016404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The experimental transmission spectrum of a hot bromine plasma [J. E. Bailey, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 81, 31 (2003)] has been simulated by using a detailed level accounting model (DLA). With assumption of the local thermodynamic equilibrium, the major absorption lines of the experimental spectrum are well reproduced by the present DLA calculation, and the details of the absorption line shapes are used to determine the temperature of the plasma. In contrast to the results of two former statistical models, where the temperature was determined via a global fitting to the experimental data, the present DLA diagnoses the plasma temperature by the line ratios of different charge states in the 2p-->3d transition groups resulting in a temperature of 37 eV . It is shown that a change of 1 eV in temperature could cause perceptible changes in the simulated spectrum. It is also shown that the 2 p1/2 -->3 d3/2 absorptions have been overestimated by the statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Jin
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
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Cuneo ME, Sinars DB, Bliss DE, Waisman EM, Porter JL, Stygar WA, Lebedev SV, Chittenden JP, Sarkisov GS, Afeyan BB. Direct experimental evidence for current-transfer mode operation of nested tungsten wire arrays at 16-19 MA. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:225003. [PMID: 16090406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.225003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nested tungsten wire arrays (20-mm on 12-mm diam.) are shown for the first time to operate in a current-transfer mode at 16-19 MA, even for azimuthal interwire gaps of 0.2 mm that are the smallest typically used for any array experiment. After current transfer, the inner wire array shows discrete wire ablation and implosion characteristics identical to that of a single array, such as axially nonuniform ablation, delayed acceleration, and trailing mass and current. The presence of trailing mass from the outer and the inner arrays may play a role in determining nested array performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1193, USA
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