1
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Li H, Zhao X, Ren X, Wei D, Zhang S, Wang H, Zuo ZW, Li L, Yu X. Energetic and Kinetic Competition on the Stability of Pd 13 Clusters: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39159008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Material stability is the focus on both experiments and calculations, which includes the energetic stability at the static state and the thermodynamic stability at the kinetic state. To show whether energetics or kinetics dominates on material stability, this study focuses on the Pd13 clusters, because of their observable magnetic moment in experiment. Energetically, the CALYPSO searching method and first-principles calculations find that Pd13(C2) is the ground state at 0 K while the static frequency calculations demonstrate that the icosahedron Pd13(Ih) becomes more favorable on free energy as temperature increases. However, their magnetic moments (8 μB) are not in agreement with the experimental value (<5.2 μB). Kinetically, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Pd13(C3v) (6 μB) has supreme isomerization temperature and the other 11 low-lying isomers transform to Pd13(C3v) directly or indirectly, demonstrating that Pd13(C3v) has the maximum probability to be observed in experiment. The magnetic moment difference between experiment (<5.2 μB) and this calculation (6 μB) may be due to the spin multiplicities. Our result suggests that the magnetic moment disparity between theory and experiment (in Pd13 clusters) originates from the kinetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xingju Zhao
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zuo
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Liben Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
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2
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Guevara-Vela JM, Gallegos M, Rocha-Rinza T, Muñoz-Castro Á, Kessler PLR, Martín Pendás Á. New global minimum conformers for the Pt 19 and Pt 20 clusters: low symmetric species featuring different active sites. J Mol Model 2024; 30:310. [PMID: 39153076 PMCID: PMC11330413 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The study of platinum (Pt) clusters and nanoparticles is essential due to their extensive range of potential technological applications, particularly in catalysis. The electronic properties that yield optimal catalytic performance at the nanoscale are significantly influenced by the size and structure of Pt clusters. This research aimed to identify the lowest-energy conformers for Pt18 , Pt19 , and Pt20 species using Density Functional Theory (DFT). We discovered new low-symmetry conformers for Pt19 and Pt20 , which are 3.0 and 1.0 kcal/mol more stable, respectively, than previously reported structures. Our study highlights the importance of using density functional approximations that incorporate moderate levels of exact Hartree-Fock exchange, alongside basis sets of at least quadruple-zeta quality. The resulting structures are asymmetric with varying active sites, as evidenced by sigma hole analysis on the electrostatic potential surface. This suggests a potential correlation between electronic structure and catalytic properties, warranting further investigation. METHODS An equivariant graph neural network interatomic potential (NequIP) within the Atomic Simulation Environment suite (ASE) was used to provide initial geometries of the aggregates under study. DFT calculations were performed with the ORCA 5 package, using functional approximations that included Generalized Gradient Approximation (PBE), meta-GGA (TPSS, M06-L), hybrid (PBE0, PBEh), meta-GGA hybrid (TPSSh), and range-separated hybrid ( ω B97x) functionals. Def2-TZVP and Def2-QZVP as well as members of the cc-pwCVXZ-PP family to check basis set convergence were used. QTAIM calculations were performed using the AIMAll suite. Structures were visualized with the AVOGADRO code.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Guevara-Vela
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain
| | - Tomás Rocha-Rinza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, RM, Chile
| | - Peter L Rodríguez Kessler
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León, 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
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3
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Datta S, Ghosh A, Saha-Dasgupta T. First principles insights into the relative stability, electronic and catalytic properties of core-shell, Janus and mixed structural patterns for bimetallic Pd-X nano-alloys (X = Co, Ni, Cu, Rh, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4667-4679. [PMID: 36723207 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The three well-known orderings of the two constituting atomic species in a bimetallic nano-alloy - core-shell, Janus and mixed structural patterns - may be interconvertible depending on the synthesis conditions. Using first principles electronic structure calculations in the present work, we look for the microscopic origin for such structural transformation considering eight Pd-related bimetallic nano-alloys. Our analysis shows that it is the change in atom-atom covalency that is responsible for such structural transformation. Our study also reveals that the three patterns are distinctly identified in terms of total orbital hybridization. Finally, we have analyzed the trend in the relative catalytic activity for the three structures of each bimetallic nano-alloy using the d-band model. Our analysis indicates that the trend in the catalytic activity for the bimetallic Pd-X nano-alloys seems to be intermediate to those of the pristine Pd and Pt nano-clusters possessing similar structure and equal number of total atoms. Among the studied binary nano-alloys, the bimetallic Pd-Ni nano-alloy appears as the most suitable binary pair to develop a non-Pt catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Datta
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
| | - Aishwaryo Ghosh
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
| | - Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
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4
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Arunachalam B, Manavalan R, Gopalakrishnan N. Effects of multi-atom doping into Pt13 cluster using Ab initio method. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Sumer A, Jellinek J. Computational Studies of Structural, Energetic and Electronic Properties of Pure Pt and Mo and Mixed Pt/Mo Clusters: Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Trends. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The added technological potential of bimetallic clusters and nanoparticles, as compared to their pure counterparts, stems from the ability to further fine-tune their properties, and, consequently, functionalities, through a simultaneous use of the "knobs" of size and composition. The practical realization of this potential can be greatly advanced by the knowledge of the correlations and relationships between the various characteristics of bimetallic nanosystems and those of their pure counterparts and constituent components. Here we present results of a density functional theory study of pure Ptn and Mon clusters aimed at revisiting and exploring further their structural, electronic and energetic properties. These are then used as a basis for analysis and characterization of the results of calculations on two-component Ptn-mMom clusters. The analysis also includes establishing relationships between the properties of the Ptn-mMom clusters and those of their Ptn-m and Mom components. A particularly intriguing findings suggested by the calculations is a linear dependence of the average binding energy per atom in sets of Ptn-mMom clusters that have the same fixed number m of Mo atoms and different number n-m of Pt atoms on the fractional content (n-m)/n of Pt atoms. We derive an analytical model that establishes the fundamental basis for this linearity and expresses its parameters - the m-dependent slope and intercept - in terms of characteristic properties of the constituent components, such as the average binding energy per atom of Mom and the average per-atom adsorption energy of the Pt atoms on Mom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julius Jellinek
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, United States of America
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6
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Yin YH, Chen J. The structures and properties of Mo (n = 2 ∼15) cluster. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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DFT Investigations of Au n Nano-Clusters Supported on TiO 2 Nanotubes: Structures and Electronic Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092756. [PMID: 35566107 PMCID: PMC9100182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2NTs) are beneficial for photogenerated electron separation in photocatalysis. In order to improve the utilization rate of TiO2NTs in the visible light region, an effective method is to use Aun cluster deposition-modified TiO2NTs. It is of great significance to investigate the mechanism of Aun clusters supported on TiO2NTs to strengthen its visible-light response. In this work, the structures, electronic properties, Mulliken atomic charge, density of states, band structure, and deformation density of Aun (n = 1, 8, 13) clusters supported on TiO2NTs were investigated by DMOL3. Based on published research results, the most stable adsorption configurations of Aun (n = 1, 8, 13) clusters supported with TiO2NTs were obtained. The adsorption energy increased as the number of Au adatoms increased linearly. The Aun clusters supported on TiO2NTs carry a negative charge. The band gaps of the three most stable structures of each adsorption system decreased compared to TiO2NTs; the valence top and the conduction bottom of the Fermi level come mainly from the contribution of 5d and 6s-Au. The electronic properties of the 5d and 6s impurity orbitals cause valence widening and band gap narrowing.
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8
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Gong ZY, Sun ZQ, Ding YW, Zhang S, Lv ZL, Wang XF, Li LB, Li HS. Reduction of dimerization tendency due to the decrease in
hybridization index by inclusion of 4s and 4p semicore states as valence states
in Mon (n = 2 − 18)
clusters: A first-principles study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-ye Gong
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yan-wen Ding
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhen-long Lv
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiao-fei Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Li-ben Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Hai-sheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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9
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Alanís-Manzano EI, Ramírez-Solís A. On the structure of the lowest spin states of Li13+. Hybrid DFT vs. benchmark CASSCF-CASPT2 studies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Li HS, Wei D, Zhao X, Ren X, Zhang D, Ju W. Thermal Stability of Ag 13- Clusters Studied by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4325-4332. [PMID: 32390419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the geometric structures of silver clusters is of great importance in future nanotechnologies due to their superior properties. Nevertheless, some ground-state structures are still in academic debate, partly because the experiments and theoretical calculations are not performed at the same temperatures. For example, silver clusters usually have compact configurations. However, a combined experimental and theoretical study proposed that the most stable structure of Ag13- had a two-coordinated atom. By using the CALYPSO approach for the global minima search followed by first-principles calculations, we discovered that a more compact trilayer Ag13- cluster was the ground state, in accordance with another three works published recently. In addition, its O2 adsorption structure is also energetically favored. By tracing characteristic bond changes in ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we confirmed that, compared with other isomers, this trilayer structure and its O2 adsorption structure also had the highest thermal stability. This work emphasized the thermal stability concept in theoretical calculations, which may be a necessary supplement to explain the experimental observations on cluster science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingju Zhao
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
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11
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Farkaš B, de Leeuw NH. Towards a morphology of cobalt nanoparticles: size and strain effects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195711. [PMID: 32096483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6fe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt nanoparticles with diameters of 8 nm have recently shown promising performance for biomedical applications. However, it is still unclear how the shape of cobalt clusters changes with size when reaching the nanoparticle range. In the present work, density functional theory calculations have been employed to compare the stabilities of two non-crystalline (icosahedron and decahedron) shapes, and three crystalline motifs (hcp, fcc, and bcc) for magic numbered cobalt clusters with up to 1500 atoms, based on the changes in the cohesive energies, coordination numbers, and nearest-neighbour distances arising from varying geometries. Obtained trends were extrapolated to a 104 size range, and an icosahedral shape was predicted for clusters up to 5500 atoms. Larger sized clusters adopt hcp stacking, in correspondence with the bulk phase. To explain the crystalline/non-crystalline crossovers, the contributions of the elastic strain density and twin boundary from the specimen surfaces to the cohesive energy of different motifs were evaluated. These results are expected to aid the design and synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles for applications ranging from catalysis to biomedical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farkaš
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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12
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Jindal S, Bulusu SS. Structural evolution in gold nanoparticles using artificial neural network based interatomic potentials. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154302. [PMID: 32321271 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jindal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Satya S. Bulusu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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13
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Salaeh R, Faungnawakij K, Kungwan N, Hirunsit P. The Role of Metal Species on Aldehyde Hydrogenation over Co
13
and Ni
13
Supported on γ‐Al
2
O
3
(110) Surfaces: A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rusrina Salaeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Graduate SchoolChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Graduate SchoolChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and TechnologyChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Pussana Hirunsit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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14
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Batsaikhan E, Lee CH, Hsu H, Wu CM, Peng JC, Ma MH, Deleg S, Li WH. Largely Enhanced Ferromagnetism in Bare CuO Nanoparticles by a Small Size Effect. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3849-3856. [PMID: 32149211 PMCID: PMC7057320 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of fully oxygenated bare CuO nanoparticles have been investigated using magnetization, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and Raman scattering measurements. The Langevin field profile is clearly revealed in the isothermal magnetization of 8.8 nm CuO nanoparticle assembly even at 300 K, revealing a 172 times enhancement of the ferromagnetic responses over that of bulk CuO. Surface magnetization of 8.8 nm CuO reaches 18% of the core magnetization. The Cu spins in 8.8 nm CuO order below 400 K, which is 1.7 times higher than the 231 K observed in bulk CuO. A relatively simple magnetic structure that may be indexed using a modulation vector of (0.2, 0, 0.2) was found for the 8.8 nm CuO, but no magnetic incommensurability was observed in bulk CuO. The Cu spins in 8.8 nm CuO form spin density waves with length scales of 5 chemical unit cells long along the crystallographic a- and c-axis directions. Considerable amounts of electronic charge shift from around the Cu lattice sites toward the interconnecting regions of two neighboring Cu-Cu ions, resulting in a stronger ferromagnetic direct exchange interaction for the neighboring Cu spins in 8.8 nm CuO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdembayalag Batsaikhan
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
- Institute
of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy
of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - Chi-Hung Lee
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsu
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Wu
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chih Peng
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ma-Hsuan Ma
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sangaa Deleg
- Institute
of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy
of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - Wen-Hsien Li
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
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15
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Influences of MgO(001) and TiO2(101) Supports on the Structures and Properties of Au Nanoclusters. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unique structures, photoelectric properties, good catalytic activity, and broad potential applications, gold nanoclusters (Au n ) received extensive attention in catalysis, bioengineering, environmental engineering, and so on. In the present work, the structures and properties of Au n adsorbed on the MgO(001) and TiO 2 (101) surfaces were investigated by density functional theory. The results showed that the catalytic properties of Au n will be enhanced when Au n is adsorbed on certain supports. Because the difference of the outer electronic structure of metals in supports, the direction of the charge transfer was different, thus inducing the different charge distribution on Au n . When Au n was adsorbed on MgO(001) [TiO 2 (101)] surface, Au n will have negative [positive] charges and thus higher catalytic activity in oxidation [reduction] reaction. The variation of surface charges caused by the support makes Au n possess different catalytic activity in different systems. Moreover, the electronic structure of the support will make an obvious influence on the s and d density of states of Au n , which should be the intrinsic reason that induces the variations of its structure and properties. These results should be an important theoretical reference for designing Au n as the photocatalyst applied to the different oxidation and reduction reactions.
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16
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Gilmour JTA, Gaston N. On the involvement of d-electrons in superatomic shells: the group 3 and 4 transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8035-8045. [PMID: 30932111 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The geometries and electronic structures of small M7C (M = Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf; C = 0, ±1, ±2) clusters have been calculated at a range of multiplicities at each cluster charge, using density functional theory methods. These clusters conform to the existing superatom model, with some contextual differences. There are a range of states which are populated by the outermost s and d-electrons of the constituent atoms, with an irregular Aufbau rule for the states formed from the atomic d-electrons. The states comprised of d-electrons present themselves as two states of P-symmetry and two states of F-symmetry, which are nearly degenerate, followed by states of D-symmetry, a shell ordering which arises due to the symmetry, and favourable overlap, of the contributing states. The effect of exact exchange in modulating the localisation of these states is also discussed. In addition, this study shows pseudo-superatomic states which arise due to the 5-fold symmetry of the clusters, materialising as either a ring or plane of electron density. In summary, these observations allow for an expansion of the role that early transition metals have within the existing superatom framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T A Gilmour
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - N Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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17
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Pande S, Gong X, Wang LS, Zeng XC. Au 60-: The Smallest Gold Cluster with the High-Symmetry Icosahedral Core Au 13. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1820-1827. [PMID: 30925053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among coinage metal nanoclusters with 55 atoms, only Ag55- and Cu55- are the geometric magic-number clusters, as both exhibit icosahedral symmetry. Au55-, however, exhibits much lower symmetry due largely to the strong relativistic bonding effect. In this study, we collect a much larger population (>10,000 isomers) of low-energy isomers of Au55- to Au60- by using the combined density-functional theory and basin-hopping global optimization method. We also include the spin-orbit effect in the density-functional theory computation to achieve simulated photoelectron spectra in quantitative fashion. Remarkably, we uncover that the Au13 core with the highest icosahedral ( Ih) symmetry emerges at the size of Au60-. Stability analysis suggests that Au57- with 58 valence electrons, an electronic magic number, is the relatively more stable cluster in the size range considered. Overall, in this size range we reveal a compromise between the trend toward having a perfect icosahedral 13-atom core and the strong relativistic bonding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Pande
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Xingao Gong
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
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18
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Baletto F. Structural properties of sub-nanometer metallic clusters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:113001. [PMID: 30562724 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At the nanoscale, the investigation of structural features becomes fundamental as we can establish relationships between cluster geometries and their physicochemical properties. The peculiarity lies in the variety of shapes often unusual and far from any geometrical and crystallographic intuition clusters can assume. In this respect, we should treat and consider nanoparticles as a new form of matter. Nanoparticle structures depend on their size, chemical composition, ordering, as well as external conditions e.g. synthesis method, pressure, temperature, support. On top of that, at finite temperatures nanoparticles can fluctuate among different structures, opening new and exciting horizons for the design of optimal nanoparticles for advanced applications. This article aims to overview geometrical features of transition metal clusters and of their various rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baletto
- Physics Department, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Bakker JM, Jalink J, Dieleman D, Kirilyuk A. Structural determination of neutral Co n clusters (n = 4-10,13) through IR-UV two-color vibrational spectroscopy and DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:494003. [PMID: 30451159 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaebf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We recorded IR spectra for neutral cobalt clusters via two-color IR-UV ionization, using the Free Electron Laser for intracavity experiments (FELICE). Well-resolved IR spectra are presented for [Formula: see text] (n = 4-10, 13) and analyzed with the help of Density Functional Theory calculations using two different correlation exchange functionals: the revisited Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria (revTPSS) and the frequently used Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approaches. Although we have not performed an extensive structure search, we tentatively assign the spectra for all cluster sizes except for n = 7, and n = 10. We find that neither of the two functionals chosen clearly outperforms the other in predicting IR spectra, and that relatively low scaling factors of 0.82 (PBE) and 0.8 (revTPSS) are required. In contrast to the magnetic moments, the calculated electric dipole moments fluctuate strongly as a function of cluster size and could therefore be used as an indirect probe to the cluster structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Ferrari P, Hansen K, Lievens P, Janssens E. Stability of small cationic platinum clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29085-29090. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative stability of small cationic platinum clusters is investigated by photofragmentation experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics
- Tianjin University
- 300072 Tianjin
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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21
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Rawal TB, Le D, Rahman TS. MoS 2-supported gold nanoparticle for CO hydrogenation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:415201. [PMID: 28758898 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Employing dispersion-corrected density functional theory, we examine the geometry, electronic structure, and reactivity of 13-atom Au nanoparticle supported on defect-laden single-layer MoS2. The planar structure of Au13 favored in isolated phase, transforms into the three-dimensional structure when supported on MoS2. We find that charge is transferred from MoS2 to Au13, and that the electron density is also distributed away from the Au13/MoS2 interfacial region-making Au sites away from the interface catalytically active. Owing to effect of the support, the Au d states become narrower, and the frontier states appear close to the Fermi level. Consequently, in contrast to the reactivity of Au13/TiO2 toward methanol decomposition, Au13/MoS2 offers excellent activity toward methanol synthesis, as demonstrated here, via CO hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takat B Rawal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
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22
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Chaves AS, Piotrowski MJ, Da Silva JLF. Evolution of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of the 3d, 4d, and 5d transition-metal clusters (30 TMn systems for n = 2–15): a density functional theory investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15484-15502. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Subnanometric transition-metal (TM) clusters have attracted great attention due to their unexpected physical and chemical properties, leastwise compared to their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S. Chaves
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics
- University of Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry
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23
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Xie X, Sun J, Cao B, Duan H. Geometrical and electronic structures of small Co–Mo nanoclusters. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometries, energetics and electronic structures of Co13, Mo13, Co12Mo and Mo12Co clusters are systematically investigated by using the first principles method combined with a genetic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Xie
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- People's Republic of China
| | - Biaobing Cao
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Duan
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- People's Republic of China
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24
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Wei GF, Liu ZP. Subnano Pt Particles from a First-Principles Stochastic Surface Walking Global Search. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4698-706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Feng Wei
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of
Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of
Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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Zhao XJ, Xue XL, Guo ZX, Li SF. Relative edge energy in the stability of transition metal nanoclusters of different motifs. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12834-12842. [PMID: 27296770 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a structure is reduced to a nanometer scale, the proportion of the edge atoms increases significantly, which can play a crucial role in determining both their geometric and electronic properties, as demonstrated by the recently established generalized Wulff construction principle [S. F. Li, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2013, 111, 115501]. Consequently, it is of great interest to clarify quantitatively the role of the edge atoms that dominate the motifs of these nanostructures. In principle, establishing an effective method valid for determining the absolute value of the surface energy and particularly the edge energy for a given nanostructure is expected to resolve such a problem. However, hitherto, it is difficult to obtain the absolute edge energy of transition metal clusters, particularly when their sizes approach the nanometer regime. In this paper, taking Ru nanoclusters as a prototypical example, our first-principles calculations introduce the concept of relative edge energy (REE), reflecting the net edge atom effect over the surface (facet) atom effect, which is fairly powerful to quasi-quantitatively estimate the critical size at which the crossover occurs between different configurations of a given motif, such as from an icosahedron to an fcc nanocrystal. By contrast, the bulk effect should be re-considered to rationalize the power of the REE in predicting the relative stability of larger nanostructures between different motifs, such as fcc-like and hcp-like nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhao
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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26
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Atomic carbon growth on yttrium clusters: Relativistic density functional theory investigations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Xing X, Hermann A, Kuang X, Ju M, Lu C, Jin Y, Xia X, Maroulis G. Insights into the geometries, electronic and magnetic properties of neutral and charged palladium clusters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19656. [PMID: 26794267 PMCID: PMC4726383 DOI: 10.1038/srep19656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an unbiased structure search for low-lying energetic minima of neutral and charged palladium PdnQ (n = 2–20, Q = 0, + 1 and –1) clusters using CALYPSO method in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The main candidates for the lowest energy neutral, cationic and anionic clusters are identified, and several new candidate structures for the cationic and anionic ground states are obtained. It is found that the ground state structures of small palladium clusters are more sensitive to the charge states. For the medium size Pdn0/+/– (n = 16–20) clusters, a fcc-like growth behavior is found. The structural transition from bilayer-like structures to cage-like structures is likely to occur at n = 14 for the neutral and cationic clusters. In contrast, for the anionic counterparts, the structural transition occurs at Pd13–. The photoelectron spectra (PES) of palladium clusters are simulated based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method and compared with the experimental data. The good agreement between the experimental PES and simulated spectra provides us unequivocal structural information to fully solve the global minimum structures, allowing for new molecular insights into the chemical interactions in the Pd cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xing
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Meng Ju
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - George Maroulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
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28
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Zhao XJ, Xue XL, Guo ZX, Jia Y, Li SF, Zhang Z, Gao YF. Intriguing structures and magic sizes of heavy noble metal nanoclusters around size 55 governed by relativistic effect and covalent bonding. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:174302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4934798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X. J. Zhao
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - X. L. Xue
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Z. X. Guo
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Jia
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - S. F. Li
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- ICQD, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- ICQD, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y. F. Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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29
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Alonso-Lanza T, Ayuela A, Aguilera-Granja F. Chemical Bonding of Transition-Metal Co13Clusters with Graphene. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3700-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Alonso-Lanza
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC); Departamento de Física de Materiales; Fac. de Químicas; UPV-EHU; 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Andrés Ayuela
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC); Departamento de Física de Materiales; Fac. de Químicas; UPV-EHU; 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Faustino Aguilera-Granja
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC); Departamento de Física de Materiales; Fac. de Químicas; UPV-EHU; 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- Instituto de Física; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis de Potosí; 78000 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
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30
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Development of Ferromagnetic Superspins in Bare Cu Nanoparticles by Electronic Charge Redistribution. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23165-76. [PMID: 26404237 PMCID: PMC4632691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the results of investigating the ferromagnetic properties of bare Cu nanoparticles. Three sets of bare Cu nanoparticle assemblies with mean particle diameters of 6.6, 8.1, and 11.1 nm were fabricated, employing the gas condensation method. Curie-Weiss paramagnetic responses to a weak driving magnetic field were detected, showing the appearance of particle superspins that overcomes the diamagnetic responses from the inner core. The isothermal magnetization displays a Langevin field profile together with magnetic hysteresis appearing even at 300 K, demonstrating the existence of ferromagnetic superspins in the Cu nanoparticles. Shifting of a noticeable amount of electronic charge from being distributed near the lattice sites in bulk form toward their neighboring ions in nanoparticles was found. The extended 3d and 4s band mixture are the main sources for the development of localized 3d holes for the development of ferromagnetic particle superspins in Cu nanoparticles.
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31
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Priest C, Tang Q, Jiang DE. Structural Evolution of Tcn (n = 4–20) Clusters from First-Principles Global Minimization. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Priest
- Department of Chemistry, University California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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32
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Yarzhemsky VG, Parshakov AS, Kochubei DI, Izotov AD, Il’in EG. Calculation of the structure of new inorganic fullerenes—Mo13Cl24(C2H x )2 clusters. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500815050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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34
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Šipr O, Ebert H, Minár J. Trends in magnetism of free Rh clusters via relativistic ab-initio calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:056004. [PMID: 25604525 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully relativistic ab-initio study on free Rh clusters of 13-135 atoms is performed to identify general trends concerning their magnetism and to check whether concepts which proved to be useful in interpreting magnetism of 3d metals are applicable to magnetism of 4d systems. We found that there is no systematic relation between local magnetic moments and coordination numbers. On the other hand, the Stoner model appears well-suited both as a criterion for the onset of magnetism and as a guide for the dependence of local magnetic moments on the site-resolved density of states at the Fermi level. Large orbital magnetic moments antiparallel to spin magnetic moments were found for some sites. The intra-atomic magnetic dipole Tz term can be quite large at certain sites but as a whole it is unlikely to affect the interpretation of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments based on the sum rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Šipr
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-162 53 Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Yang G, Cui W, Zhu X, Yue R. An insight into the structures, stabilities, and bond character of B(n)Pt (n=1∼6) clusters. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2482. [PMID: 25316344 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We perform a systematical investigation on the geometry, thermodynamic/kinetic stability, and bonding nature of low-lying isomers of BnPt (n=1-6) at the CCSD(T)/[6-311+G(d)/LanL2DZ]//B3LYP/[6-311+G(d)/LanL2DZ] level. The most stable isomers of BnPt (n=1-6) adopt planar or quasi-planar structure. BnPt (n=2-5) clusters can be generated by capping a Pt atom on the B-B edge of pure boron clusters. However, For B6Pt with non-planar structure, a single doped Pt atom significantly affects the shape of the host boron cluster. The dopant of the Pt atom can improve the stability of pure boron clusters. The valence molecular orbital (VMO), electron localization function (ELF), and Mayer bond order (MBO) are applied to gain insight into the bonding nature of BnPt (n=2-6) isomers. The aromaticity for some isomers of BnPt (n=2-6) is analyzed and discussed in terms of VMO, ELF, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) analyses. Results obtained from the energy and cluster decomposition analyses demonstrate that B2Pt and B4Pt exhibits as highly stable. Importantly, some isomers of BnPt (n=2-5) are stable both thermodynamically and kinetically, which are observable in future experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, China
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36
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Mora MA, Mora-Ramirez MA. Structural and electronic study of neutral, positive, and negative small rhodium clusters [Rh(n), Rh(n)(+), Rh(n)(-) ; n = 10-13]. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2299. [PMID: 24944092 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a systematic study for the determination of the structure and the fundamental state of neutral and ionic small rhodium clusters [Rhn, Rhn(+), Rhn(-); n = 10-13] using ab initio Hartree-Fock methods with a LANL2DZ basis set. A range of spin multiplicities is investigated for each cluster. We present the bond lengths, angles, and geometric configuration adopted by the clusters in its minimum energy conformation showing the differences when the clusters have different number of unpaired electrons. Also we report the vertical ionization potential and the adiabatic one calculated by the Koopmans' theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mora
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, campus Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, México, 09340, D. F, México,
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37
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Bunău O, Bartolomé J, Bartolomé F, Garcia LM. Large orbital magnetic moment in Pt₁₃ clusters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:196006. [PMID: 24883454 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/19/196006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an extensive study of Pt₁₃ clusters embedded in a Na-Y zeolite, by comparing calculations for isolated clusters to experimental data. We perform structural refinements for various geometries involving the isolated clusters and calculate the corresponding x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra, from the joint perspective of pseudopotential plane wave calculations and real space multiple scattering theory. Taking into account the spin-orbit coupling significantly improves the previous scalar relativistic predictions of magnetic properties. The ensemble of embedded Pt₁₃ is found to be dominated by a non-magnetic cuboctahedral geometry. One of the implications is that the ground state of Pt₁₃ clusters in the zeolite environment is different from that of isolated particles. We investigate several isomers that yield a magnetic signature. Furthermore, their abundance was estimated by direct comparison with experiment. We found that one third of the magnetic moment of Pt₁₃ comes from the orbital contribution, in agreement with the experimental value. We therefore provide theoretical proof of the extraordinary orbital magnetization in Pt13 clusters.
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38
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Biring SK, Sharma R, Chaudhury P. A new adaptive mutation simulated annealing algorithm: application to the study of pure and mixed Pt–Pd clusters. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 52:368-397. [DOI: 10.1007/s10910-013-0268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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39
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Il’in EG, Yarzhemsky VG, Parshakov AS, Kryzhovets OS. Quantum-chemical calculations of molybdenum chloride clusters Mo13C24, Mo13Cl26, and Mo13Cl30. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023613120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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How relevant is the choice of classical potentials in finding minimal energy cluster conformations? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Li SF, Zhao XJ, Xu XS, Gao YF, Zhang Z. Stacking principle and magic sizes of transition metal nanoclusters based on generalized Wulff construction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:115501. [PMID: 24074104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoclusters with extra stability at certain cluster sizes are known as magic clusters with exotic properties. The classic Wulff construction principle, which stipulates that the preferred structure of a cluster should minimize its total surface energy, is often invoked in determining the cluster magicity, resulting in close-shelled Mackay icosahedronal clusters with odd-numbered magic sizes of 13, 55, 147, etc. Here we use transition metal clusters around size 55 as prototypical examples to demonstrate that, in the nanometer regime, the classic Wulff construction principle needs to be generalized to primarily emphasize the edge atom effect instead of the surface energy. Specifically, our detailed calculations show that nanoclusters with much shorter total edge lengths but substantially enlarged total surface areas are energetically much more stable. As a consequence, a large majority of the nanoclusters within the 3d-, 4d-, and 5d-transition metal series are found to be fcc or hcp crystal fragments with much lower edge energies, and the widely perceived magic size of 55 is shifted to its nearby even numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA and ICQD, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Li CY, Karna SK, Wang CW, Li WH. Spin polarization and quantum spins in Au nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17618-42. [PMID: 23989607 PMCID: PMC3794745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on investigating the magnetic properties and the critical particle size for developing sizable spontaneous magnetic moment of bare Au nanoparticles. Seven sets of bare Au nanoparticle assemblies, with diameters from 3.5 to 17.5 nm, were fabricated with the gas condensation method. Line profiles of the X-ray diffraction peaks were used to determine the mean particle diameters and size distributions of the nanoparticle assemblies. The magnetization curves M(Ha) reveal Langevin field profiles. Magnetic hysteresis was clearly revealed in the low field regime even at 300 K. Contributions to the magnetization from different size particles in the nanoparticle assemblies were considered when analyzing the M(Ha) curves. The results show that the maximum particle moment will appear in 2.4 nm Au particles. A similar result of the maximum saturation magnetization appearing in 2.3 nm Au particles is also concluded through analysis of the dependency of the saturation magnetization MP on particle size. The MP(d) curve departs significantly from the 1/d dependence, but can be described by a log-normal function. Magnetization can be barely detected for Au particles larger than 27 nm. Magnetic field induced Zeeman magnetization from the quantum confined Kubo gap opening appears in Au nanoparticles smaller than 9.5 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yen Li
- Department of Physics and Center for Neutron Beam Applications, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
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Rogan J, Varas A, Valdivia JA, Kiwi M. A strategy to find minimal energy nanocluster structures. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:2548-56. [PMID: 24037778 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An unbiased strategy to search for the global and local minimal energy structures of free standing nanoclusters is presented. Our objectives are twofold: to find a diverse set of low lying local minima, as well as the global minimum. To do so, we use massively the fast inertial relaxation engine algorithm as an efficient local minimizer. This procedure turns out to be quite efficient to reach the global minimum, and also most of the local minima. We test the method with the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, for which an abundant literature does exist, and obtain novel results, which include a new local minimum for LJ13 , 10 new local minima for LJ14 , and thousands of new local minima for 15≤N≤65. Insights on how to choose the initial configurations, analyzing the effectiveness of the method in reaching low-energy structures, including the global minimum, are developed as a function of the number of atoms of the cluster. Also, a novel characterization of the potential energy surface, analyzing properties of the local minima basins, is provided. The procedure constitutes a promising tool to generate a diverse set of cluster conformations, both two- and three-dimensional, that can be used as an input for refinement by means of ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rogan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile 7800024, and Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda., Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile, 9170124
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Abstract
A density functional study was performed for the Rh13 cluster using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals density functional theory (LCGTO-DFT) approach. The calculations employed both the local density approximation (LDA) as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in combination with a quasi-relativistic effective core potential (QECP). Initial structures for the geometry optimization were taken along Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) trajectories. The BOMD trajectories were performed at different temperatures and considered different potential energy surfaces (PES). As a result, several hundred isomers of the Rh13 cluster in different spin multiplicities were optimized with the aim to determine the lowest energy structures. All geometry optimizations were performed without any symmetry restriction. A vibrational analysis was performed to characterize these isomers. Structural parameters, relative stability energy, harmonic frequencies, binding energy, and most relevant Kohn–Sham (KS) molecular orbitals are reported. The obtained results are compared with available data from the literature. This study predicts a low symmetry biplanarlike structure as the ground-state structure of Rh13 with 11 unpaired electrons. This isomer was first noticed by inspection of first-principle Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations between 300 and 600 K. This represents the most extensive theoretical study on the ground-state structure of the Rh13 cluster and underlines the importance of BOMD simulations to fully explore the PES landscapes of complicated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - José M. Vásquez-Pérez
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Diego A. Espíndola Velasco
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
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Datta S, Saha-Dasgupta T. Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal binary alloy clusters with isoelectronic components: case study with MnmTcn, TimZrn and MnmRen. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:225302. [PMID: 23673337 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/22/225302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of achieving an understanding of the properties of bimetallic alloy clusters having atoms of two isoelectronic elements, we have studied the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of MnmTcn, MnmRen and TimZrn clusters with m + n = 13 (n = 0, 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13), using first-principles density functional calculations. MnmTcn and MnmRen represent clusters of isoelectronic series with a half-filled d shell, while TimZrn represents an isoelectronic cluster series of early transition metals. Mn-rich alloy clusters are found to prefer compact structures and isoelectronic Tc-rich or Re-rich alloy clusters are found to adopt open structures. In contrast, TimZrn clusters are all found to stabilize in compact structures, irrespective of being Ti-rich or Zr-rich. This change in behavior between two isoelectronic series is found to be driven by differences in hybridization effects, due to differences in the evolution of the relative energy positions of the d level with respect to the s and p levels upon moving from 3d to 4d or 5d elements. This effect further competes with the magnetization effect to decide the morphology of the alloy clusters. Focusing on the magnetic properties of the studied clusters, we find that the single Tc atom substituted alloy cluster exhibits markedly improved magnetic properties compared to that of pure Mn clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Datta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
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Chou JP, Hsing CR, Wei CM, Cheng C, Chang CM. Ab initio random structure search for 13-atom clusters of fcc elements. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:125305. [PMID: 23449348 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/12/125305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The 13-atom metal clusters of fcc elements (Al, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) were studied by density functional theory calculations. The global minima were searched for by the ab initio random structure searching method. In addition to some new lowest-energy structures for Pd13 and Au13, we found that the effective coordination numbers of the lowest-energy clusters would increase with the ratio of the dimer-to-bulk bond length. This correlation, together with the electronic structures of the lowest-energy clusters, divides the 13-atom clusters of these fcc elements into two groups (except for Au13, which prefers a two-dimensional structure due to the relativistic effect). Compact-like clusters that are composed exclusively of triangular motifs are preferred for elements without d-electrons (Al) or with (nearly) filled d-band electrons (Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag). Non-compact clusters composed mainly of square motifs connected by some triangular motifs (Rh, Ir, Pt) are favored for elements with unfilled d-band electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Chou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Pacheco-Contreras R, Borbón-González DJ, Dessens-Félix M, Paz-Borbón LO, Johnston RL, Schön JC, Jansen M, Posada-Amarillas A. Determination of the energy landscape of Pd12Pt1 using a combined genetic algorithm and threshold energy method. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Barthem VMTS, Rogalev A, Wilhelm F, Sant'anna MM, Mello SLA, Zhang Y, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Givord D. Spin fluctuations of paramagnetic Rh clusters revealed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:197204. [PMID: 23215422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.197204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic moment induced on Rh atoms, forming 1.6 nm average diameter clusters, embedded in an Al(2)O(3) matrix, has been determined using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements. The magnetic moment varies linearly with the applied magnetic field. At 2.3 K and under 17 T, the spin magnetic moment amounts to 0.067(2) μ(B)/Rh atom. The orbital moment does not exceed 2% of the spin moment. The susceptibility is highly temperature dependent. This is in agreement with a prediction due to Moriya and Kawabata, that in itinerant electron systems, close to the onset of magnetism, the renormalization of the magnetic susceptibility by electron correlations, leads to a Curie-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M T S Barthem
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fresch B, Boyen HG, Remacle F. Magnetostructural effects in ligand stabilized Pd13 clusters: a density functional theory study. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4138-4147. [PMID: 22692248 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show computationally that ligation allows tuning of the magnetostructural properties of the Pd(13) cluster. The bare, phosphine and thiol capped clusters were investigated at the density functional level. The most stable conformers of the bare cluster are of high spin, septet and nonet and of distorted C(3v), C(s) and I(h) geometries. Ligation stabilizes the I(h) geometry and quenches the high spin states, down to a triplet for Pd(13)(PH(3))(12) and to a quintet for Pd(13)(SCH(3))(12).The influence of the two capping systems on the magnetostructural properties of the ligated clusters is analyzed in connection with their different bonding properties. The mixed ligand species Pd(13)(SCH(3))(6)(PH(3))(6) is also characterized. Due to the multiple energetically accessible spin states, unusual thermal behaviour of the average magnetic moment is predicted for these clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B6c, B4000 Liège, Belgium
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Reveles JU, Köster AM, Calaminici P, Khanna SN. Structural changes of Pd13 upon charging and oxidation/reduction. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:114505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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