1
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Ghosh S, Pandey G, Tiwari AK. Efficient Control of Electron Localization and Probability Modulation with Synthesized Two-Color Intense Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39058686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A coupled electron-nuclear dynamical study at attosecond time scale is performed on the HD+ and H2+ molecular ions under the influence of synthesized intense two-color electric fields. We have employed ω - 2ω and also, ω - 3ω two-color fields in the infrared/mid-infrared regime to study the different fragmentation processes originating from the interference of n - (n + i) (i = 1, 2) photon absorption pathways. The branching ratios corresponding to different photofragments are controlled by tuning the relative phase as well as intensity of the two-color pulses, while the effect of the initial nuclear wave function is also studied by taking an individual vibrational eigenstate or a coherent superposition of several eigenstates of HD+ and H2+. By comprehensive analysis, the efficacy of the two different types of synthesized two-color pulses (ω - 2ω and ω - 3ω) are analyzed with respect to one-color intense pulses in terms of controlling the probability modulation and electron localization asymmetry and compared with previous theoretical calculations and experimental findings. Through the detailed investigation, we have addressed which one is the major controlling knob to have better electron localization as well as probability modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
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2
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Tran T, Ferté A, Vacher M. Simulating Attochemistry: Which Dynamics Method to Use? J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3646-3652. [PMID: 38530933 PMCID: PMC11000647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Attochemistry aims to exploit the properties of coherent electronic wavepackets excited via attosecond pulses to control the formation of photoproducts. Such molecular processes can, in principle, be simulated with various nonadiabatic dynamics methods, yet the impact of the approximations underlying the methods is rarely assessed. The performances of widely used mixed quantum-classical approaches, Tully surface hopping, and classical Ehrenfest methods are evaluated against the high-accuracy DD-vMCG quantum dynamics. This comparison is conducted for the valence ionization of fluorobenzene. Analyzing the nuclear motion induced in the branching space of the nearby conical intersection, the results show that the mixed quantum-classical methods reproduce quantitatively the average motion of a quantum wavepacket when initiated on a single electronic state. However, they fail to properly capture the nuclear motion induced by an electronic wavepacket along the derivative coupling, the latter originating from the quantum electronic coherence property, key to attochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Tran
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Ferté
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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3
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Pandey G, Ghosh S, Tiwari AK. Strong Laser Field-Driven Coupled Electron-Nuclear Dynamics: Quantum vs Classical Description. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9206-9219. [PMID: 37890168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a coupled electron-nuclear dynamics study of H2+ molecular ions under the influence of an intense few-cycle 4.5 fs laser pulse with an intensity of 4 × 1014 W/cm2 and a central wavelength of 750 nm. Both quantum and classical dynamical methods are employed in the exact similar initial conditions with the aim of head-to-head comparison of two methodologies. A competition between ionization and dissociation channel is explained under the framework of quantum and classical dynamics. The origin of the electron localization phenomena is elucidated by observing the molecular and electronic wave packet evolution pattern. By probing with different carrier envelope phase (CEP) values of the ultrashort pulse, the possibility of electron localization on either of the two nuclei is investigated. The effects of initial vibrational states on final dissociation and ionization probabilities for several CEP values are studied in detail. Finally, asymmetries in the dissociation probabilities are calculated and mutually compared for both quantum and classical dynamical methodologies, whereas Franck-Condon averaging over the initial vibrational states is carried out in order to mimic the existing experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
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4
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Forward-backward electron–proton asymmetry from a two-photon crossing of diabatic states of H 2+ in linearly polarized intense laser field. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Merritt ICD, Jacquemin D, Vacher M. Attochemistry: Is Controlling Electrons the Future of Photochemistry? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8404-8415. [PMID: 34436903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling matter with light has always been a great challenge, leading to the ever-expanding field of photochemistry. In addition, since the first generation of light pulses of attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) duration, a great deal of effort has been devoted to observing and controlling electrons on their intrinsic time scale. Because of their short duration, attosecond pulses have a large spectral bandwidth populating several electronically excited states in a coherent manner, i.e., an electronic wavepacket. Because of interference, such a wavepacket has a new electronic distribution implying a potentially different and totally new reactivity as compared to traditional photochemistry, leading to the novel concept of "attochemistry". This nascent field requires the support of theory right from the start. In this Perspective, we discuss the opportunities offered by attochemistry, the related challenges, and the current and future state-of-the-art developments in theoretical chemistry needed to model it accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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6
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Sun Z, Yao H, Ren X, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhao W, Wang C, Yang C. Imaging of electron transition and bond breaking in the photodissociation of H 2+ via ultrafast X-ray photoelectron diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10893-10902. [PMID: 33820212 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the photodissociation dynamics of H2+ using the methodology of ultrafast X-ray photoelectron diffraction (UXPD). We use a femtosecond infrared pulse to prompt a coherent excitation from the molecular vibrational state (v = 9) of the electronic ground state (1sσg) and then adopt another time-delayed attosecond X-ray pulse to probe the dynamical properties. We have calculated photoionization momentum distributions by solving the non-Born-Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). We unambiguously identify the phenomena associated with the g - u symmetry breakdown in the time-resolved photoelectron diffraction spectra. Using the two-center interference model, we can determine the variation in nuclear spacing with high accuracy. In addition, we use a strong field approximation (SFA) model to interpret the UXPD profile, and the SFA simulations can reproduce the TDSE results in a quantitative way.
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7
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Jia Z, Qin M, Yue Q, Peng Y. Electron localisation control in dissociating with a THz field. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1770351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Jia
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Qin
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Yue
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yandong Peng
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Kübel M, Spanner M, Dube Z, Naumov AY, Chelkowski S, Bandrauk AD, Vrakking MJJ, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A. Probing multiphoton light-induced molecular potentials. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2596. [PMID: 32444632 PMCID: PMC7244592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong coupling between intense laser fields and valence electrons in molecules causes distortions of the potential energy hypersurfaces which determine the motion of the nuclei and influence possible reaction pathways. The coupling strength varies with the angle between the light electric field and valence orbital, and thereby adds another dimension to the effective molecular potential energy surface, leading to the emergence of light-induced conical intersections. Here, we demonstrate that multiphoton couplings can give rise to complex light-induced potential energy surfaces that govern molecular behavior. In the laser-induced dissociation of H2+, the simplest of molecules, we measure a strongly modulated angular distribution of protons which has escaped prior observation. Using two-color Floquet theory, we show that the modulations result from ultrafast dynamics on light-induced molecular potentials. These potentials are shaped by the amplitude, duration and phase of the dressing fields, allowing for manipulating the dissociation dynamics of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kübel
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - M Spanner
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Z Dube
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Yu Naumov
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - S Chelkowski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - A D Bandrauk
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - P B Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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9
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van den Wildenberg S, Mignolet B, Levine RD, Remacle F. Temporal and spatially resolved imaging of the correlated nuclear-electronic dynamics and of the ionized photoelectron in a coherently electronically highly excited vibrating LiH molecule. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van den Wildenberg
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F. Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit Molecular Systems, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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10
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Dey D, Ray D, Tiwari AK. Controlling Electron Dynamics with Carrier-Envelope Phases of a Laser Pulse. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4702-4707. [PMID: 31074991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the ionization dynamics of carbon atom irradiated with a few-cycle, intense laser field is performed within a quasiclassical model to get mechanistic insights into an earlier reported carrier-envelope phase dependency of ionization probabilities of an atom [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 083602]. The carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulse is found to govern the overall dynamics, reflecting its importance in controlling electronic motion. To understand the origin of this effect, individual trajectories were analyzed at a particular laser intensity. We found that a variation in the carrier-envelope phase affects the angle of ejection of the electrons and subsequently the attainment of the desired final state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Dey
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Dhiman Ray
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
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11
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Static Coherent States Method: One- and Two-Electron Laser-Induced Systems with Classical Nuclear Dynamics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we introduce the static coherent states (SCS) method for investigating quantum electron dynamics in a one- or two-electron laser-induced system. The SCS method solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) both in imaginary and real times on the basis of a static grid of coherent states (CSs). Moreover, we consider classical dynamics for the nuclei by solving their Newtonian equations of motion. By implementing classical nuclear dynamics, we compute the electronic-state potential energy curves of H2+ in the absence and presence of an ultra-short intense laser field. We used this method to investigate charge migration in H2+. In particular, we found that the charge migration time increased exponentially with inter-nuclear distance. We also observed substantial charge localization for sufficiently long molecular bonds.
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12
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Dey D, Henriksen NE. Non-resonant vibrational excitation of HOD and selective bond breaking. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:234307. [PMID: 29935499 DOI: 10.1063/1.5029548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a time-dependent quantum mechanical wave packet study for bond-selective excitation and dissociation of HOD into the H + OD and D + OH channels in the first absorption band. Prior to excitation, the HOD molecule is randomly oriented with respect to a linearly polarized laser field and accurate static dipole moment and polarizability surfaces are included in the interaction potential. Vibrational excitation is obtained with intense, non-resonant 800 nm few-cycle excitation using dynamic Stark effect/impulsive Raman scattering. Dissociation is accomplished by another ultrashort vacuum ultraviolet-laser excitation. A laser control scheme is designed with a train of simple, non-resonant laser pulses in order to enhance the selectivity between the fragmentation channels. The effect of the carrier-envelope-phase of the ultrashort laser pulses is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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He PL, Lao D, He F. Strong Field Theories beyond Dipole Approximations in Nonrelativistic Regimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:163203. [PMID: 28474956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.163203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact nondipole Volkov solutions to the Schrödinger equation and Pauli equation are found, based on which a strong field theory beyond the dipole approximation is built for describing the nondipole effects in nonrelativistic laser driven electron dynamics. This theory is applied to investigate momentum partition laws for multiphoton and tunneling ionization and explicitly shows that the complex interplay of a laser field and Coulomb action may reverse the expected photoelectron momentum along the laser propagation direction. The magnetic-spin coupling does not bring observable effects on the photoelectron momentum distribution and can be neglected. Compared to the strong field approximation within the dipole approximation, this theory works in a much wider range of laser parameters and lays a solid foundation for describing nonrelativistic electron dynamics in both short wavelength and midinfrared regimes where nondipole effects are unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Di Lao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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14
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Kübel M, Burger C, Siemering R, Kling NG, Bergues B, Alnaser AS, Ben-Itzhak I, Moshammer R, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling MF. Phase- and intensity-dependence of ultrafast dynamics in hydrocarbon molecules in few-cycle laser fields. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1288935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kübel
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Garching, Germany
| | - C. Burger
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Attosecond Physics, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics , Garching, Germany
| | - R. Siemering
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - Nora G. Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Garching, Germany
| | - B. Bergues
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Attosecond Physics, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics , Garching, Germany
| | - A. S. Alnaser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - I. Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University , Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - R. Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M. F. Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Attosecond Physics, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics , Garching, Germany
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15
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Yu C, Jiang S, Cao X, Yuan G, Wu T, Bai L, Lu R. Interference effects on harmonic generation from H 2 + in nonhomogeneous laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19736-19745. [PMID: 27557250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation both in simplified one-dimensional coordinate and three-dimensional cylindrical coordinate systems, the high-order harmonic generation from H2 + in spatially symmetric and asymmetric nonhomogeneous laser fields was studied. At large internuclear distances, minima were clearly observed in high energy part of harmonic spectra, which can be attributed to two-center interference in diatomic molecule. Compared with previous studies, the minima in nonhomogeneous laser field are more distinct. Remarkably, the positions of the minima are different in these two types of fields, which demonstrate that interference effects are greatly influenced by laser parameters. Besides, the asymmetric nonhomogeneous field leads to an asymmetric recollision of the ionized electron, and both odd and even order harmonics could be emitted, which is explained in detail based on quantum dynamics calculations.
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16
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Vacher M, Albertani FEA, Jenkins AJ, Polyak I, Bearpark MJ, Robb MA. Electron and nuclear dynamics following ionisation of modified bismethylene-adamantane. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:95-115. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have simulated the coupled electron and nuclear dynamics using the Ehrenfest method upon valence ionisation of modified bismethylene-adamantane (BMA) molecules where there is an electron transfer between the two π bonds. We have shown that the nuclear motion significantly affects the electron dynamics after a few fs when the electronic states involved are close in energy. We have also demonstrated how the non-stationary electronic wave packet determines the nuclear motion, more precisely the asymmetric stretching of the two π bonds, illustrating “charge-directed reactivity”. Taking into account the nuclear wave packet width results in the dephasing of electron dynamics with a half-life of 8 fs; this eventually leads to the equal delocalisation of the hole density over the two methylene groups and thus symmetric bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iakov Polyak
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
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17
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Suzuki Y, Abedi A, Maitra NT, Gross EKU. Laser-induced electron localization in H₂⁺: mixed quantum-classical dynamics based on the exact time-dependent potential energy surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29271-29280. [PMID: 26467353 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
We study the exact nuclear time-dependent potential energy surface (TDPES) for laser-induced electron localization with a view to eventually developing a mixed quantum-classical dynamics method for strong-field processes. The TDPES is defined within the framework of the exact factorization [A. Abedi, N. T. Maitra, and E. K. U. Gross, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, 105, 123002] and contains the exact effect of the couplings to the electronic subsystem and to any external fields within a scalar potential. We compare its features with those of the quasistatic potential energy surfaces (QSPES) often used to analyse strong-field processes. We show that the gauge-independent component of the TDPES has a mean-field-like character very close to the density-weighted average of the QSPESs. Oscillations in this component are smoothened out by the gauge-dependent component, and both components are needed to yield the correct force on the nuclei. Once the localization begins to set in, the gradient of the exact TDPES tracks one QSPES and then switches to the other, similar to the description provided by surface-hopping between QSPESs. We show that evolving an ensemble of classical nuclear trajectories on the exact TDPES accurately reproduces the exact dynamics. This study suggests that the mixed quantum-classical dynamics scheme based on evolving multiple classical nuclear trajectories on the exact TDPES will be a novel and useful method to simulate strong field processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Suzuki
- Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Abedi
- Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - E K U Gross
- Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
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18
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Li H, Mignolet B, Wachter G, Skruszewicz S, Zherebtsov S, Süssmann F, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Kling NG, Kübel M, Ahn B, Kim D, Ben-Itzhak I, Cocke CL, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Levine RD, Remacle F, Kling MF. Coherent electronic wave packet motion in C(60) controlled by the waveform and polarization of few-cycle laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:123004. [PMID: 25860740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong laser fields can be used to trigger an ultrafast molecular response that involves electronic excitation and ionization dynamics. Here, we report on the experimental control of the spatial localization of the electronic excitation in the C_{60} fullerene exerted by an intense few-cycle (4 fs) pulse at 720 nm. The control is achieved by tailoring the carrier-envelope phase and the polarization of the laser pulse. We find that the maxima and minima of the photoemission-asymmetry parameter along the laser-polarization axis are synchronized with the localization of the coherent electronic wave packet at around the time of ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - G Wachter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - F Süssmann
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Kübel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C L Cocke
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - C Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - R D Levine
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Remacle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - M F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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19
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Wang Z, Feng Z, Long H. Ionisation effect on the electron localisation in the subcycle waveform shaping scheme. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.956828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Yao H, Zhao G. Theoretical investigation of the competitive mechanism between dissociation and ionization of H₂⁺ in intense field. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9173-81. [PMID: 24806756 DOI: 10.1021/jp5030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The competitive mechanism between dissociation and ionization of hydrogen molecular ion in intense field has been theoretically investigated by using an accurate non-Born-Oppenheimer method. The relative yield of fragments indicates that the dissociation and ionization channels are competitive with the increasing laser intensity from 5.0 × 10(13) to 2.0 × 10(14) W/cm(2). In the case of intensity lower than 1.0 × 10(14) W/cm(2), the dissociation channel is dominant, with a minor contribution from ionization. The mechanism of dissociation includes the contributions from the bond softening, bond hardening, below-threshold dissociation, and above-threshold dissociation, which are strongly dependent on the laser intensity and initial vibrational state. Furthermore, the ionization dominates over the dissociation channel at the highest intensity of 2.0 × 10(14) W/cm(2). The reasonable origin of ionization is ascribed as the above-threshold Coulomb explosion, which has been demonstrated by the space-time dependent ionization rate. Moreover, the competition mechanism between dissociation and ionization channels are displayed on the total kinetic energy resolved (KER) spectra, which could be tested at current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Zhang J, He GQ, He F. Optimal laser pulse design for transferring the coherent nuclear wave packet of H +2. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.874601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Albeck Y, Kandhasamy DM, Strasser D. Multiple Detachment of the SF6– Molecular Anion with Shaped Intense Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:388-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yishai Albeck
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Kling NG, Betsch KJ, Zohrabi M, Zeng S, Anis F, Ablikim U, Jochim B, Wang Z, Kübel M, Kling MF, Carnes KD, Esry BD, Ben-Itzhak I. Carrier-envelope phase control over pathway interference in strong-field dissociation of H2+. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:163004. [PMID: 24182264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.163004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of an H2+ molecular-ion beam by linearly polarized, carrier-envelope-phase-tagged 5 fs pulses at 4×10(14) W/cm2 with a central wavelength of 730 nm was studied using a coincidence 3D momentum imaging technique. Carrier-envelope-phase-dependent asymmetries in the emission direction of H+ fragments relative to the laser polarization were observed. These asymmetries are caused by interference of odd and even photon number pathways, where net zero-photon and one-photon interference predominantly contributes at H+ + H kinetic energy releases of 0.2-0.45 eV, and net two-photon and one-photon interference contributes at 1.65-1.9 eV. These measurements of the benchmark H2+ molecule offer the distinct advantage that they can be quantitatively compared with ab initio theory to confirm our understanding of strong-field coherent control via the carrier-envelope phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora G Kling
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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24
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Liu K, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Anomalous isotopic effect on electron-directed reactivity by a 3-μm midinfrared pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5107-5116. [PMID: 23482045 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have theoretically studied the effect of nuclear mass on electron localization in dissociating H₂⁺ and its isotopes subjected to a few-cycle 3-μm pulse. Our results reveal an anomalous isotopic effect in which the degree of electron-directed reactivity can be even higher for heavier isotopes in the intense midinfrared field. We show, for the first time, the pronounced electron localization can be established through the interferences among the multi-photon coupling channels. Due to the relative enhancement of higher-order coupling channels with growing mass, the interference maxima at different kinetic energy of the spectra gradually become in phase, ultimately resulting in the larger dissociation asymmetries of heavier isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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25
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Xiong H, Si LG, Lü XY, Yang X, Wu Y. Carrier-envelope phase-dependent effect of high-order sideband generation in ultrafast driven optomechanical system. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:353-355. [PMID: 23381435 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the features of the output field of a generic optomechanical system that is driven by a control field and a nanosecond driven pulse, and find a robust high-order sideband generation in optomechanical systems. The typical spectral structure, plateau and cutoff, confirms the nonperturbative nature of the effect, which is similar to high-order harmonic generation in atoms or molecules. Based on the phenomenon, we show that the carrier-envelope phase of laser pulses that contain huge numbers of cycles can cause profound effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Kling MF, von den Hoff P, Znakovskaya I, de Vivie-Riedle R. (Sub-)femtosecond control of molecular reactions via tailoring the electric field of light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9448-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Anis F, Esry BD. Enhancing the intense field control of molecular fragmentation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:133001. [PMID: 23030085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a pump-probe scheme with which the spatial asymmetry of dissociating molecular fragments-as controlled by the carrier-envelope phase of an intense few-cycle laser pulse-can be enhanced by an order of magnitude or more. We illustrate the scheme using extensive, full-dimensional calculations for dissociation of H(2)(+) and include the averaging necessary for comparison with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Anis
- J R Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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28
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Paramonov GK, Kühn O. State-Selective Vibrational Excitation and Dissociation of H2+ by Strong Infrared Laser Pulses: Below-Resonant versus Resonant Laser Fields and Electron–Field Following. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11388-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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29
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He HX, Lu RF, Zhang PY, Han KL, He GZ. Dissociation and ionization competing processes for H2+ in intense laser field: Which one is larger? J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3676065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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30
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Liu K, Hong W, Zhang Q, Lu P. Wavelength dependence of electron localization in the laser-driven dissociation of H2(+). OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:26359-26369. [PMID: 22274220 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.026359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the laser wavelength dependence of asymmetric dissociation of H2(+). It is found that the electron localization in molecular dissociation is significantly manipulated by varying the wavelength of the driving field. Through creating a strong nuclear vibration in the laser-molecular interaction, our simulations demonstrate that the few-cycle mid-infrared pulse can effectively localize the electron at one of the dissociating nuclei with weak ionization. Moreover, we show that the observed phase-shift of the dissociation asymmetry is attributed to the different population transfers by the remaining fields after the internuclear distances reach the one-photon coupling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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31
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YUAN KAIJUN, LIU ZHENGTANG, YU JIE, CHEN MAODU, CONG SHULIN. THEORETICAL STUDY OF ABOVE THRESHOLD DISSOCIATION OF HD+ IN FEMTOSECOND LASER FIELDS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633609005416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The above threshold dissociation (ATD) of the HD+ molecular ion in a linearly polarized femtosecond laser field is theoretically studied using three-dimensional time-dependent quantum wave packet method. Based on the Born–Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), calculations are performed on two electronic states, the ground state 1sσ and the excited state 2pσ. The energy-dependent distributions of the dissociated fragments, resulting from the ATD, are calculated by using an asymptotic-flow expression in the momentum space. The numerical results demonstrate that, in the laser field of wavelength λ = 800 nm and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) τ = 30 fs , only two-photon dissociation is observable at a weaker pulse peak intensity, 5.0 × 1012 W cm -2, while at an intense intensity, 1.5 × 1015 W cm -2, the dissociated fragments resulting from four-photon absorption dominates over the photodissociation process. These results are consistent with the experimental observation of Orr et al. [Orr PA et al., Phys Rev Lett98:163001, 2007]. The ac Stark-shift caused by intense laser field will change the kinetic energies of the fragments. The ATD phenomena are quantitatively interpreted in terms of the concept of light-induced potential. The molecular rotation and alignment have some effects on the kinetic energy spectrum of the dissociated fragments. The molecular rotation reduces the ac Stark-shift and broadens the peaks of kinetic energy spectra of the dissociated fragments. However, the intense laser field can effectively align the molecule and is helpful to increase the ATD probability. The ATD spectrum is related to the initial quantum numbers J0 and M0 of the molecule. The ATD spectrum of HD+ is calculated at a limited thermal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- KAI-JUN YUAN
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - ZHENG-TANG LIU
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - JIE YU
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - MAO-DU CHEN
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - SHU-LIN CONG
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Liu K, Hong W, Lu P. Phase dependence of electron localization in HeH²⁺ dissociation with an intense few-cycle laser pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20279-20287. [PMID: 21997039 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electron localization in the dissociation of the asymmetric charged molecular ion HeH²⁺ exposed to an intense few-cycle laser pulse is studied by solving numerically the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation. By varying the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and the intensity of the pulse, the upward shift of the localization probability and the suppression of the dissociation channel He²⁺+H are observed. Our analysis shows that the phenomenon is attributed to the asymmetric structure of the molecule as well as the recollision-assistant field-induced ionization of the electron wave packets localized on H⁺ in the trailing of the pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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33
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Takemoto N, Becker A. Visualization and interpretation of attosecond electron dynamics in laser-driven hydrogen molecular ion using Bohmian trajectories. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3553178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Schirmel N, Urbasch G, Zherebtsov S, Bergues B, de Vivie-Riedle R, Weitzel KM, Kling MF. Waveform control of orientation-dependent ionization of DCl in few-cycle laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8653-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Li H, Sautenkov VA, Rostovtsev YV, Kash MM, Anisimov PM, Welch GR, Scully MO. Carrier-envelope phase effect on atomic excitation by few-cycle rf pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:103001. [PMID: 20366417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the carrier-envelope phase effects on population transfer between two bound atomic states interacting with intense ultrashort pulses. Radio frequency pulses are used to transfer population among the ground state hyperfine levels in rubidium atoms. These pulses are only a few cycles in duration and have Rabi frequencies of the order of the carrier frequency. The phase difference between the carrier and the envelope of the pulses has a significant effect on the excitation of atomic coherence and population transfer. We provide a theoretical description of this phenomenon using density matrix equations. We discuss the implications and possible applications of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Li
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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36
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Control of competing dissociation channels by femtosecond interferometry: Aspects of electron and nuclear dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Attosecond control of the dissociative ionization via electron localization: A comparison between and CO. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Yun C, Chen S, Wang H, Chini M, Chang Z. Temperature feedback control for long-term carrier-envelope phase locking. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:5127-5130. [PMID: 19767929 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.005127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a double feedback loop for the improvement of the carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a chirped mirror based femtosecond laser oscillator. By combining the control of the Ti:sapphire crystal temperature and the modulation of the pump power, the carrier envelope offset frequency, fCEO, was locked for close to 20 h, which is much longer than the typical phase stabilization time with only pump power modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Yun
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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39
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Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Zherebtsov S, Wirth A, Herrwerth O, Vrakking MJJ, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling MF. Attosecond control of electron dynamics in carbon monoxide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:103002. [PMID: 19792301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laser pulses with stable electric field waveforms establish the opportunity to achieve coherent control on attosecond time scales. We present experimental and theoretical results on the steering of electronic motion in a multielectron system. A very high degree of light-waveform control over the directional emission of C(+) and O(+) fragments from the dissociative ionization of CO was observed. Ab initio based model calculations reveal contributions to the control related to the ionization and laser-induced population transfer between excited electronic states of CO(+) during dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Znakovskaya
- Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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40
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He F, Becker A, Thumm U. Strong-field modulated diffraction effects in the correlated electron-nuclear motion in dissociating H(2+). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:213002. [PMID: 19113409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.213002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show that the electronic dynamics in a molecule driven by a strong field is complex and potentially even counterintuitive. As a prototype example, we simulate the interaction of a dissociating H2+ molecule with an intense infrared laser pulse. Depending on the laser intensity, the direction of the electron's motion between the two nuclei is found to follow or oppose the classical laser-electric force. We explain the sensitive dependence of the correlated electronic-nuclear motion in terms of the diffracting electronic momentum distribution of the dissociating two-center system. The distribution is dynamically modulated by the nuclear motion and periodically shifted in the oscillating infrared electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
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41
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Lu RF, Zhang PY, Han KL. Attosecond-resolution quantum dynamics calculations for atoms and molecules in strong laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:066701. [PMID: 18643391 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.066701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A parallel quantum electron and nuclei wave packet computer code, LZH-DICP, has been developed to study laser-atom-molecule interaction in the nonperturbative regime with attosecond resolution. The nonlinear phenomena occurring in that regime can be studied with the code in a rigorous way by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation of electrons and nuclei. Time propagation of the wave functions is performed using a split-operator approach, and based on a sine discrete variable representation. Photoelectron spectra for hydrogen and kinetic-energy spectra for molecular hydrogen ion in linearly polarized laser fields are calculated using a flux operator scheme, which testifies to the validity and the high efficiency of LZH-DICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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42
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Roudnev V, Esry BD. General theory of carrier-envelope phase effects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:220406. [PMID: 18233269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.220406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a general framework for understanding carrier-envelope phase (CEP) effects in a quantum system interacting with an intense, short laser pulse. We establish a simple connection between the CEP and the wave function that can be exploited to obtain the full CEP dependence of an observable given the wave function at a single CEP. Within this framework, all CEP effects are interpreted as interference between different photon amplitudes which, in turn, can be used to put limits on the pulse lengths and intensities required to see significant CEP effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roudnev
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
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43
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44
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He F, Ruiz C, Becker A. Control of electron excitation and localization in the dissociation of H2(+) and its isotopes using two sequential ultrashort laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:083002. [PMID: 17930946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the control of dissociation of the hydrogen molecular ion and its isotopes exposed to two ultrashort laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. While the first ultraviolet pulse is used to excite the electron wave packet on the dissociative 2psigma{u} state, a second time-delayed near-infrared pulse steers the electron between the nuclei. Our results show that by adjusting the time delay between the pulses and the carrier-envelope phase of the near-infrared pulse, a high degree of control over the electron localization on one of the dissociating nuclei can be achieved (in about 85% of all fragmentation events). The results demonstrate that current (sub-)femtosecond technology can provide a control over both electron excitation and localization in the fragmentation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str 38, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Orr PA, Williams ID, Greenwood JB, Turcu ICE, Bryan WA, Pedregosa-Gutierrez J, Walter CW. Above threshold dissociation of vibrationally cold HD+ molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:163001. [PMID: 17501417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The experimental study of molecular dissociation of H2+ by intense laser pulses is complicated by the fact that the ions are initially produced in a wide range of vibrational states, each of which responds differently to the laser field. An electrostatic storage device has been used to radiatively cool HD+ ions enabling the observation of above threshold dissociation from the ground vibrational state by 40 fs laser pulses at 800 nm. At the highest intensities used, dissociation through the absorption of at least four photons is found to be the dominant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Orr
- School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Tong XM, Lin CD. Dynamics of light-field control of molecular dissociation at the few-cycle limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:123002. [PMID: 17501118 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the laser-molecule interaction dynamics that leads to the asymmetric D+ ion ejection in the dissociative ionization of D2 molecules observed recently in Kling et al. [Science 312, 246 (2006)10.1126/science.1126259]. By changing the carrier-envelope phase, we showed that the asymmetry is a consequence of manipulating the initial ionization and the rescattering of the electrons within one optical cycle of the laser. The result illustrates the feasibility of coherent control of reaction dynamics at the attosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Tong
- Institute of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Michael Weitzel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Martiny CPJ, Madsen LB. Symmetry of carrier-envelope phase difference effects in strong-field, few-cycle ionization of atoms and molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:093001. [PMID: 17026358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In few-cycle pulses, the exact value of the carrier-envelope phase difference (CEPD) has a pronounced influence on the ionization dynamics of atoms and molecules. We show that, for atoms in circularly polarized light, a change in the CEPD is mapped uniquely to an overall rotation of the system, and results for arbitrary CEPD are obtained by rotation of the results from a single calculation with fixed CEPD. For molecules, this is true only for linear molecules aligned parallel with the propagation direction of the field. The effects of CEPD are classified as geometric or nongeometric. The observations are exemplified by strong-field calculations on hydrogen.
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Gagnon E, Thomann I, Paul A, Lytle AL, Backus S, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Sandhu AS. Long-term carrier-envelope phase stability from a grating-based, chirped pulse amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1866-8. [PMID: 16729097 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilized, chirped pulse laser amplifier that exhibits greatly improved intrinsic long-term CEP stability compared with that of other amplifiers. This system employs a grating-based stretcher and compressor and a cryogenically cooled laser amplifier. Single-shot carrier envelope phase noise measurements are also presented that avoid underestimation of this parameter caused by fringe averaging and represent a rigorously accurate upper limit on CEP noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gagnon
- Department of Physics and JILA, and NSF Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, 80309-0440, USA
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Kling MF, Siedschlag C, Verhoef AJ, Khan JI, Schultze M, Uphues T, Ni Y, Uiberacker M, Drescher M, Krausz F, Vrakking MJJ. Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation. Science 2006; 312:246-8. [PMID: 16614216 DOI: 10.1126/science.1126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated how the subcycle evolution of the electric field of light can be used to control the motion of bound electrons. Results are presented for the dissociative ionization of deuterium molecules (D2 --> D+ + D), where asymmetric ejection of the ionic fragment reveals that light-driven intramolecular electronic motion before dissociation localizes the electron on one of the two D+ ions in a controlled way. The results extend subfemtosecond electron control to molecules and provide evidence of its usefulness in controlling reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Kling
- FOM Instituut voor Atoom en Molecuul Fysica (AMOLF), Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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