1
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Chadwick H. Characterisation of magnetic atomic and molecular beamlines for the extraction of empirical scattering-matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19630-19645. [PMID: 38888009 PMCID: PMC11267877 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A recently developed magnetic molecular interferometry technique allows the experimental determination of how the amplitudes and phases of the molecular wave-function change during the collision of a gas phase molecule with a surface. This information, quantified by a scattering-matrix, provides a very stringent benchmark for developing accurate theoretical models as they can also be determined from scattering calculations and are particularly sensitive to the underlying interaction potential. However, the value of this comparison is necessarily limited by the accuracy with which an empirical scattering-matrix can be extracted from the experimental data. This paper presents the methods used to analyse the measurements and uses simulations to determine how various uncertainties in modelling the different magnetic elements which make up the beamline of the apparatus affect the accuracy with which the scattering-matrix can be extracted. It is shown that when signals have a noise level which corresponds to on the order of 1% of the oscillation amplitude, the uncertainties in the modelling do not significantly affect the ability to extract the scattering-matrix elements, with the error in the extracted values increasing to a few percent as the noise in the signals is increased to 10% of the oscillation amplitude. This therefore gives an estimate of the accuracy of the parameters that can be obtained from future measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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2
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Allison W, Miret-Artés S, Pollak E. Reply to the 'Comment on "Perturbation theory of scattering for grazing-incidence fast-atom diffraction"' by G. A. Bocan, H. Breiss, S. Szilasi, A. Momeni, E. M. S. Casagrande, E. A. Sánchez, M. S. Gravielle and H. Khemliche, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, DOI: 10.1039/D3CP02486E. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38047621 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04559e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Reply, we show that criticisms of perturbation theory for grazing-incidence fast-atom diffraction (GIFAD) are ill-founded. We show explicitly that our formulation (W. Allison, S. Miret-Artés and E. Pollak, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 15851) provides a similar precision in describing the observed phenomena as ab initio potentials. Since that is the main criterion to distinguish between methods, it seems reasonable to conclude that the perturbation approach using a Morse-type potential reproduces the essential aspects of the dynamics correctly. In addition we expand on the historical context and summarize the physical insights provided by our methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Allison
- SMF Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
| | - S Miret-Artés
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - E Pollak
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel.
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3
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Pan P, Rad JN, Roncin P. A setup for grazing incidence fast atom diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093305. [PMID: 36182520 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe a UHV setup for grazing incidence fast atom diffraction (GIFAD) experiments. The overall geometry is simply a source of keV atoms facing an imaging detector. Therefore, it is very similar to the geometry of reflection high energy electron diffraction experiments used to monitor growth at surfaces. Several custom instrumental developments are described making GIFAD operation efficient and straightforward. The difficulties associated with accurately measuring the small scattering angle and the related calibration are carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jaafar Najafi Rad
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Roncin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
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4
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Meng Q, Chen J, Ma J, Zhang X, Chen J. Adiabatic models for the quantum dynamics of surface scattering with lattice effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16415-16436. [PMID: 35766107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we review models for the lattice effects in quantum dynamics calculations on surface scattering, which is important to modeling heterogeneous catalysis for achieving an interpretation of experimental measurements. Unlike dynamics models for reactions in the gas phase, those for heterogeneous reactions have to include the effects of the surface. For manageable computational costs in calculations, the effects of static surface (SS) are firstly modeled as this is simply and easily implemented. Then, the SS model has to be improved to include the effects of the flexible surface, that is the lattice effects. To do this, various surface models have been designed where the coordinates of the surface atoms are introduced in the Hamiltonian operator, especially those of the top surface atom. Based on this model Hamiltonian operator, extensive multi-dimension quantum dynamics calculations can be performed to recover the lattice effects. Here, we first review an overview of the techniques in constructing the Hamiltonian operator, which is a sum of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) and potential energy surface (PES). Since the PES containing the coordinates of the surface atoms in a cell is still expensive, the SS model is often accepted. We consider a mathematical model, called the coupled harmonic oscillator (CHO) model, to introduce the concepts of adiabatic and diabatic representations for separating the molecule and surface. Under the adiabatic model, we further introduce the expansion model where the potential function is Taylor expanded around the optimized geometry of the surface. By an expansion model truncated at the first and second order, various coupling surface models between the molecule and surface are derived. Moreover, by further and deeply understanding the adiabatic representation, an effective Hamiltonian operator is obtained by optimizing the total wave function in factorized form. By this factorized form of wave function and effective Hamiltonian operator, the geometry phase of the surface wave function is theoretically found. This theoretical prediction may be measured by carefully designing experiments. Finally, discussions on the adiabatic representation, the PES construction, and possibility of the classical-dynamics solutions are given. Based on these discussions, a simple outlook on the dynamics of photocatalytics is finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Junbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China. .,Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, China North Industries Group Corp., Ltd., East Zhangba Road 168, 710065 Xi'an, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao Road West 155, 350002 Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Optoelectronic Industry Base at High-tech Zone, 350108 Fuzhou, China
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5
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Díaz C, Gravielle MS. Grazing incidence fast atom and molecule diffraction: theoretical challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15628-15656. [PMID: 35730987 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews the state-of-the-art of grazing incidence fast atom and molecule diffraction (GIFAD and GIFMD) simulations and addresses the main challenges that theorists, aiming to provide useful inputs in this topic, are facing. We first discuss briefly the methods used to build accurate potential energy surfaces describing the interaction between the projectile and the surface. Subsequently, we focus on the dynamics simulation methods for GIFAD, a phenomenon that has received a lot of experimental attention since 2007, when the first measurements were published. Following this experimental effort, theorists have developed and adapted a bunch of methods able to simulate, analyze and extract information from the experimental outputs. We review these methods, from the very simple ones based on classical dynamics to the full quantum ones, paying special attention to more versatile semiclassical approaches, which include quantum ingredients in the dynamics at a computational cost only slightly higher than that required in classical dynamics. Within the semiclassical framework it is possible, for example, to include in the dynamics the surface phonons and the projectile coherence, two factors that may have a relevant influence on the experimental measurements, at a reasonable computational cost. Finally, we address GIFMD, a phenomenon that has received much less attention and for which there is still a lot of room for research. We review the few examples of GIFMD available in the literature, and we discuss new phenomena associated with the molecular internal degrees of freedom, which may have some impact in other closely related fields, such as molecular reactivity on metal surfaces. Finally, we point out opened questions, raised from the comparisons between theoretical and experimental results, which claim for further experimental efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Silvia Gravielle
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Chadwick H, Alexandrowicz G. Measuring surface phonons using molecular spin-echo. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14198-14208. [PMID: 35642927 PMCID: PMC9200049 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method to measure surface phonons with a molecular beam is presented. The method extends the principles of 3He spin-echo spectroscopy, to the more complex case of a molecular beam exchanging energy with the surface. Measurements are presented for inelastic scattering of D2 from a Cu(111) surface. Similarly to helium spin-echo, experiments can be performed along optimal tilted projections making it possible to resolve energy peaks with a high energy resolution which is not restricted by the spread of energies of the incident beam. Two analysis methods for these molecular spin echo experiments are presented. A classical approach, analogous to that used for helium spin-echo, explains the most dominant excitation peaks measured, whereas a semi-classical approach allows us to identify smaller peaks which are related to the complexity of the multiple spin-rotation states which exist for molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Gil Alexandrowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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7
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Del Cueto M, Muzas AS, Frankcombe TJ, Martín F, Díaz C. Prominent out-of-plane diffraction in helium scattering from a methyl-terminated Si(111) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15879-15887. [PMID: 31286123 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their electrochemical and oxidative stability, organic-terminated semiconductor surfaces are well suited to applications in, for example, photoelectrodes and electrochemical cells, which explains the lively interest in their detailed characterization. Helium atom scattering (HAS) is a useful tool to carry out such characterization. Here, we have simulated HAS in He/CH3-Si(111) based on density functional theory (DFT) potential energy surfaces (PESs) and multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) dynamics. Our analysis of HAS shows that most diffraction taking place in this system corresponds to high-order out-of-plane peaks. This is a general trend that does not depend on the specific features of the simulations, such as the inclusion or not of the van der Waals long-range effects. This is the first and only He-surface system for which such huge out-of-plane diffraction has been described. This striking theoretical finding should encourage new experimental developments to confirm this previously unreported effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Del Cueto
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto S Muzas
- University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | | | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Peña-Torres A, Busnengo HF, Juaristi JI, Larregaray P, Crespos C. Dynamics of N2 sticking on W(100): the decisive role of van der Waals interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19326-19331. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reactive dynamics of N2 on W(100) has been investigated by means of quasi-classical trajectory calculations using an interpolated six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) based on density functional theory energies obtained employing the vdW-DF2 functional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Fabio Busnengo
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Ingeniería y Agrimensura
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- 2000 Rosario
- Argentina
| | - J. Iñaki Juaristi
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Facultad de Químicas (UPV/EHU)
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9
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Kroes GJ, Wijzenbroek M, Manson JR. Possible effect of static surface disorder on diffractive scattering of H2 from Ru(0001): Comparison between theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:244705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Wijzenbroek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. R. Manson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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10
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Kroes GJ, Díaz C. Quantum and classical dynamics of reactive scattering of H2 from metal surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3658-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art theoretical models allow nowadays an accurate description of H2/metal surface systems and phenomena relative to heterogeneous catalysis. Here we review the most relevant ones investigated during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Gorlaeus Laboratories
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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11
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Martin-Gondre L, Juaristi JI, Blanco-Rey M, Díez Muiño R, Alducin M. Influence of the van der Waals interaction in the dissociation dynamics of N2 on W(110) from first principles. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:074704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Martin-Gondre
- Institut UTINAM-CNRS UMR 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. I. Juaristi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M. Blanco-Rey
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - R. Díez Muiño
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M. Alducin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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12
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Wang JW, He Y, Gong H. Various properties of Pd3Ag/TiAl membranes from density functional theory. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Mondal A, Wijzenbroek M, Bonfanti M, Díaz C, Kroes GJ. Thermal Lattice Expansion Effect on Reactive Scattering of H2 from Cu(111) at Ts = 925 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8770-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4042183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arobendo Mondal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K),
741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark Wijzenbroek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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15
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16
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Ruiz A, Palao JP. Effects of classical nonlinear resonances in grazing diatom-surface collisions. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Nieto P, Barredo D, Farías D, Miranda R. In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Diffraction of H2 from Ru(001). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7283-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Farías
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Nieto P, Farías D, Miranda R, Luppi M, Baerends EJ, Somers MF, van der Niet MJTC, Olsen RA, Kroes GJ. Diffractive and reactive scattering of H2 from Ru(0001): experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8583-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Barredo D, Laurent G, Nieto P, Farías D, Miranda R. High-resolution elastic and rotationally inelastic diffraction of D2 from NiAl(110). J Chem Phys 2010; 133:124702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3479587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barredo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Martin-Gondre L, Crespos C, Larregaray P, Rayez JC, van Ootegem B, Conte D. Dynamics simulation of N(2) scattering onto W(100,110) surfaces: A stringent test for the recently developed flexible periodic London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato potential energy surface. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:204501. [PMID: 20515094 DOI: 10.1063/1.3389479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method to construct the six dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for two atoms interacting with a periodic rigid surface, the flexible periodic London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato model, has been proposed recently. The main advantages of this model, compared to state-of-the-art interpolated ab initio PESs developed in the past, reside in its global nature along with the small number of electronic structure calculations required for its construction. In this work, we investigate to which extent this global representation is able to reproduce the fine details of the scattering dynamics of N(2) onto W(100,110) surfaces reported in previous dynamics simulations based on locally interpolated PESs. The N(2)/W(100) and N(2)/W(110) systems are chosen as benchmarks as they exhibit very unusual and distinct dissociative adsorption dynamics although chemically similar. The reaction pathways as well as the role of dynamic trapping are scrutinized. Besides, elastic/inelastic scattering dynamics including internal state and angular distributions of reflected molecules are also investigated. The results are shown to be in fair agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martin-Gondre
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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21
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Xiao Y, Dong W, Busnengo HF. Reactive force fields for surface chemical reactions: A case study with hydrogen dissociation on Pd surfaces. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:014704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3265854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Díaz C, Olsen RA, Auerbach DJ, Kroes GJ. Six-dimensional dynamics study of reactive and non reactive scattering of H2 from Cu(111) using a chemically accurate potential energy surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6499-519. [DOI: 10.1039/c001956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Laurent G, Barredo D, Farías D, Miranda R, Díaz C, Rivière P, Somers MF, Martín F. Experimental and theoretical study of rotationally inelastic diffraction of D2 from NiAl(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14501-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Díaz C, Rivière P, Martín F. Molecular effects in H2 scattering from metal surfaces at grazing incidence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:013201. [PMID: 19659144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Collisions of fast atoms with surfaces at grazing incidence have been recently proposed as a promising new tool to determine surface parameters with unprecedented accuracy. Here we show, by means of classical dynamics calculations performed with first-principles six-dimensional potential energy surfaces for H2/NiAl(110) and H2/Pd(111) that, under grazing incidence conditions, fast light molecular projectiles are also useful to determine sticking probabilities at thermal energies, from the threshold up to the saturation limit. Thus they are the ideal complement to traditional experiments at thermal energies to determine sticking curves up to the saturation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díaz
- Departamento de Química C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Lozano A, Gross A, Busnengo HF. Adsorption dynamics of H2 on Pd(100) from first principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5814-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b905432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Darling G. Chapter 5 Intra-molecular Energy Flow in Gas–Surface Collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4331(08)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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27
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Díaz C, Vincent JK, Krishnamohan GP, Olsen RA, Kroes GJ, Honkala K, Norskov JK. Reactive and nonreactive scattering of N2 from Ru(0001): a six-dimensional adiabatic study. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:114706. [PMID: 16999500 DOI: 10.1063/1.2229197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the dissociative chemisorption and scattering of N(2) on and from Ru(0001), using a six-dimensional quasiclassical trajectory method. The potential energy surface, which depends on all the molecular degrees of freedom, has been built applying a modified Shepard interpolation method to a data set of results from density functional theory, employing the RPBE generalized gradient approximation. The frozen surface and Born-Oppenheimer [Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 84, 457 (1927)] approximations were used, neglecting phonons and electron-hole pair excitations. Dissociative chemisorption probabilities are found to be very small even for translational energies much higher than the minimum reaction barrier, in good agreement with experiment. A comparison to previous low dimensional calculations shows the importance of taking into account the multidimensional effects of N(2) rotation and translation parallel to the surface. The new calculations strongly suggest a much smaller role of nonadiabatic effects than previously assumed on the basis of a comparison between low dimensional results and experiments [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 9028 (2001)]. Also in agreement with experiment, our theoretical results show a strong dependence of reaction on the initial vibrational state. Computed angular scattering distributions and parallel translation energy distributions are in good agreement with experiments on scattering, but the theory overestimates vibrational and rotational excitations in scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díaz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Rousseau P, Khemliche H, Borisov AG, Roncin P. Quantum scattering of fast atoms and molecules on surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:016104. [PMID: 17358491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.016104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for the diffraction of light keV atoms and molecules grazingly scattered on LiF(001) and NaCl(001) surfaces. At such energies, the de Broglie wavelength is 2 orders of magnitude smaller that the mean thermal atomic displacement in the crystal. Thus, no coherent scattering was expected and interaction of keV atoms with surfaces is routinely treated with classical mechanics. We show here that well-defined diffraction patterns can be observed indicating that, for grazing scattering, the pertinent wavelength is that associated with the slow motion perpendicular to the surface. The experimental data are well reproduced by an ab initio calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rousseau
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires, UMR 8625, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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29
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Barredo D, Laurent G, Díaz C, Nieto P, Busnengo HF, Salin A, Farías D, Martín F. Experimental evidence of dynamic trapping in the scattering of H2 from Pd(110). J Chem Phys 2006; 125:051101. [PMID: 16942196 DOI: 10.1063/1.2229203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed H2(D2) diffraction experiments on a Pd(110) surface using two different high-sensitivity set-ups. We have found that, although the total reflectivity of Pd(110) is comparable to that observed in other reactive systems, the corresponding H2(D2) diffraction patterns are quite different: no diffraction peak, including the specular one, is observed on Pd(110). This unexpected result is the consequence of dynamic trapping. Such interpretation is supported by classical dynamics calculations based on accurate ab initio potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barredo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Nieto P, Pijper E, Barredo D, Laurent G, Olsen RA, Baerends EJ, Kroes GJ, Farías D. Reactive and Nonreactive Scattering of H2 from a Metal Surface Is Electronically Adiabatic. Science 2006; 312:86-9. [PMID: 16469880 DOI: 10.1126/science.1123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation of uncoupled electronic and nuclear motion is a standard tool of the computational chemist. However, its validity for molecule-metal surface reactions, which are important to heterogeneous catalysis, has been questioned because of the possibility of electron-hole pair excitations. We have performed experiments and calculations on the scattering of molecular hydrogen from a catalytically relevant metal surface, obtaining absolute probabilities for changes in the molecule's velocity parallel to the representative Pt(111) surface. The comparison for in-plane and out-of-plane scattering and results for dissociative chemisorption in the same system show that for hydrogen-metal systems, reaction and diffractive scattering can be accurately described using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C-3 and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Rivière P, Salin A, Martín F. The role of molecular rotation in activated dissociative adsorption on metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:084706. [PMID: 16512735 DOI: 10.1063/1.2171256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of molecular rotation in dissociative adsorption of H2 on the activated NiAl(110) metal surface is systematically investigated by means of classical dynamics calculations performed on ab initio six-dimensional potential energy surfaces. The calculations show that molecules rotate abruptly when they are close to the surface and that this rotation allows the molecules to adopt the orientation that is more convenient for dissociation (i.e., nearly parallel to the surface). Also, in reactive sectors of the NiAl(110) unit cell, there is an "angular threshold" below which molecules cannot dissociate. This angular threshold goes down as the incidence energy increases, which explains the rise of the dissociation probability and the fact that it reaches a value close to 1 at incidence energies of the order of 2 eV. The fact that switching on molecular rotation favors dissociation establishes a competition between dissociation and rotational excitation of reflected molecules above the dissociation threshold. Measurements on rotational excitation might thus bring indirect evidence on the dissociation dynamics. Sample calculations for nonactivated Pd(111) and activated Cu(110) metal surfaces suggest that some of these conclusions may be of general validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rivière
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Rivière P, Busnengo HF, Martín F. Adsorption and scattering of H2 and D2 by NiAl(110). J Chem Phys 2005; 123:074705. [PMID: 16229608 DOI: 10.1063/1.1999588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present quasiclassical dynamics calculations of H2 and D2 scattering by the NiAl(110) surface using a recently proposed six-dimensional potential-energy surface (PES) obtained from density-functional theory calculations. The results for dissociative adsorption confirm several experimental predictions using (rotationally hot) D2 beams, namely, the existence of a dissociation barrier, the small isotopic effect, the importance of vibrational enhancement, and the existence of normal energy scaling. The latter conclusion shows that normal energy scaling is not necessarily associated with weak corrugated surfaces. The results for rotationally elastic and inelastic diffractions are also in reasonable agreement with experiment, but they show that many more diffractive transitions are responsible for the observed structures than previously assumed. This points to the validity of the PES recently proposed [P. Riviere, H. F. Busnengo, and F. Martin, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 751 (2004)] to describe dissociative adsorption as well as rotationally elastic and inelastic diffractions in the H2NiAl(110) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rivière
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Díaz C, Busnengo HF, Rivière P, Farías D, Nieto P, Somers MF, Kroes GJ, Salin A, Martín F. A classical dynamics method for H2 diffraction from metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:154706. [PMID: 15945655 DOI: 10.1063/1.1878613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a discretization method that allows one to interpret measurements on diffraction of diatomic molecules from solid surfaces using six-dimensional (6D) classical trajectory calculations. It has been applied to the D2NiAl(110) and H2Pd(111) systems (which are models for activated and nonactivated dissociative chemisorption, respectively) using realistic potential energy surfaces obtained from first principles. Comparisons with experimental results and 6D quantum dynamical calculations show that, in general, the method is able to predict the relative intensity of the most important diffraction peaks. We therefore conclude that classical mechanics can be an efficient guide for experimentalists in the search for the most significant diffraction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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