1
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Koller M, Jung F, Phrompao J, Zeppenfeld M, Rabey IM, Rempe G. Electric-Field-Controlled Cold Dipolar Collisions between Trapped CH_{3}F Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:203401. [PMID: 35657871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaching high densities is a key step toward cold-collision experiments with polyatomic molecules. We use a cryofuge to load up to 2×10^{7} CH_{3}F molecules into a boxlike electric trap, achieving densities up to 10^{7}/cm^{3} at temperatures around 350 mK where the elastic dipolar cross section exceeds 7×10^{-12} cm^{2}. We measure inelastic rate constants below 4×10^{-8} cm^{3}/s and control these by tuning a homogeneous electric field that covers a large fraction of the trap volume. Comparison to ab initio calculations gives excellent agreement with dipolar relaxation. Our techniques and findings are generic and immediately relevant for other cold-molecule collision experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Phrompao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Zeppenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I M Rabey
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Wu LY, Miossec C, Heazlewood BR. Low-temperature reaction dynamics of paramagnetic species in the gas phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3240-3254. [PMID: 35188499 PMCID: PMC8902758 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radicals are abundant in a range of important gas-phase environments. They are prevalent in the atmosphere, in interstellar space, and in combustion processes. As such, understanding how radicals react is essential for the development of accurate models of the complex chemistry occurring in these gas-phase environments. By controlling the properties of the colliding reactants, we can also gain insights into how radical reactions occur on a fundamental level. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in the breadth of experimental methods successfully applied to the study of reaction dynamics involving paramagnetic species-from improvements to the well-known crossed molecular beams approach to newer techniques involving magnetically guided and decelerated beams. Coupled with ever-improving theoretical methods, quantum features are being observed and interesting insights into reaction dynamics are being uncovered in an increasingly diverse range of systems. In this highlight article, we explore some of the exciting recent developments in the study of chemical dynamics involving paramagnetic species. We focus on low-energy reactive collisions involving neutral radical species, where the reaction parameters are controlled. We conclude by identifying some of the limitations of current methods and exploring possible new directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Yiu Wu
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Chloé Miossec
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Brianna R Heazlewood
- The Oliver Lodge, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
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3
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Aggarwal P, Yin Y, Esajas K, Bethlem HL, Boeschoten A, Borschevsky A, Hoekstra S, Jungmann K, Marshall VR, Meijknecht TB, Mooij MC, Timmermans RGE, Touwen A, Ubachs W, Willmann L. Deceleration and Trapping of SrF Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:173201. [PMID: 34739281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the electrostatic trapping of neutral SrF molecules. The molecules are captured from a cryogenic buffer-gas beam source into the moving traps of a 4.5-m-long traveling-wave Stark decelerator. The SrF molecules in X^{2}Σ^{+}(v=0,N=1) state are brought to rest as the velocity of the moving traps is gradually reduced from 190 m/s to zero. The molecules are held for up to 50 ms in multiple electric traps of the decelerator. The trapped packets have a volume (FWHM) of 1 mm^{3} and a velocity spread of 5(1) m/s, which corresponds to a temperature of 60(20) mK. Our result demonstrates a factor 3 increase in the molecular mass that has been Stark decelerated and trapped. Heavy molecules (mass>100 amu) offer a highly increased sensitivity to probe physics beyond the standard model. This work significantly extends the species of neutral molecules of which slow beams can be created for collision studies, precision measurement, and trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aggarwal
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Yin
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Esajas
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H L Bethlem
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Boeschoten
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Jungmann
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V R Marshall
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T B Meijknecht
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Mooij
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R G E Timmermans
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Touwen
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Willmann
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Huang J, Kendrick BK, Zhang DH. Mechanistic Insights into Ultracold Chemical Reactions under the Control of the Geometric Phase. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2160-2165. [PMID: 33626281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold chemical reactions involve collision temperatures approaching absolute zero, and for molecular systems that exhibit a barrierless and exoergic reaction path significant reactivity can occur. In addition, many molecules contain a conical intersection, and the associated geometric phase has been shown to significantly alter the outcome of ultracold reactions. Here we report a quantum dynamics study for the ultracold O + OH → H + O2 reaction. An analysis of the scattering wave functions reveals explicitly the nature of the quantum interference between the direct and looping reaction pathways around the conical intersection and thus illustrates how the reaction proceeds under the control of the geometric phase for the first time. The wave function analysis should generalize to other ultracold reactions that contain a conical intersection. Our findings indicate that quantum control techniques such as an optical lattice trap or the initial state orientation may be effective in controlling the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Brian K Kendrick
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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5
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Collisions between cold molecules in a superconducting magnetic trap. Nature 2019; 572:189-193. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Akerman N, Karpov M, Segev Y, Bibelnik N, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Trapping of Molecular Oxygen together with Lithium Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:073204. [PMID: 28949664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.073204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate simultaneous deceleration and trapping of a cold atomic and molecular mixture. This is the first step towards studies of cold atom-molecule collisions at low temperatures as well as application of sympathetic cooling. Both atoms and molecules are cooled in a supersonic expansion and are loaded into a moving magnetic trap that brings them to rest via the Zeeman interaction from an initial velocity of 375 m/s. We use a beam seeded with molecular oxygen, and entrain it with lithium atoms by laser ablation prior to deceleration. The deceleration ends with loading of the mixture into a static quadrupole trap, which is generated by two permanent magnets. We estimate 10^{9} trapped O_{2} molecules and 10^{5} Li atoms with background pressure limited lifetime on the order of 1 sec. With further improvements to lithium entrainment we expect that sympathetic cooling of molecules is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Akerman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Karpov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yair Segev
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Natan Bibelnik
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Julia Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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7
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Mathavan SC, Zapara A, Esajas Q, Hoekstra S. Deceleration of a Supersonic Beam of SrF Molecules to 120 m s
−1. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3709-3713. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C. Mathavan
- Van Swinderen Institute University of Groningen Zernikelaan 25 9747 AA Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Artem Zapara
- Van Swinderen Institute University of Groningen Zernikelaan 25 9747 AA Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Esajas
- Van Swinderen Institute University of Groningen Zernikelaan 25 9747 AA Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Steven Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute University of Groningen Zernikelaan 25 9747 AA Groningen The Netherlands
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8
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Balakrishnan N. Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:150901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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9
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Nourbakhsh O, Michan JM, Mittertreiner T, Carty D, Wrede E, Djuricanin P, Momose T. State purified deceleration of SD radicals by a Stark decelerator. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Hazra J, Kendrick BK, Balakrishnan N. Importance of Geometric Phase Effects in Ultracold Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12291-303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Hazra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Brian K. Kendrick
- Theoretical
Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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11
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Vogels SN, Gao Z, van de Meerakker SYT. Optimal beam sources for Stark decelerators in collision experiments: a tutorial review. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2015; 2:12. [PMID: 26269781 PMCID: PMC4527007 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-015-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the Stark deceleration technique, packets of molecules with a tunable velocity, a narrow velocity spread, and a high state purity can be produced. These tamed molecular beams find applications in high resolution spectroscopy, cold molecule trapping, and controlled scattering experiments. The quality and purity of the packets of molecules emerging from the decelerator critically depend on the specifications of the decelerator, but also on the characteristics of the molecular beam pulse with which the decelerator is loaded. We consider three frequently used molecular beam sources, and discuss their suitability for molecular beam deceleration experiments, in particular with the application in crossed beam scattering in mind. The performance of two valves in particular, the Nijmegen Pulsed Valve and the Jordan Valve, is illustrated by decelerating ND 3 molecules in a 2.6 meter-long Stark decelerator. We describe a protocol to characterize the valve, and to optimally load the pulse of molecules into the decelerator. We characterize the valves regarding opening time duration, optimal valve-to-skimmer distance, mean velocity, velocity spread, state purity, and relative intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd N Vogels
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, AJ Nijmegen, 6525 Netherlands
| | - Zhi Gao
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, AJ Nijmegen, 6525 Netherlands
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12
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Kendrick BK, Hazra J, Balakrishnan N. The geometric phase controls ultracold chemistry. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7918. [PMID: 26224326 PMCID: PMC4532881 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometric phase is shown to control the outcome of an ultracold chemical reaction. The control is a direct consequence of the sign change on the interference term between two scattering pathways (direct and looping), which contribute to the reactive collision process in the presence of a conical intersection (point of degeneracy between two Born-Oppenheimer electronic potential energy surfaces). The unique properties of the ultracold energy regime lead to an effective quantization of the scattering phase shift enabling maximum constructive or destructive interference between the two pathways. By taking the O+OH→H+O2 reaction as an illustrative example, it is shown that inclusion of the geometric phase modifies ultracold reaction rates by nearly two orders of magnitude. Interesting experimental control possibilities include the application of external electric and magnetic fields that might be used to exploit the geometric phase effect reported here and experimentally switch on or off the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Kendrick
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jisha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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13
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Abstract
The field of cold molecules has become an important source of new insight in fundamental chemistry and molecular physics. High-resolution spectroscopy benefits from translationally and internally cold molecules by increased interaction times and reduced spectral congestion. Completely new effects in scattering dynamics become accessible with cold and controlled molecules. Many of these experiments use molecular beams as a starting point for the generation of molecular samples. This review gives an overview of methods to produce beams of cold molecules, starting from supersonic expansions or effusive sources, and provides examples of applications in spectroscopy and molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jankunas
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Lu HI, Kozyryev I, Hemmerling B, Piskorski J, Doyle JM. Magnetic trapping of molecules via optical loading and magnetic slowing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113006. [PMID: 24702363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium monofluoride (CaF) is magnetically slowed and trapped using optical pumping. Starting from a collisionally cooled slow beam, CaF with an initial velocity of ∼ 30 m/s is slowed via magnetic forces as it enters a 800 mK deep magnetic trap. Employing two-stage optical pumping, CaF is irreversibly loaded into the trap via two scattered photons. We observe a trap lifetime exceeding 500 ms limited by background collisions. This method paves the way for cooling and magnetic trapping of chemically diverse molecules without closed cycling transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Lu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Julia Piskorski
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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15
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Abstract
Over the past decade, and particularly the past five years, a quiet revolution has been building at the border between atomic physics and experimental quantum chemistry. The rapid development of techniques for producing cold and even ultracold molecules without a perturbing rare-gas cluster shell is now enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel. Moreover, the ability to perform these experiments with nonthermal distributions comprising one or a few specific states enables the observation and even full control of state-to-state collision rates in this computation-friendly regime: This is perhaps the most elementary study possible of scattering and reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Stuhl
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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16
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Farhat A, Marques M, Abdul-Al S. Ab initio calculations of the ground and excited states of the YN molecule including spin–orbit effects. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Pradhan GB, Juanes-Marcos JC, Balakrishnan N, Kendrick BK. Chemical reaction versus vibrational quenching in low energy collisions of vibrationally excited OH with O. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194305. [PMID: 24320324 DOI: 10.1063/1.4830398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum scattering calculations are reported for state-to-state vibrational relaxation and reactive scattering in O + OH(v = 2 - 3, j = 0) collisions on the electronically adiabatic ground state (2)A'' potential energy surface of the HO2 molecule. The time-independent Schrödinger equation in hyperspherical coordinates is solved to determine energy dependent probabilities and cross sections over collision energies ranging from ultracold to 0.35 eV and for total angular momentum quantum number J = 0. A J-shifting approximation is then used to compute initial state selected reactive rate coefficients in the temperature range T = 1 - 400 K. Results are found to be in reasonable agreement with available quasiclassical trajectory calculations. Results indicate that rate coefficients for O2 formation increase with increasing the OH vibrational level except at low and ultralow temperatures where OH(v = 0) exhibits a slightly different trend. It is found that vibrational relaxation of OH in v = 2 and v = 3 vibrational levels is dominated by a multi-quantum process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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18
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González-Martínez ML, Hutson JM. Ultracold hydrogen atoms: a versatile coolant to produce ultracold molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203004. [PMID: 24289682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that ultracold hydrogen atoms have very favorable properties for sympathetic cooling of molecules to microkelvin temperatures. We calculate the potential energy surfaces for spin-polarized interactions of H atoms with the prototype molecules NH(3Σ-) and OH(2Π) and show that they are shallow (50 to 80 cm(-1)) and only weakly anisotropic. We carry out quantum collision calculations on H+NH and H+OH and show that the ratio of elastic to inelastic cross sections is high enough to allow sympathetic cooling from temperatures well over 1 K for NH and around 250 mK for OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel L González-Martínez
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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20
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Stuhl BK, Yeo M, Hummon MT, Ye J. Electric-field-induced inelastic collisions between magnetically trapped hydroxyl radicals. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.793838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Stuhl
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Mark Yeo
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Matthew T. Hummon
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Jun Ye
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
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21
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Kirste M, Wang X, Meijer G, Gubbels KB, van der Avoird A, Groenenboom GC, van de Meerakker SYT. Communication: Magnetic dipole transitions in the OH A 2Σ+ ← X 2Π system. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:101102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4751475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Nesbitt DJ. Toward State-to-State Dynamics in Ultracold Collisions: Lessons from High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Weakly Bound Molecular Complexes. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5062-72. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Nesbitt
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
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23
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Baranov MA, Dalmonte M, Pupillo G, Zoller P. Condensed Matter Theory of Dipolar Quantum Gases. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5012-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2003568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Baranov
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- RRC “Kurchatov Institute”,
Kurchatov Square 1, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Dalmonte
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università
di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Pupillo
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR
7504), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - P. Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Hutzler NR, Lu HI, Doyle JM. The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4803-27. [PMID: 22571401 DOI: 10.1021/cr200362u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Hsin-I Lu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - John M. Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
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25
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van de Meerakker SYT, Bethlem HL, Vanhaecke N, Meijer G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4828-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Institute for Lasers, Life and
Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam,
De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université Paris-Sud,
91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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26
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Barry JF, Shuman ES, Norrgard EB, DeMille D. Laser radiation pressure slowing of a molecular beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:103002. [PMID: 22463406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate deceleration of a beam of neutral strontium monofluoride molecules using radiative forces. Under certain conditions, the deceleration results in a substantial flux of detected molecules with velocities ≲50 m/s. Simulations and other data indicate that the detection of molecules below this velocity is greatly diminished by transverse divergence from the beam. The observed slowing, from ∼140 m/s, corresponds to scattering ≳10(4) photons. We also observe longitudinal velocity compression under different conditions. Combined with molecular laser cooling techniques, this lays the groundwork to create slow and cold molecular beams suitable for trap loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Barry
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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27
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Englert BGU, Mielenz M, Sommer C, Bayerl J, Motsch M, Pinkse PWH, Rempe G, Zeppenfeld M. Storage and adiabatic cooling of polar molecules in a microstructured trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:263003. [PMID: 22243155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile electric trap for the exploration of a wide range of quantum phenomena in the interaction between polar molecules. The trap combines tunable fields, homogeneous over most of the trap volume, with steep gradient fields at the trap boundary. An initial sample of up to 10(8), CH(3)F molecules is trapped for as long as 60 s, with a 1/e storage time of 12 s. Adiabatic cooling down to 120 mK is achieved by slowly expanding the trap volume. The trap combines all ingredients for opto-electrical cooling, which, together with the extraordinarily long storage times, brings field-controlled quantum-mechanical collision and reaction experiments within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G U Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Wall TE, Kanem JF, Dyne JM, Hudson JJ, Sauer BE, Hinds EA, Tarbutt MR. Stark deceleration of CaF molecules in strong- and weak-field seeking states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18991-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Lu HI, Rasmussen J, Wright MJ, Patterson D, Doyle JM. A cold and slow molecular beam. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18986-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Barry JF, Shuman ES, DeMille D. A bright, slow cryogenic molecular beam source for free radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18936-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Hogan SD, Motsch M, Merkt F. Deceleration of supersonic beams using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18705-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Schnell M, Meijer G. Cold Molecules: Preparation, Applications, and Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6010-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Schnell M, Meijer G. Kalte Moleküle: Herstellung, Anwendungen und Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Raizen
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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35
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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36
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37
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Auzinsh M, Dashevskaya EI, Litvin I, Nikitin EE, Troe J. Lambda-doublet specificity in the low-temperature capture of NO(X Π21/2) in low rotational states by C+ ions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:014304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3043365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Tarbutt MR, Hudson JJ, Sauer BE, Hinds EA. Prospects for measuring the electric dipole moment of the electron using electrically trapped polar molecules. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:37-56; discussion 93-111. [DOI: 10.1039/b820625b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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van de Meerakker SYT, Meijer G. Collision experiments with Stark-decelerated beams. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:113-26; discussion 221-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b819721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Kay JJ, van de Meerakker SYT, Strecker KE, Chandler DW. Production of cold ND3 by kinematic cooling. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:143-53; discussion 221-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b819256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Ni KK, Ospelkaus S, Nesbitt DJ, Ye J, Jin DS. A dipolar gas of ultracold molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:9626-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b911779b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Tacconi M, Gianturco FA. Translational cooling versus vibrational quenching in ultracold OH[sup −]–Rb collisions: A quantum assessment. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:094301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3192101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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43
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Hogan SD, Wiederkehr AW, Schmutz H, Merkt F. Magnetic trapping of hydrogen after multistage Zeeman deceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:143001. [PMID: 18851525 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental realization of magnetic trapping of a sample of cold radicals following multistage Zeeman deceleration of a pulsed supersonic beam. H atoms seeded in a supersonic expansion of Kr have been decelerated from an initial velocity of 520 m/s to 100 m/s in a 12-stage Zeeman decelerator and loaded into a magnetic quadrupole trap by rapidly switching the fields of the trap solenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Hogan
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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44
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Gorshkov AV, Rabl P, Pupillo G, Micheli A, Zoller P, Lukin MD, Büchler HP. Suppression of inelastic collisions between polar molecules with a repulsive shield. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:073201. [PMID: 18764530 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a technique that allows one to suppress inelastic collisions and simultaneously enhance elastic interactions between cold polar molecules. The main idea is to cancel the leading dipole-dipole interaction with a suitable combination of static electric and microwave fields in such a way that the remaining van der Waals-type potential forms a three-dimensional repulsive shield. We analyze the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections relevant for evaporative cooling of polar molecules and discuss the prospect for the creation of stable crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gorshkov
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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45
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Auzinsh M, Dashevskaya EI, Litvin I, Nikitin EE, Troe J. Nonadiabatic transitions between lambda-doubling states in the capture of a diatomic molecule by an ion. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:184304. [PMID: 18532809 DOI: 10.1063/1.2913519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-energy capture of a dipolar diatomic molecule in an adiabatically isolated electronic state with a good quantum number Omega (Hund's coupling case a) by an ion occurs adiabatically with respect to rotational transitions of the diatom. However, the capture dynamics may be nonadiabatic with respect to transitions between the pair of the Lambda-doubling states belonging to the same value of the intrinsic angular momentum j. In this work, nonadiabatic transition probabilities are calculated which define the Lambda-doubling j-specific capture rate coefficients. It is shown that the transition from linear to quadratic Stark effect in the ion-dipole interaction, which damps the T(-1/2) divergence of the capture rate coefficient calculated with vanishing Lambda-doubling splitting, occurs in the adiabatic regime with respect to transitions between Lambda-doubling adiabatic channel potentials. This allows one to suggest simple analytical expressions for the rate coefficients in the temperature range which covers the region between the sudden and the adiabatic limits with respect to the Lambda-doubling states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Auzinsh
- Department of Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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46
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Kollath C, Meyer JS, Giamarchi T. Dipolar bosons in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:130403. [PMID: 18517922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate bosonic atoms or molecules interacting via dipolar interactions in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation in which the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the tubes by an external field. We find various quantum phases reaching from a "sliding Luttinger liquid" phase to a two-dimensional charge density wave ordered phase. Two different kinds of charge density wave order occur: a stripe phase in which the bosons in different tubes are aligned and a checkerboard phase. We further point out how to distinguish the occurring phases experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kollath
- DPMC-MaNEP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland and Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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47
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Narevicius E, Libson A, Parthey CG, Chavez I, Narevicius J, Even U, Raizen MG. Stopping supersonic beams with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: an atomic coilgun. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:093003. [PMID: 18352704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the stopping of an atomic beam, using a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils. We use a supersonic beam of metastable neon created in a gas discharge as a monochromatic source of paramagnetic atoms. A series of coils is fired in a timed sequence to bring the atoms to near rest, where they are detected on a microchannel plate. Applications to fundamental problems in physics and chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvardas Narevicius
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1081, USA
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48
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Morigi G, Pinkse PWH, Kowalewski M, de Vivie-Riedle R. Cavity cooling of internal molecular motion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:073001. [PMID: 17930891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We predict that it is possible to cool rotational, vibrational, and translational degrees of freedom of molecules by coupling a molecular dipole transition to an optical cavity. The dynamics is numerically simulated for a realistic set of experimental parameters using OH molecules. The results show that the translational motion is cooled to a few muK and the internal state is prepared in one of the two ground states of the two decoupled rotational ladders in a few seconds. Shorter cooling times are expected for molecules with larger polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morigi
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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49
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Sawyer BC, Lev BL, Hudson ER, Stuhl BK, Lara M, Bohn JL, Ye J. Magnetoelectrostatic trapping of ground state OH molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:253002. [PMID: 17678020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report magnetic confinement of neutral, ground state OH at a density of approximately 3 x 10(3) cm(-3) and temperature of approximately 30 mK. An adjustable electric field sufficiently large to polarize the OH is superimposed on the trap in various geometries, making an overall potential arising from both Zeeman and Stark effects. An effective molecular Hamiltonian is constructed, with Monte Carlo simulations accurately modeling the observed single-molecule dynamics in various trap configurations. Magnetic trapping of cold polar molecules under adjustable electric fields may enable study of low energy dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Sawyer
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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50
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Schnell M, Lützow P, Veldhoven JV, Bethlem HL, Küpper J, Friedrich B, Schleier-Smith M, Haak H, Meijer G. A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7411-9. [PMID: 17566990 DOI: 10.1021/jp070902n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A linear AC trap for polar molecules in high-field seeking states has been devised and implemented, and its characteristics have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The trap is loaded with slow 15ND3 molecules in their ground state (para-ammonia) from a Stark decelerator. The trap's geometry offers optimal access as well as improved loading. We present measurements of the dependence of the trap's performance on the switching frequency, which exhibit a characteristic structure due to nonlinear resonance effects. The molecules are found to oscillate in the trap under the influence of the trapping forces, which were analyzed using 3D numerical simulations. On the basis of expansion measurements, molecules with a velocity and a position spread of 2.1 m/s and 0.4 mm, respectively, are still accepted by the trap. This corresponds to a temperature of 2.0 mK. From numerical simulations, we find the phase-space volume that can be confined by the trap (the acceptance) to be 50 mm3 (m/s)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schnell
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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