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Bignoli F, Djemia P, Terraneo G, Abadias G, Gammer C, Lassnig A, Teixeira CA, Lee S, Ahmadian A, Li Bassi A, Faurie D, Ghidelli M. Novel Class of Crystal/Glass Ultrafine Nanolaminates with Large and Tunable Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35686-35696. [PMID: 38935746 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The control of local heterogeneities in metallic glasses (MGs) represents an emerging field to improve their plasticity, preventing the propagation of catastrophic shear bands (SBs) responsible for the macroscopically brittle failure. To date, a nanoengineered approach aimed at finely tuning local heterogeneities controlling SB nucleation and propagation is still missing, hindering the potential to develop MGs with large and tunable strength/ductility balance and controlled deformation behavior. In this work, we exploited the potential of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to synthesize a novel class of crystal/glass ultrafine nanolaminates (U-NLs) in which a ∼4 nm thick crystalline Al separates 6 and 9 nm thick Zr50Cu50 glass nanolayers, while reporting a high density of sharp interfaces and large chemical intermixing. In addition, we tune the morphology by synthesizing compact and nanogranular U-NLs, exploiting, respectively, atom-by-atom or cluster-assembled growth regimes. For compact U-NLs, we report high mass density (∼8.35 g/cm3) and enhanced and tunable mechanical behavior, reaching maximum values of hardness and yield strength of up to 9.3 and 3.6 GPa, respectively. In addition, we show up to 3.6% homogeneous elastoplastic deformation in compression as a result of SB blocking by the Al-rich sublayers. On the other hand, nanogranular U-NLs exhibit slightly lower yield strength (3.4 GPa) in combination with enhanced elastoplastic deformation (∼6%) followed by the formation of superficial SBs, which are not percolative even at deformations exceeding 15%, as a result of the larger free volume content within the cluster-assembled structure and the presence of crystal/glass nanointerfaces, enabling to accommodate SB events. Overall, we show how PLD enables the synthesis of crystal/glass U-NLs with ultimate control of local heterogeneities down to the atomic scale, providing new nanoengineered strategies capable of deep control of the deformation behavior, surpassing traditional trade-off between strength and ductility. Our approach can be extended to other combinations of metallic materials with clear interest for industrial applications such as structural coatings and microelectronics (MEMS and NEMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bignoli
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio Materiali Micro e Nanostrutturati, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Philippe Djemia
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gregory Abadias
- Institut Pprime, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Christoph Gammer
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Alice Lassnig
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Camila A Teixeira
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Subin Lee
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ali Ahmadian
- INT Institute of Nanotechnologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea Li Bassi
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio Materiali Micro e Nanostrutturati, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Damien Faurie
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Matteo Ghidelli
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang Q, Lu A, Chen Z, Yang Z, Luan J, Su R, Guan P, Yang Y. Intrinsic tensile ductility in strain hardening multiprincipal element metallic glass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400200121. [PMID: 38662550 PMCID: PMC11067058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional metallic glasses (MGs), based on one or two principal elements, are notoriously known for their lack of tensile ductility at room temperature. Here, we developed a multiprincipal element MG (MPEMG), which exhibits a gigapascal yield strength, significant strain hardening that almost doubles its yield strength, and 2% uniform tensile ductility at room temperature. These remarkable properties stem from the heterogeneous amorphous structure of our MPEMG, which is composed of atoms with significant size mismatch but similar atomic fractions. In sharp contrast to traditional MGs, shear banding in our glass triggers local elemental segregation and subsequent ordering, which transforms shear softening to hardening, hence resulting in shear-band self-halting and extensive plastic flows. Our findings reveal a promising pathway to design stronger, more ductile glasses that can be applied in a wide range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anliang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
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Wu G, Liu C, Yan YQ, Liu S, Ma X, Yue S, Shan ZW. Elemental partitioning-mediated crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation under quasi-static deformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1223. [PMID: 38336946 PMCID: PMC10858257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation induced plasticity phenomenon occurs when one phase transforms to another one during plastic deformation, which is usually diffusionless. Here we present elemental partitioning-mediated crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation during quasi-static plastic deformation, in an alloy in form of a Cr-Ni-Co (crystalline)/Zr-Ti-Nb-Hf-Ni-Co (amorphous) nanolaminated composite, where the constitute elements of the two phases have large negative mixing enthalpy. Upon plastic deformation, atomic intermixing occurs between adjacent amorphous and crystalline phases due to extensive rearrangement of atoms at the interfaces. The large negative mixing enthalpy among the constituent elements promotes amorphous phase transformation of the original crystalline phase, which shows different composition and short-range-order structure compared with the other amorphous phase. The reduced size of the crystalline phase shortens mean-free-path of dislocations, facilitating strain hardening. The enthalpy-guided alloy design based on crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation opens up an avenue for the development of crystal-glass composite alloys with ultrahigh strength and large plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wu
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Yan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Sida Liu
- Laboratory for multiscale mechanics and medical science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Laboratory for multiscale mechanics and medical science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shengying Yue
- Laboratory for multiscale mechanics and medical science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
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Chen Q, Guo L, Di H, Qi Z, Wang Z, Song Z, Zhang L, Hu L, Wang W. Nanoscale Oxygenous Heterogeneity in FePC Glass for Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalytic Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304045. [PMID: 37736679 PMCID: PMC10625099 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glass, with its unique disordered atomic structure and high density of low-coordination sites, is regarded as the most competitive new catalyst for environmental catalysis. However, the efficiency and stability of metallic glass catalysts are often affected by their atomic configuration. Thus, the design and regulation of the nanoscale structure of metallic glasses to improve their catalytic efficiency and stability remains a challenge. Herein, a non-noble component, Fe75 P15 C10 amorphous ribbon, is used as a precursor to fabricate a hierarchical gradient catalyst with nanoscale heterogeneous and oxygenous amorphous structure by simple annealing and acid-immersing. The resulting catalyst offers an ultrahigh catalytic ability of kSA• C0 = 3101 mg m-2 min-1 and excellent reusability of 39 times without efficiency decay in dye wastewater degradation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the excellent catalytic performance of the catalyst can be attributed to its unique heterogeneous nanoglass structure, which induces oxygen atoms. Compared to the FePC structure, the FeP/FePCO structure exhibits strong charge transferability, and the energy barrier of the rate-determining steps of the conversion of S2 O8 2- to SO4 -• is reduced from 2.52 to 0.97 eV. This study reveals that a heterogeneous nanoglass structure is a new strategy for obtaining high catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Lingyu Guo
- School of Transportation and Logistics EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430063China
| | - Haoxiang Di
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Ziqi Song
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Laichang Zhang
- School of EngineeringEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup Drive, JoondalupPerthWA6027Australia
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
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Wieczerzak K, Groetsch A, Pajor K, Jain M, Müller AM, Vockenhuber C, Schwiedrzik J, Sharma A, Klimashin FF, Michler J. Unlocking the Potential of CuAgZr Metallic Glasses: A Comprehensive Exploration with Combinatorial Synthesis, High-Throughput Characterization, and Machine Learning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302997. [PMID: 37740703 PMCID: PMC10625089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the CuAgZr metallic glasses (MGs) are investigated, a promising material for biomedical applications due to their high strength, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. Using an integrated approach of combinatorial synthesis, high-throughput characterization, and machine learning (ML), the mechanical properties of CuAgZr MGs are efficiently explored. The investigation find that post-deposition oxidation in inter-columnar regions with looser packing causes high oxygen content in Cu-rich regions, significantly affecting the alloys' mechanical behavior. The study also reveals that nanoscale structural features greatly impact plastic yielding and flow in the alloys. ML algorithms are tested, and the multi-layer perceptron algorithm produced satisfactory predictions for the alloys' hardness of untested alloys, providing valuable clues for future research. The work demonstrates the potential of using combinatorial synthesis, high-throughput characterization, and ML techniques to facilitate the development of new MGs with improved strength and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wieczerzak
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92617USA
| | - Krzysztof Pajor
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer ScienceAGH University of Science and TechnologyAl. Mickiewicza 30Krakow30059Poland
| | - Manish Jain
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)KensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Arnold M. Müller
- Laboratory of Ion Beam PhysicsETH ZurichSchafmattstrasse 20ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
| | - Christof Vockenhuber
- Laboratory of Ion Beam PhysicsETH ZurichSchafmattstrasse 20ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
| | - Amit Sharma
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
| | - Fedor F. Klimashin
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39ThunCH‐3602Switzerland
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Kim JH, Yoo GH, Ryu WH, Park ES, Lee GH. Fatigue-Induced Surface Modification of Zr-Based Metallic Glass under Environmental Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41256-41265. [PMID: 36406584 PMCID: PMC9670298 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glass (MG), an intrinsic heterogeneous structure at the atomic scale, is one of the promising engineering materials with intriguing physical properties. MG often suffers from the fatigue issue caused by the repetitive mechanical loading, but it is still elusive how the local heterogeneity evolves and affects the macroscale fatigue and deformation against bulky external stress. In this study, we investigate the fatigue effect in Zr-Cu-Al ribbon using a bending fatigue method. We used scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in parallel with X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to figure out the loading effect on the local heterogeneities. The spatially resolved SPM images show that there is a local fluctuation of mechanical and electrical properties on the fatigued side along with morphological deformation compared to the unloaded side. Approaching the broken edge where the fatigue failure occurs, the decaying tendency is not only more dominant but also accelerated by surface oxidation of the fatigued regions. Our study provides a useful guideline on how to monitor structural changes of MGs under fatigue conditions in service and will open a door toward commercialization of high-performance structural engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Yoo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Wook Ha Ryu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
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Liang T, Yu Q, Yin Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Lou H, Shen B, Zeng Z, Zeng Q. Spatial Resolution Limit for Nanoindentation Mapping on Metallic Glasses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6319. [PMID: 36143630 PMCID: PMC9505929 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity, as a crucial structural feature, has been intensively studied in metallic glasses (MGs) using various techniques, including two-dimensional nanoindentation mapping. However, the limiting spatial resolution of nanoindentation mapping on MGs remains unexplored. In this study, a comprehensive study on four representative MGs using nanoindentation mapping with a Berkovich indenter was carried out by considering the influence of a normalized indentation spacing d/h (indentation spacing/maximum indentation depth). It appeared to have no significant correlation with the measured hardness and elastic modulus when d/h > 10. The hardness and elastic modulus started to increase slightly (up to ~5%) when d/h < 10 and further started to decrease obviously when d/h < 5. The mechanism behind these phenomena was discussed based on a morphology analysis of residual indents using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the highest spatial resolution of ~200 nm could be achieved with d/h = 10 using a typical Berkovich indenter for nanoindentation mapping on MGs, which was roughly ten times the curvature radius of the Berkovich indenter tip (not an ideal triangular pyramid) used in this study. These results help to promote the heterogeneity studies of MGs using nanoindentation that are capable of covering a wide range of length scales with reliable and consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziliang Yin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songyi Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbo Lou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baolong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhidan Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
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Katakareddi G, Yedla N. The effect of loading methods on the microstructural evolution and degree of strain localization in Cu50Zr50 metallic glass composite nanowires: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 115:108216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reddy KV, Pal S. Recreating the shear band evolution in nanoscale metallic glass by mimicking the atomistic rolling deformation: a molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:220. [PMID: 34232386 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rolling processes are extensively used to induce network of shear bands (SBs) in the bulk metallic glasses, which in turn enhances the overall plasticity of the specimen. However, the atomic-level understanding of shear band formation/propagation mechanism during mechanical processing is still limited. In this perspective, we have developed a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation model to recreate the rolling deformation process and investigate the SB formation in Cu-Zr metallic glass (MG) specimen. Results have shown that dense and concentrated primary SBs along with secondary branching are formed during cryo-rolling, whereas a scattered and thicker SBs are formed during hot rolling process. Meanwhile, Voronoi cluster analysis revealed that the high five-fold symmetry clusters tend to decrease, while the crystalline-like cluster increases during the hot rolling process. These findings from the study are in good agreement with previous experimental studies substantiated in literature, which shows that the model correctly predicts the shear-banding phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijay Reddy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Snehanshu Pal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India. .,Centre for Nanomaterials, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Gunti A, Jana PP, Lee MH, Das J. Effect of Cold Rolling on the Evolution of Shear Bands and Nanoindentation Hardness in Zr 41.2Ti 13.8Cu 12.5Ni 10Be 22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071670. [PMID: 34201987 PMCID: PMC8307797 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cold rolling on the evolution of hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) on the rolling-width (RW), normal-rolling (NR), and normal-width (NW) planes in Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vitreloy 1) bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated systematically using nanoindentation at peak loads in the range of 50 mN–500 mN. The hardness at specimen surface varied with cold rolling percentage (%) and the variation is similar on RW and NR planes at all the different peak loads, whereas the same is insignificant for the core region of the specimen on the NW plane. Three-dimensional (3D) optical surface profilometry studies on the NR plane suggest that the shear band spacing decreases and shear band offset height increases with the increase of cold rolling extent. Meanwhile, the number of the pop-in events during loading for all the planes reduces with the increase of cold rolling extent pointing to more homogeneous deformation upon rolling. Calorimetric studies were performed to correlate the net free volume content and hardness in the differently cold rolled specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Gunti
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; (A.G.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Parijat Pallab Jana
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; (A.G.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Min-Ha Lee
- KITECH North America, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, San Jose, CA 95134, USA;
| | - Jayanta Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; (A.G.); (P.P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-3222-283284; Fax: +91-3222-282280
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Comby-Dassonneville S, Venot T, Borroto A, Longin E, der Loughian C, Ter Ovanessian B, Leroy MA, Pierson JF, Steyer P. ZrCuAg Thin-Film Metallic Glasses: Toward Biostatic Durable Advanced Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17062-17074. [PMID: 33788535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combinatorial approach has served as a high-throughput strategy to identify compositional windows with optimized desired properties. Here, ZrCuAg thin-film metallic glasses were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. For the purpose of using these coatings as biomedical surfaces, their durability in terms of mechanical and physicochemical properties as well as antibacterial properties were characterized. The effect of the chemical composition of thin films was studied. In particular, two key parameters were highlighted: the atomic ratio of Zr/Cu (with three values of 65/35, 50/50, and 35/65) and the silver content (from 1 to 16 at. %). All thin films are XRD amorphous and exhibit a typical veinlike pattern, which is characteristic of metallic glasses. They also show a dense and smooth surface and a hydrophobic behavior. Mechanical properties are found to be deeply influenced by the Zr/Cu ratio and the atomic structure. Although a low Zr/Cu ratio and/or a high silver content is detrimental to corrosion behavior, it favors the bactericidal effect of thin films. For all Zr/Cu ratios, ZrCuAg thin-film metallic glasses with silver contents higher than 12 at % are fully bactericidal. For lower silver contents, the bactericidal effect progressively decreases, which paves the way for a biostatic behavior of these surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothée Venot
- IREIS, Groupe HEF, ZI Sud - Avenue Benoit Fourneyron, 42160 Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France
| | | | - Eva Longin
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Alix Leroy
- IREIS, Groupe HEF, ZI Sud - Avenue Benoit Fourneyron, 42160 Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France
| | | | - Philippe Steyer
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Abstract
Compared with traditional crystalline materials, amorphous alloys have excellent corrosion and wear resistance and high elastic modulus, due to their unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic arrangement as well as absence of defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations. Owing to the limitation of the bulk size of amorphous alloys as structural materials, the application as functional coatings can widely extend their use in various engineering fields. This review first briefly introduces the problems involved during high temperature preparation processes of amorphous coatings, including laser cladding and thermal spraying. Cold spray (CS) is characterized by a low-temperature solid-state deposition, and thus the oxidation and crystallization related with a high temperature environment can be avoided during the formation of coatings. Therefore, CS has unique advantages in the preparation of fully amorphous alloy coatings. The research status of Fe-, Al-, Ni-, and Zr-based amorphous alloy coatings and amorphous composite coatings are reviewed. The influence of CS process parameters, and powders and substrate conditions on the microstructure, hardness, as well as wear and corrosion resistance of amorphous coatings is analyzed. Meanwhile, the deposition mechanism of amorphous alloy coatings is discussed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the key issues involved in the preparation of amorphous alloy coatings via CS technology are summarized, and the future development is also being prospected.
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13
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Mandal S, Lee DE, Park T. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of (Cu 60Zr 25Ti 15) 99.3Nb 0.7 bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10577. [PMID: 32601312 PMCID: PMC7324395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the crystallization kinetics of (Cu60Zr25Ti15)99.3Nb0.7 bulk metallic glass under isothermal conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been employed for isothermal annealing at ten different temperatures prior to the onset of crystallization (To) temperature. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used to confirm the amorphous structure of the as cast sample. Crystallized volume fractions (x) are calculated from the exothermic peaks of DSC scans. Crystallized volume fractions (x) against time show sigmoidal type of curves as well as the curves become steeper at higher annealing temperatures. Continuous heating transformation diagram has been simulated to understand the stability of the bulk metallic glass. Crystallization kinetics parameters are calculated using Arrhenius and Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equations. Activation energy (Ea) and Avrami exponential factor (n) have exhibited strong correlation with crystallized volume fraction (x). The average activation energy for isothermal crystallization is found to be 330 ± 30 kJ/mol by Arrhenius equation. Nucleation activation energy (Enucleation) is found to be higher than that of growth activation energy (Egrowth). The Avrami exponential factor (n) indicates about the diffusion controlled mechanism of the nucleation and three-dimensional growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Mandal
- Intelligent Construction Automation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taejoon Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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14
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He S, Li Y, Liu L, Jiang Y, Feng J, Zhu W, Zhang J, Dong Z, Deng Y, Luo J, Zhang W, Chen G. Semiconductor glass with superior flexibility and high room temperature thermoelectric performance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8423. [PMID: 32300660 PMCID: PMC7148084 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Most crystalline inorganic materials, except for metals and some layer materials, exhibit bad flexibility because of strong ionic or covalent bonds, while amorphous materials usually display poor electrical properties due to structural disorders. Here, we report the simultaneous realization of extraordinary room temperature flexibility and thermoelectric performance in Ag2Te1-x S x -based materials through amorphization. The coexistence of amorphous main phase and crystallites results in exceptional flexibility and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the flexible Ag2Te0.6S0.4 glass exhibits a degenerate semiconductor behavior with a room temperature Hall mobility of ~750 cm2 V-1 s-1 at a carrier concentration of 8.6 × 1018 cm-3, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than other amorphous materials, leading to a thermoelectric power factor also an order of magnitude higher than the best amorphous thermoelectric materials known. The in-plane prototype uni-leg thermoelectric generator made from this material demonstrates its potential for flexible thermoelectric device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zirui Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Corresponding author. (J.L.); (W. Zhang); (G.C.)
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Guangdong Provincial Key-Lab for Computational Science and Materials Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author. (J.L.); (W. Zhang); (G.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.L.); (W. Zhang); (G.C.)
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15
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Abstract
Recent experimental studies revealed the presence of Volterra dislocation-type long-range elastic strain/stress field around a shear band (SB) terminated in a bulk metallic glass (BMG). The corollary from this finding is that shear bands can interact with these stress fields. In other words, the mutual behaviour of SBs should be affected by their stress fields superimposed with the external stresses. In order to verify this suggestion, the topography of the regions surrounding SBs terminated in the BMGs was carefully analysed. The surfaces of several BMGs, deformed by compression and indentation, were investigated with a high spatial resolution by means of scanning white-light interferometry (SWLI). Along with the evidence for the interaction between SBs, different scenarios of the SB propagation have been observed. Specifically, the SB path deviation, mutual blocking, and deflection of SBs were revealed along with the significant differences between the topologies of the mode II (in-plane) and mode III (out of plane) SBs. While the type II shear manifests a linear propagation path and a monotonically increasing shear offset, the type III shear is associated with a curved, segmented path and a non-monotonically varying shear offset. The systematic application of the “classic” elastic Volterra’s theory of dislocations to the behaviour of SBs in BMGs provides new insight into the widely reported experimental phenomena concerning the SB morphology, which is further detailed in the present work.
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16
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Strain-hardening and suppression of shear-banding in rejuvenated bulk metallic glass. Nature 2020; 578:559-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Yu L, Wang TC. Generalized Mohr-Coulomb strain criterion for bulk metallic glasses under complex compressive loading. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12554. [PMID: 31467352 PMCID: PMC6715711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) stress criterion is widely applied to describe the pressure sensitivity of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). However, this criterion is incapable of predicting the variation in fracture angles under different loading modes. Moreover, the M-C criterion cannot describe the plastic fracture of BMGs under compressive loading because the nominal stress of most BMGs remains unchanged after the materials yield. Based on these limitations, we propose a new generalized M-C strain criterion and apply it to analyze the fracture behaviors of two typical Zr-based BMG round bar specimens under complex compressive loading. In this case, the predicted initial yielding stress is in good agreement with the experimental results. The theoretical results can also describe the critical shear strain and fracture angle of BMGs that are associated with the deformation mode.
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18
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Zhang Q, Li QK, Zhao SF, Wang WH, Li M. Structural characteristics in deformation mechanism transformation in nanoscale metallic glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:455401. [PMID: 31342932 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deformation of metallic glasses is closely related to their microstructures which depend on the composition, processing method, and the size of the materials. This subtle structure-property relation is fairly complex and remains to be explored. Here, we scrutinize the microstructural evolution in relation to the mechanical properties in metallic glass nanowires with the same composition and size but subtle microstructural differences by controlling the preparing process using molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest that a structural threshold exists for the transformation of deformation mechanisms in metallic glasses: when the structural feature exceeds the threshold, the deformation changes from homogeneous flow to shear localized deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Qian Xuesen laboratory of Space Technology, NO. 104 Youyi Road, Haidian district, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
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19
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Idrissi H, Ghidelli M, Béché A, Turner S, Gravier S, Blandin JJ, Raskin JP, Schryvers D, Pardoen T. Atomic-scale viscoplasticity mechanisms revealed in high ductility metallic glass films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13426. [PMID: 31530850 PMCID: PMC6749058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental plasticity mechanisms in thin freestanding Zr65Ni35 metallic glass films are investigated in order to unravel the origin of an outstanding strength/ductility balance. The deformation process is homogenous until fracture with no evidence of catastrophic shear banding. The creep/relaxation behaviour of the films was characterized by on-chip tensile testing, revealing an activation volume in the range 100-200 Å3. Advanced high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy exhibit a very fine glassy nanostructure with well-defined dense Ni-rich clusters embedded in Zr-rich clusters of lower atomic density and a ~2-3 nm characteristic length scale. Nanobeam electron diffraction analysis reveals that the accumulation of plastic deformation at room-temperature correlates with monotonously increasing disruption of the local atomic order. These results provide experimental evidences of the dynamics of shear transformation zones activation in metallic glasses. The impact of the nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the mechanical properties including the rate dependent behaviour is discussed, shedding new light on the governing plasticity mechanisms in metallic glasses with initially heterogeneous atomic arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni Idrissi
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Matteo Ghidelli
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
- Institute of information and communication technologies, electronics and applied mathematics, ICTEAM, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Armand Béché
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Turner
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Gravier
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Blandin
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Raskin
- Institute of information and communication technologies, electronics and applied mathematics, ICTEAM, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schryvers
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pardoen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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20
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Pekin TC, Ding J, Gammer C, Ozdol B, Ophus C, Asta M, Ritchie RO, Minor AM. Direct measurement of nanostructural change during in situ deformation of a bulk metallic glass. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2445. [PMID: 31164643 PMCID: PMC6547718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there has not yet been a direct observation of the initiation and propagation of individual defects in metallic glasses during deformation at the nanoscale. Here, we show through a combination of in situ nanobeam electron diffraction and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations that we can directly observe changes to the local short to medium range atomic ordering during the formation of a shear band. We observe experimentally a spatially resolved reduction of order prior to shear banding due to increased strain. We compare this to molecular dynamics simulations, in which a similar reduction in local order is seen, and caused by shear transformation zone activation, providing direct experimental evidence for this proposed nucleation mechanism for shear bands in amorphous solids. Our observation serves as a link between the atomistic molecular dynamics simulation and the bulk mechanical properties, providing insight into how one could increase ductility in glassy materials. Observing defect formation during bulk metallic glass deformation remains challenging. Here, the authors combine in situ nanobeam electron diffraction and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to directly link changes to the local atomic ordering with shear band formation in a metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Pekin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Jun Ding
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Gammer
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Burak Ozdol
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mark Asta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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21
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He Y, Yi P, Falk ML. Critical Analysis of an FeP Empirical Potential Employed to Study the Fracture of Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:035501. [PMID: 30735425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An empirical potential that has been widely used to perform molecular dynamics studies on the fracture behavior of FeP metallic glasses is shown to exhibit spinodal decomposition in the composition range commonly studied. The phosphorous segregation induces a transition from ductility to brittleness. During brittle fracture the atomically sharp crack tip propagates along a percolating path with higher P concentration. This embrittlement is observed to occur over a wide range of chemical compositions, and toughness decreases linearly with the degree of compositional segregation over the entire regime studied. Stable glass forming alloys that can be quenched at low quench rates do not, as a rule, exhibit such thermodynamically unstable behavior near to or above their glass transition temperatures. Hence, the microstructures exhibited in these simulations are unlikely to reflect the actual microstructures or fracture behaviors of the glassy alloys they seek to elucidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael L Falk
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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22
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Abstract
Metallic glasses (MGs), a new class of advanced structural materials with extraordinary mechanical properties, such as high strength approaching the theoretical value and an elastic limit several times larger than the conventional metals, are being used to develop cellular structures with excellent mechanical-energy-dissipation performance. In this paper, the research progress on the development of MG structures for energy-dissipation applications is reviewed, including MG foams, MG honeycombs, cellular MGs with macroscopic cellular structures, microscopic MG lattice structures and kirigami MG structures. MG structures not only have high plastic energy absorption capacity superior to conventional cellular metals, but also demonstrate great potential for storing the elastic energy during cyclic loading. The deformation behavior as well as the mechanisms for the excellent energy-dissipation performance of varying kinds MG structures is compared and discussed. Suggestions on the future development/optimization of MG structures for enhanced energy-dissipation performance are proposed, which can be helpful for exploring the widespread structural-application of MGs.
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23
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Mechanical glass transition revealed by the fracture toughness of metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3271. [PMID: 30115910 PMCID: PMC6095891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fracture toughness of glassy materials remains poorly understood. In large part, this is due to the disordered, intrinsically non-equilibrium nature of the glass structure, which challenges its theoretical description and experimental determination. We show that the notch fracture toughness of metallic glasses exhibits an abrupt toughening transition as a function of a well-controlled fictive temperature (Tf), which characterizes the average glass structure. The ordinary temperature, which has been previously associated with a ductile-to-brittle transition, is shown to play a secondary role. The observed transition is interpreted to result from a competition between the Tf-dependent plastic relaxation rate and an applied strain rate. Consequently, a similar toughening transition as a function of strain rate is predicted and demonstrated experimentally. The observed mechanical toughening transition bears strong similarities to the ordinary glass transition and explains the previously reported large scatter in fracture toughness data and ductile-to-brittle transitions. Understanding the fracture toughness of metallic glasses remains challenging. Here, the authors show that a fictive temperature controls an abrupt mechanical toughening transition in metallic glasses, and can explain the scatter in previously reported fracture toughness data.
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24
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Sarac B, Ivanov YP, Chuvilin A, Schöberl T, Stoica M, Zhang Z, Eckert J. Origin of large plasticity and multiscale effects in iron-based metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1333. [PMID: 29626189 PMCID: PMC5889395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The large plasticity observed in newly developed monolithic bulk metallic glasses under quasi-static compression raises a question about the contribution of atomic scale effects. Here, nanocrystals on the order of 1–1.5 nm in size are observed within an Fe-based bulk metallic glass using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The accumulation of nanocrystals is linked to the presence of hard and soft zones, which is connected to the micro-scale hardness and elastic modulus confirmed by nanoindentation. Furthermore, we performed systematic simulations of HRTEM images at varying sample thicknesses, and established a theoretical model for the estimation of the shear transformation zone size. The findings suggest that the main mechanism behind the formation of softer regions are the homogenously dispersed nanocrystals, which are responsible for the start and stop mechanism of shear transformation zones and hence, play a key role in the enhancement of mechanical properties. Iron-based bulk metallic glasses are remarkably plastic, but the origin of their plasticity remains challenging to isolate. Here, the authors use high resolution microscopy to show that nanocrystals are dispersed within the glass and form hard and soft zones that are responsible for enhancing ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Schöberl
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Mihai Stoica
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zaoli Zhang
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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25
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Jafary-Zadeh M, Praveen Kumar G, Branicio PS, Seifi M, Lewandowski JJ, Cui F. A Critical Review on Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials for Cardiovascular Stent Applications. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E19. [PMID: 29495521 PMCID: PMC5872105 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional and mechanical properties of novel biomaterials must be carefully evaluated to guarantee long-term biocompatibility and structural integrity of implantable medical devices. Owing to the combination of metallic bonding and amorphous structure, metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit extraordinary properties superior to conventional crystalline metallic alloys, placing them at the frontier of biomaterials research. MGs have potential to improve corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, strength, and longevity of biomedical implants, and hence are promising materials for cardiovascular stent applications. Nevertheless, while functional properties and biocompatibility of MGs have been widely investigated and validated, a solid understanding of their mechanical performance during different stages in stent applications is still scarce. In this review, we provide a brief, yet comprehensive account on the general aspects of MGs regarding their formation, processing, structure, mechanical, and chemical properties. More specifically, we focus on the additive manufacturing (AM) of MGs, their outstanding high strength and resilience, and their fatigue properties. The interconnection between processing, structure and mechanical behaviour of MGs is highlighted. We further review the main categories of cardiovascular stents, the required mechanical properties of each category, and the conventional materials have been using to address these requirements. Then, we bridge between the mechanical requirements of stents, structural properties of MGs, and the corresponding stent design caveats. In particular, we discuss our recent findings on the feasibility of using MGs in self-expandable stents where our results show that a metallic glass based aortic stent can be crimped without mechanical failure. We further justify the safe deployment of this stent in human descending aorta. It is our intent with this review to inspire biodevice developers toward the realization of MG-based stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jafary-Zadeh
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
| | | | - Paulo Sergio Branicio
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0241, USA.
| | - Mohsen Seifi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - John J Lewandowski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Fangsen Cui
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
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Feng Y, Liao WB, Zheng J, Wang LW, Zhang Y, Sun J, Pan F. Nanocrystals generated under tensile stress in metallic glasses with phase selectivity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15542-15549. [PMID: 28984322 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04466f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the mechanism of phase selectivity can provide guidance for controlling crystals with certain phases for special properties. In the present work, nanocrystals of about 2-4 nm diameters with a B2 structure (thermodynamic metastable phase) are generated from CuZr glassy fiber by applying tensile stress at ambient temperature. By combining the ab initio calculations with the molecular dynamics simulations, the stabilities of B2 austenite and B19' martensitic phases under applied tensile stress are compared, and the phase transformation mechanism is revealed. The results show that the B2 structure has a bigger attractive basin, and the phase transition could occur with a larger applied stress during the deformation. Therefore, insights into the higher symmetric B2 nanocrystal with selective nucleation driven under directional stress are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancong Feng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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27
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Bokas G, Lekka C, Papageorgiou D, Evangelakis G. Microalloying effects in ternary Cu-Zr-X (X = Be, Mg, Al, Si, P, Nb, Ag) icosahedral clusters and super-clusters from Density Functional Theory computations. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Strain hardening, originating from defects such as the dislocation, avails conventional metals of high engineering reliability in applications. However, the hardenability of metallic glass is a long-standing concern due to the lack of similar defects. In this work, we carefully examine the stress-strain relationship in three bulk monolithic metallic glasses. The results show that hardening is surely available in metallic glasses if the effective load-bearing area is considered instantly. The hardening is proposed to result from the remelting and ensuing solidification of the shear-band material under a hydrostatic pressure imposed by the normal stress during the shear banding event. This applied-pressure quenching densifies the metallic glass by discharging the free volume. On the other hand, as validated by molecular dynamics simulations, the pressure promotes the icosahedral short-range order. The densification and icosahedral clusters both contribute to the increase of the shear strength and therefore the hardening in metallic glasses.
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Abstract
One way to adjust the properties of materials is by changing its microstructure. This concept is not easily applicable on bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), because they do not consist of grains or different phases and so their microstructure is very homogeneous. One obvious way to integrate inhomogeneities is to produce bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs). Here we show how to generate BMGCs via high-pressure torsion (HPT) starting from powders (amorphous Zr-MG and crystalline Cu). Using this approach, the composition can be varied and by changing the applied shear strains, the refinement of the microstructure is adjustable. This process permits to produce amorphous/crystalline composites where the scale of the phases can be varied from the micro- to the nanometer regime. Even mixing of the two phases and the generation of new metallic glasses can be achieved. The refinement of microstructure increases the hardness and a hardness higher than the initial BMG can be obtained.
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Effect of Applied Stress on the Mechanical Properties of a Zr-Cu-Ag-Al Bulk Metallic Glass with Two Different Structure States. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070711. [PMID: 28773065 PMCID: PMC5551754 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of applied stress on mechanical properties in metallic glasses, nanoindentation tests were conducted on elastically bent Zr-Cu-Ag-Al metallic glasses with two different structure states. From spherical P-h curves, elastic modulus was found to be independent on applied stress. Hardness decreased by ~8% and ~14% with the application of 1.5% tensile strain for as-cast and 650 K annealed specimens, while it was slightly increased at the compressive side. Yield stress could be obtained from the contact pressure at first pop-in position with a conversion coefficient. The experimental result showed a symmetrical effect of applied stress on strengthening and a reduction of the contact pressure at compressive and tensile sides. It was observed that the applied stress plays a negligible effect on creep deformation in as-cast specimen. While for the annealed specimen, creep deformation was facilitated by applied tensile stress and suppressed by applied compressive stress. Strain rate sensitivities (SRS) were calculated from steady-state creep, which were constant for as-cast specimen and strongly correlated with applied stress for the annealed one. The more pronounced effect of applied stress in the 650 K annealed metallic glass could be qualitatively explained through the variation of the shear transformation zone (STZ) size.
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Wang T, Wang L, Wang Q, Liu Y, Hui X. Pronounced Plasticity Caused by Phase Separation and β-relaxation Synergistically in Zr-Cu-Al-Mo Bulk Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1238. [PMID: 28450711 PMCID: PMC5430678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to have extraordinary merits such as ultrahigh strength and dynamic toughness etc. but tied to the detrimental brittleness, which has become a critical issue to the engineering application and understanding the glass nature. In this article, we report a new class of Zr-Cu-Al-Mo BMGs with extraordinary plastic strain above 20%. "Work-hardening" effect after yielding in a wide range of plastic deformation process has been detected for this kind of BMGs. Compositional heterogeneity, which can be classified into ZrMo- and Cu-rich zones, was differentiated in this kind of BMG. Pronounced humps have been observed on the high frequency kinetic spectrum in Mo containing BMGs, which is the indicator of β-relaxation transition. The underlying mechanism for the excellent plastic deforming ability of this class of BMGs is ascribed to the synergistic effects of soft ZrMo-rich glass formed through phase separation and abundant flow units which related to β-relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xidong Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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32
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Fan J. High-rate squeezing process of bulk metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45051. [PMID: 28338092 PMCID: PMC5364479 DOI: 10.1038/srep45051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-rate squeezing process of bulk metallic glasses from a cylinder into an intact sheet achieved by impact loading is investigated. Such a large deformation is caused by plastic flow, accompanied with geometrical confinement, shear banding/slipping, thermo softening, melting and joining. Temperature rise during the high-rate squeezing process makes a main effect. The inherent mechanisms are illustrated. Like high-pressure torsion (HPT), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and surface mechanical attrition treatments (SMAT) for refining grain of metals, High-Rate Squeezing (HRS), as a multiple-functions technique, not only creates a new road of processing metallic glasses and other metallic alloys for developing advanced materials, but also directs a novel technology of processing, grain refining, coating, welding and so on for treating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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33
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Wang JQ, Perepezko JH. Focus: Nucleation kinetics of shear bands in metallic glass. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211803. [PMID: 28799383 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of shear bands is recognized as the primary mechanism in controlling the plastic deformability of metallic glasses. However, the kinetics of the nucleation of shear bands has received limited attention. The nucleation of shear bands in metallic glasses (MG) can be investigated using a nanoindentation method to monitor the development of the first pop-in event that is a signature of shear band nucleation. The analysis of a statistically significant number of first pop-in events demonstrates the stochastic behavior that is characteristic of nucleation and reveals a multimodal behavior associated with local spatial heterogeneities. The shear band nucleation rate of the two nucleation modes and the associated activation energy, activation volume, and site density were determined by loading rate experiments. The nucleation activation energy is very close to the value that is characteristic of the β relaxation in metallic glass. The identification of the rate controlling kinetics for shear band nucleation offers guidance for promoting plastic flow in metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - J H Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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34
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Peng CX, Song KK, Wang L, Şopu D, Pauly S, Eckert J. Correlation between structural heterogeneity and plastic deformation for phase separating FeCu metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34340. [PMID: 27681052 PMCID: PMC5041185 DOI: 10.1038/srep34340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike crystalline metals, the plastic deformation of metallic glasses (MGs) involves a competition between disordering and structural relaxation ordering, which is not well understood, yet. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the evolutions of strain localizations, short-range order (SRO) as well as the free volume in the glass during compressive deformation of Fe50Cu50 MGs with different degrees of phase separation. Our findings indicate that the free volume in the phase separating MGs decreases while the shear strain localizations increase with increasing degree of phase separation. Cu-centered clusters show higher potential energies and Voronoi volumes, and bear larger local shear strains. On the other hand, Fe-centered pentagon-rich clusters in Cu-rich regions seem to play an important role to resist the shear transformation. The dilatation or annihilation of Voronoi volumes is due to the competition between ordering via structural relaxation and shear stress-induced deformation. The present study could provide a better understanding of the relationship between the structural inhomogeneity and the deformation of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xiao Peng
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), WenhuaXilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Song
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), WenhuaXilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), WenhuaXilu 180, 264209 Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Şopu
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon Pauly
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- ErichSchmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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35
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Macroscopic tensile plasticity by scalarizating stress distribution in bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21929. [PMID: 26902264 PMCID: PMC4763289 DOI: 10.1038/srep21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic tensile plasticity of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is highly desirable for various engineering applications. However, upon yielding, plastic deformation of BMGs is highly localized into narrow shear bands and then leads to the "work softening" behaviors and subsequently catastrophic fracture, which is the major obstacle for their structural applications. Here we report that macroscopic tensile plasticity in BMG can be obtained by designing surface pore distribution using laser surface texturing. The surface pore array by design creates a complex stress field compared to the uniaxial tensile stress field of conventional glassy specimens, and the stress field scalarization induces the unusual tensile plasticity. By systematically analyzing fracture behaviors and finite element simulation, we show that the stress field scalarization can resist the main shear band propagation and promote the formation of larger plastic zones near the pores, which undertake the homogeneous tensile plasticity. These results might give enlightenment for understanding the deformation mechanism and for further improvement of the mechanical performance of metallic glasses.
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36
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Ketkaew J, Liu Z, Chen W, Schroers J. Critical Crystallization for Embrittlement in Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:265502. [PMID: 26765004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.265502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of crystallization on the embrittlement of bulk metallic glasses. Specifically, we measured fracture toughness for Zr(44)Ti(11)Cu(10)Ni(10)Be(25) and Pd(43)Cu(27)Ni(10)P(20) after annealing at various times to introduce controlled volume fraction of crystallization. We found that crystallization of up to ∼6% by volume does not measurably affect fracture toughness. When exceeding ∼6%, a dramatic drop in fracture toughness occurs; an additional 1% of crystallization reduces fracture toughness by 50%. Such a dramatic transition can be explained by the interaction among the crystals' stress fields in the amorphous matrix that becomes effective at ∼7% crystallinity. Our findings of a critical crystallization for embrittlement of metallic glasses help in designing tough metallic glasses and their composites, as well as defining processing protocols for the unique thermoplastic forming of metallic glasses to avoid embrittlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittisa Ketkaew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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37
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Wu Y, Wang H, Cheng Y, Liu X, Hui X, Nieh T, Wang Y, Lu Z. Inherent structure length in metallic glasses: simplicity behind complexity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12137. [PMID: 26245801 PMCID: PMC4642538 DOI: 10.1038/srep12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central themes in materials science is the structure-property relationship. In conventional crystalline metals, their mechanical behaviour is often dictated by well-defined structural defects such as dislocations, impurities, and twins. However, the structure-property relationship in amorphous alloys is far from being understood, due to great difficulties in characterizing and describing the disordered atomic-level structure. Herein, we report a universal, yet simple, correlation between the macroscopic mechanical properties (i.e., yield strength and shear modulus) and a unique characteristic structural length in metallic glasses (MGs). Our analysis indicates that this characteristic length can incorporate effects of both the inter-atomic distance and valence electron density in MGs, and result in the observed universal correlation. The current findings shed lights on the basic understanding of mechanical properties of MGs from their disordered atomic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xidong Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Taigang Nieh
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, USA
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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38
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Phase Transformation and Work-hardening Behavior of Ti-based Bulk Metallic Glass Composite. Appl Microsc 2015. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2015.45.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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39
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40
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Wakeda M, Saida J, Li J, Ogata S. Controlled rejuvenation of amorphous metals with thermal processing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10545. [PMID: 26010470 PMCID: PMC4443766 DOI: 10.1038/srep10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation is the configurational excitation of amorphous materials and is one of the more promising approaches for improving the deformability of amorphous metals that usually exhibit macroscopic brittle fracture modes. Here, we propose a method to control the level of rejuvenation through systematic thermal processing and clarify the crucial feasibility conditions by means of molecular dynamics simulations of annealing and quenching. We also experimentally demonstrate rejuvenation level control in Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass. Our local heat-treatment recipe (rising temperature above 1.1Tg, followed by a temperature quench rate exceeding the previous) opens avenue to modifying the glass properties after it has been cast and processed into near component shape, where a higher local cooling rate may be afforded by for example transient laser heating, adding spatial control and great flexibility to the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Wakeda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Junji Saida
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Shigenobu Ogata
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan [2] Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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41
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Achieving high energy absorption capacity in cellular bulk metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10302. [PMID: 25973781 PMCID: PMC4431392 DOI: 10.1038/srep10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have exhibited excellent energy-absorption performance by inheriting superior strength from the parent BMGs. However, how to achieve high energy absorption capacity in cellular BMGs is vital but mysterious. In this work, using step-by-step observations of the deformation evolution of a series of cellular BMGs, the underlying mechanisms for the remarkable energy absorption capacity have been investigated by studying two influencing key factors: the peak stress and the decay of the peak stress during the plastic-flow plateau stages. An analytical model of the peak stress has been proposed, and the predicted results agree well with the experimental data. The decay of the peak stress has been attributed to the geometry change of the macroscopic cells, the formation of shear bands in the middle of the struts, and the “work-softening” nature of BMGs. The influencing factors such as the effect of the strut thickness and the number of unit cells have also been investigated and discussed. Strategies for achieving higher energy absorption capacity in cellular BMGs have been proposed.
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42
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Chen N, Wang D, Feng T, Kruk R, Yao KF, Louzguine-Luzgin DV, Hahn H, Gleiter H. A nanoglass alloying immiscible Fe and Cu at the nanoscale. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6607-6611. [PMID: 25792519 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesized from ultrafine particles with a bottom-up approach, nanoglasses are of particular importance in pursuing unique properties. Here, we design a metallic nanoglass alloy from two components of ∼Cu64Sc36 and ∼Fe90Sc10 nanoglasses. With nanoalloying mutually immiscible Fe and Cu, the properties of the nanoglass alloys can be tuned by varying the proportions of the ∼Fe90Sc10 component. This offers opportunity to create novel metallic glass nanocomposites and sheds light on building a structure-property correlation for the nanoglass alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
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43
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Balouch A, Ali Umar A, Mawarnis ER, Md Saad SK, Mat Salleh M, Abd Rahman MY, Kityk IV, Oyama M. Synthesis of amorphous platinum nanofibers directly on an ITO substrate and its heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7776-7785. [PMID: 25807116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a facile, solution-phase approach to synthesizing a one-dimensional amorphous face-centered-cubic (fcc) platinum (a-Pt) nanostructure (nanofibers) directly on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The electron microscopy analysis result shows that the a-Pt nanofiber has a diameter and length of approximately 50 nm and 1 μm, respectively, and is grown in high density on the entire surface of the ITO substrate. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis result further reveals that the a-Pt nanofibers feature metallic properties with highly reactive surface chemistry, promising novel performance in electrochemistry, catalysis, and sensors. A synergetic interplay between the formic acid reducing agent and the hexamethylenetetramine surfactant in the reduction of Pt ions is assumed as the driving force for the formation of the amorphous phase in the Pt nanostructure. The catalytic properties of a-Pt were examined in the acetone hydrogenation reaction under microwave irradiation. a-Pt shows excellent heterogeneous catalytic properties for converting acetone to isopropyl alcohol with turnover number and frequency as high as 400 and 140 min(-1), respectively. The preparation and formation mechanism of the a-Pt nanofibers will be discussed in detail in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Balouch
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- ‡National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Akrajas Ali Umar
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elvy Rahmi Mawarnis
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khatijah Md Saad
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Mat Salleh
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusri Abd Rahman
- †Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I V Kityk
- §Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Electronic System, Technical University of Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- ∥Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
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44
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Mizushima T, Tsutsumi Y, Sato M, Machida K. Symmetry protected topological superfluid (3)He-B. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:113203. [PMID: 25730099 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/11/113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the richness of symmetry and well-established knowledge of bulk superfluidity, the superfluid (3)He has offered a prototypical system to study intertwining of topology and symmetry. This article reviews recent progress in understanding the topological superfluidity of (3)He in a multifaceted manner, including symmetry considerations, the Jackiw-Rebbi's index theorem, and the quasiclassical theory. Special focus is placed on the symmetry protected topological superfuidity of the (3)He-B confined in a slab geometry. The (3)He-B under a magnetic field is separated to two different sub-phases: the symmetry protected topological phase and non-topological phase. The former phase is characterized by the existence of symmetry protected Majorana fermions. The topological phase transition between them is triggered by the spontaneous breaking of a hidden discrete symmetry. The critical field is quantitatively determined from the microscopic calculation that takes account of magnetic dipole interaction of the (3)He nucleus. It is also demonstrated that odd-frequency even-parity Cooper pair amplitudes are emergent in low-lying quasiparticles. The key ingredients, symmetry protected Majorana fermions and odd-frequency pairing, bring an important consequence that the coupling of the surface states to an applied field is prohibited by the hidden discrete symmetry, while the topological phase transition with the spontaneous symmetry breaking is accompanied by anomalous enhancement and anisotropic quantum criticality of surface spin susceptibility. We also illustrate common topological features between topological crystalline superconductors and symmetry protected topological superfluids, taking UPt3 and Rashba superconductors as examples.
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45
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Yang W, Liu H, Zhao Y, Inoue A, Jiang K, Huo J, Ling H, Li Q, Shen B. Mechanical properties and structural features of novel Fe-based bulk metallic glasses with unprecedented plasticity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6233. [PMID: 25167887 PMCID: PMC5385824 DOI: 10.1038/srep06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted great attention due to their unique magnetic and mechanical properties, but few applications have been materialized because of their brittleness at room temperature. Here we report a new Fe(50)Ni(30)P(13)C(7) BMG which exhibits unprecedented compressive plasticity (>20%) at room temperature without final fracture. The mechanism of unprecedented plasticity for this new Fe-based BMG was also investigated. It was discovered that the ductile Fe(50)Ni(30)P(13)C(7) BMG is composed of unique clusters mainly linked by less directional metal-metal bonds which are inclined to accommodate shear strain and absorbed energy in the front of crack tip. This conclusion was further verified by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy experiments of Fe(80-x)Ni(x)P(13)C(7) (x = 0, 10, 20, 30) and Fe(72-x)Ni(x)B(20)Si(4)Nb(4) (x = 0, 7.2, 14.4, 21.6, 28.8) glassy systems. The results also indicate a strong correlation between the p-d hybridization and plasticity, verifying that the transition from brittle to ductile induced by Ni addition is due to the change of bonding characteristics in atomic configurations. Thus, we can design the plasticity of Fe-based BMGs and open up a new possible pathway for manufacturing BMGs with high strength and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yang
- 1] School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China [2] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishun Liu
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Akihisa Inoue
- 1] Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China [2] Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kemin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Ling
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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46
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Lu Z, Jiao W, Wang WH, Bai HY. Flow unit perspective on room temperature homogeneous plastic deformation in metallic glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:045501. [PMID: 25105632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.045501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A mandrel winding method, which can realize remarkable homogeneous plastic deformation at room temperature for various metallic glasses, is applied to characterize plastic flow units and study their relationship with macroscopic deformations and relaxations. The method can provide information on the activation energy, activation time, size, intrinsic relaxation time, distribution, and density of flow units. We find the plasticity of a metallic glass can be controlled through modulating the features of flow units. The results have benefits for better understanding the structural origins of deformations and relaxations, and for designing metallic glasses with improved performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W Jiao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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47
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Wang XF, Jones TE, Wu Y, Lu ZP, Halas S, Durakiewicz T, Eberhart ME. An electronic criterion for assessing intrinsic brittleness of metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024503. [PMID: 25028023 DOI: 10.1063/1.4884783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X. F. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - T. E. Jones
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA and School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Z. P. Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - S. Halas
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - T. Durakiewicz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop K764, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M. E. Eberhart
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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48
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Abstract
Effectiveness of a second phase in metallic glass heterostructures to improve mechanical properties varies widely. Unfortunately, methods to fabricate such heterostructures like foams and composites do not allow controlled variation of structural features. Here we report a novel strategy, which allows us to vary heterostructural features independently, thereby enabling a systematic and quantitative study. Our approach reveals the optimal microstructural architecture for metallic glass heterostructures to achieve tensile ductility. Critical design aspect is a soft second phase, which is most effective when spacing between the second phase assumes the critical crack length of the metallic glass. This spacing should coincide with the second phase’s size, and beyond, the specific second phase morphology of the heterostructure is crucial. These toughening strategies are only effective in samples that are large compared with the spacing of the second phase. The identified design aspects provide guidance in designing tensile ductility into metallic glasses. Metallic glasses are normally stronger than their crystalline counterparts, but not good at deforming under tensile stress. Sarac and Schroers test the ductility of metallic glasses in a precisely engineered microsystem and identify an ideal heterostructure with maximized strength and toughness.
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49
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Kumar G, Neibecker P, Liu YH, Schroers J. Critical fictive temperature for plasticity in metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1536. [PMID: 23443564 PMCID: PMC3586724 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-sought goal in metallic glasses is to impart ductility without conceding their strength and elastic limit. The rational design of tough metallic glasses, however, remains challenging because of the inability of existing theories to capture the correlation between plasticity, composition and processing for a wide range of glass-forming alloys. Here we propose a phenomenological criterion based on a critical fictive temperature, Tfc, which can rationalize the effect of composition, cooling rate and annealing on room-temperature plasticity of metallic glasses. Such criterion helps in understanding the widespread mechanical behaviour of metallic glasses and reveals alloy-specific preparation conditions to circumvent brittleness. Toughness of metallic glasses varies widely, with values spanning from very brittle to exceptionally tough. Kumar et al. report a characteristic fictive temperature, which can explain this widespread behaviour and provide guidelines for synthesis of ductile metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golden Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, 7th and Boston, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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50
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Magagnosc DJ, Ehrbar R, Kumar G, He MR, Schroers J, Gianola DS. Tunable Tensile Ductility in Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3549577 DOI: 10.1038/srep01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread adoption of metallic glasses (MGs) in applications motivated by high strength and elasticity combined with plastic-like processing has been stymied by their lack of tensile ductility. One emerging strategy to couple the attractive properties of MGs with resistance to failure by shear localization is to employ sub-micron sample or feature length scales, although conflicting results shroud an atomistic understanding of the responsible mechanisms in uncertainty. Here, we report in situ deformation experiments of directly moulded Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 MG nanowires, which show tunable tensile ductility. Initially brittle as-moulded nanowires can be coerced to a distinct glassy state upon irradiation with Ga+ ions, leading to tensile ductility and quasi-homogeneous plastic flow. This behaviour is reversible and the glass returns to a brittle state upon subsequent annealing. Our results suggest a novel mechanism for homogenous plastic flow in nano-scaled MGs and strategies for circumventing the poor damage tolerance that has long plagued MGs.
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