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Sarang S, Delmas W, Bonabi Naghadeh S, Cherrette V, Zhang JZ, Ghosh S. Low-Temperature Energy Transfer via Self-Trapped Excitons in Mn 2+-Doped 2D Organometal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10368-10374. [PMID: 33236909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanisms of energy transfer in Mn2+-doped ethylammonium lead bromide (EA2PbBr4:Mn2+), a two-dimensional layered perovskite (2DLP), using cryogenic optical spectroscopy. At temperature T > 120 K, photoluminescence (PL) is dominated by emission from Mn2+, with complete suppression of band edge (BE) emission and self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. However, for T < 120 K, in addition to Mn2+ emission, PL is observed from BE and STEs. Data further reveal that for 20 K < T < 120 K, STEs form the most dominant routes in assisting energy transfer (ET) from 2DLP to Mn2+ dopants. However, at higher Mn2+ concentration, higher activation energies indicate defect states come into play, successfully competing with STEs for ET both from BE to STE states and from STE to Mn2+. Finally, using polarization-resolved spectroscopy, we demonstrate optical spin orientation of the Mn2+ ions via ET from 2DLP excitons at zero magnetic field. Our results reveal fundamental insights on the interactions between quantum confined charge carriers and dopants in organometal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som Sarang
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - William Delmas
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Sara Bonabi Naghadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Vivien Cherrette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Sayantani Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
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2
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Tarasek S, Chou WC, Fan WC, Thomay T. Excitation power dependent Coulomb induced recombination dynamics in magnetically doped type-II quantum dots. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab86d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We observe that the wavefunction overlap of the carriers in type-II quantum dots (QDs) can be controlled by magnetic doping and strongly depends on the excitation power density. We study two different II-VI magnetic systems; ZnTe/(Zn, Mn)Se QDs with magnetic dopants in the matrix surrounding the dots, and (Zn, Mn)Te/ZnSe QDs doped in the dot core. Both magnetic systems, regardless of the location of the dopant magnetic ions, show a stark contrast in their emission with high excitation power densities (P
ex) when compared to nonmagnetic ZnTe/ZnSe QDs. Using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), we observe a saturation in the blue shift for the magnetic systems at a lower P
ex, while additionally exhibiting a limited lifetime shortening over the entire range of P
ex, when compared to the nonmagnetic QDs. The results for the two magnetic systems are very similar, showing no dependence on the location of the magnetic impurities. This suggests that the behavior observed is an effect of the magnetic polaron on the band bending in the high P
ex regime. The ability to use magnetic ions to quickly saturate the charge concentration and control band bending in QDs could potentially aid in optimizing optoelectronic devices which are sensitive to high charge variations.
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3
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Zou SJ, Wang ST, Wu MF, Jian WB, Cheng SJ. Exposure of the hidden anti-ferromagnetism in paramagnetic CdSe:Mn nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:503-511. [PMID: 25551417 DOI: 10.1021/nn5056892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present theoretical and experimental investigations of the magnetism of paramagnetic semiconductor CdSe:Mn nanocrystals and propose an efficient approach to the exposure and analysis of the underlying anti-ferromagnetic interactions between magnetic ions therein. A key advance made here is the development of an analysis method with the exploitation of group theory technique that allows us to distinguish the anti-ferromagnetic interactions between aggregative Mn(2+) ions from the overall pronounced paramagnetism of magnetic-ion-doped semiconductor nanocrystals. By using the method, we clearly reveal and identify the signatures of anti-ferromagnetism from the measured temperature-dependent magnetisms and furthermore determine the average number of Mn(2+) ions and the fraction of aggregative ones in the measured CdSe:Mn nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jyun Zou
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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4
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Qu F, Moura FV, Alves FM, Gargano R. Optical tunability of magnetic polaron stability in single-Mn doped bulk GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Abolfath RM, Korkusinski M, Brabec T, Hawrylak P. Spin textures in strongly coupled electron spin and magnetic or nuclear spin systems in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:247203. [PMID: 23004315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Controlling electron spins strongly coupled to magnetic and nuclear spins in solid state systems is an important challenge in the field of spintronics and quantum computation. We show here that electron droplets with no net spin in semiconductor quantum dots strongly coupled with magnetic ion or nuclear spin systems break down at low temperature and form a nontrivial antiferromagnetic spatially ordered spin texture of magnetopolarons. The spatially ordered combined electron-magnetic ion spin texture, associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking in the parity of electronic charge and spin densities and magnetization of magnetic ions, emerges from an ab initio density functional approach to the electronic system coupled with mean-field approximation for the magnetic or nuclear spin system. The predicted phase diagram determines the critical temperature as a function of coupling strength and identifies possible phases of the strongly coupled spin system. The prediction may arrest fluctuations in the spin system and open the way to control, manipulate, and prepare magnetic and nuclear spin ensembles in semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin M Abolfath
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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6
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Trojnar AH, Korkusiński M, Kadantsev ES, Hawrylak P, Goryca M, Kazimierczuk T, Kossacki P, Wojnar P, Potemski M. Quantum interference in exciton-Mn spin interactions in a CdTe semiconductor quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:207403. [PMID: 22181774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.207403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically and experimentally the existence of a new quantum-interference effect between the electron-hole interactions and the scattering by a single Mn impurity. The theoretical model, including electron-valence-hole correlations, the short- and long-range exchange interaction of a Mn ion with the heavy hole and with electron and anisotropy of the quantum dot, is compared with photoluminescence spectroscopy of CdTe dots with single magnetic ions. We show how the design of the electronic levels of a quantum dot enables the design of an exciton, control of the quantum interference, and hence engineering of light-Mn interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Trojnar
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
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7
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Ding Y, Liang LB, Li M, He DF, Xu L, Wang P, Yu XF. Efficient manganese luminescence induced by Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer in rare earth fluoride and phosphate nanocrystals. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:119. [PMID: 21711641 PMCID: PMC3211164 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese materials with attractive optical properties have been proposed for applications in such areas as photonics, light-emitting diodes, and bioimaging. In this paper, we have demonstrated multicolor Mn2+ luminescence in the visible region by controlling Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer in rare earth nanocrystals [NCs]. CeF3 and CePO4 NCs doped with Mn2+ have been prepared and can be well dispersed in aqueous solutions. Under ultraviolet light excitation, both the CeF3:Mn and CePO4:Mn NCs exhibit Mn2+ luminescence, yet their output colors are green and orange, respectively. By optimizing Mn2+ doping concentrations, Mn2+ luminescence quantum efficiency and Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer efficiency can respectively reach 14% and 60% in the CeF3:Mn NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ding
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liang-Bo Liang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ding-Fei He
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Diluted Magnetic Quantum Dots. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICS OF DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15856-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Ochsenbein ST, Feng Y, Whitaker KM, Badaeva E, Liu WK, Li X, Gamelin DR. Charge-controlled magnetism in colloidal doped semiconductor nanocrystals. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:681-7. [PMID: 19809461 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrical control over the magnetic states of doped semiconductor nanostructures could enable new spin-based information processing technologies. To this end, extensive research has recently been devoted to examination of carrier-mediated magnetic ordering effects in substrate-supported quantum dots at cryogenic temperatures, with carriers introduced transiently by photon absorption. The relatively weak interactions found between dopants and charge carriers have suggested that gated magnetism in quantum dots will be limited to cryogenic temperatures. Here, we report the observation of a large, reversible, room-temperature magnetic response to charge state in free-standing colloidal ZnO nanocrystals doped with Mn(2+) ions. Injected electrons activate new ferromagnetic Mn(2+)-Mn(2+) interactions that are strong enough to overcome antiferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbour dopants, making the full magnetic moments of all dopants observable. Analysis shows that this large effect occurs in spite of small pairwise electron-Mn(2+) exchange energies, because of competing electron-mediated ferromagnetic interactions involving distant Mn(2+) ions in the same nanocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Ochsenbein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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11
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Abolfath RM, Petukhov AG, Zutić I. Piezomagnetic quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:207202. [PMID: 19113373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of deformations on magnetic ordering in quantum dots doped with magnetic impurities. The reduction of symmetry and the associated deformation from circular to elliptical quantum confinement lead to the formation of piezomagnetic quantum dots. The strength of elliptical deformation can be controlled by the gate voltage to change the magnitude of magnetization, at a fixed number of carriers and in the absence of an applied magnetic field. We reveal a reentrant magnetic ordering with the increase of elliptical deformation and suggest that the piezomagnetic quantum dots can be used as nanoscale magnetic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin M Abolfath
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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12
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Beaulac R, Archer PI, Gamelin DR. Luminescence in colloidal Mn2+-doped semiconductor nanocrystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Abolfath RM, Hawrylak P, Zutić I. Tailoring magnetism in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:207203. [PMID: 17677734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We study magnetism in magnetically doped quantum dots as a function of the confining potential, particle numbers, temperature, and strength of the Coulomb interactions. We explore the possibility of tailoring magnetism by controlling the nonparabolicity of the confinement potential and the electron-electron Coulomb interaction, without changing the number of particles. The interplay of strong Coulomb interactions and quantum confinement leads to enhanced inhomogeneous magnetization which persists at higher temperatures than in the noninteracting case. The temperature of the onset of magnetization can be controlled by changing the number of particles as well as by modifying the quantum confinement and the strength of the Coulomb interactions. We predict a series of electronic spin transitions which arise from the competition between the many-body gap and magnetic thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin M Abolfath
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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14
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Fernández-Rossier J, Aguado R. Single-electron transport in electrically tunable nanomagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:106805. [PMID: 17358557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We study a single-electron transistor (SET) based upon a II-VI semiconductor quantum dot doped with a single-Mn ion. We present evidence that this system behaves like a quantum nanomagnet whose total spin and magnetic anisotropy depend dramatically both on the number of carriers and their orbital nature. Thereby, the magnetic properties of the nanomagnet can be controlled electrically. Conversely, the electrical properties of this SET depend on the quantum state of the Mn spin, giving rise to spin-dependent charging energies and hysteresis in the Coulomb blockade oscillations of the linear conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernández-Rossier
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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15
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Fernández-Rossier J, Aguado R. Mn-doped II-VI quantum dots: artificial molecular magnets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200671504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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17
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Léger Y, Besombes L, Fernández-Rossier J, Maingault L, Mariette H. Electrical control of a single Mn atom in a quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:107401. [PMID: 17025852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the reversible electrical control of the magnetic properties of a single Mn atom in an individual quantum dot. Our device permits us to prepare the dot in states with three different electric charges, 0, +1e, and -1e which result in dramatically different spin properties, as revealed by photoluminescence. Whereas in the neutral configuration the quantum dot is paramagnetic, the electron-doped dot spin states are spin rotationally invariant and the hole-doped dot spins states are quantized along the growth direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Léger
- CEA-CNRS group Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Boîte Postale 87, F-38402 St. Martin d'Hères, France
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18
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Gould C, Slobodskyy A, Supp D, Slobodskyy T, Grabs P, Hawrylak P, Qu F, Schmidt G, Molenkamp LW. Remanent zero field spin splitting of self-assembled quantum dots in a paramagnetic host. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:017202. [PMID: 16907404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.017202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of a finite spin splitting at zero magnetic field in resonant tunneling experiments on CdSe self-assembled quantum dots in a (Zn,Be,Mn)Se barrier. This is remarkable since bulk II-VI dilute magnetic semiconductors are paramagnets. Our experiment may be viewed as tunneling through a single magnetic polaron, where the carriers contained inside the dot act to mediate an effective ferromagnetic interaction between Mn ions in their vicinity. The effect is observable up to relatively high temperatures, which we tentatively ascribe to a feedback mechanism with the electrical current, previously predicted theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gould
- Physikalisches Institut (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Qu F, Hawrylak P. Theory of electron mediated Mn-Mn interactions in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:157201. [PMID: 16712191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory of interaction of magnetic Mn ions depending strongly on the number (Ne) of electrons in a quantum dot. For closed electronic shells, we derive the RKKY interaction and its dependence on magnetic ion positions, quantum dot energy quantization omega0, and the number of filled shells Ns. For partially filled shells, the many-electron magnetopolaron effect leads to effective carrier mediated ferromagnetic Mn-Mn interactions. The dependence of the magnetopolaron energy on magnetic ion positions, quantum dot energy quantization omega0, and the number of electrons Ne is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyao Qu
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
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