1
|
Aprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Balata M, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cassese F, Chiarini A, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Corrieri R, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, Dadoun O, D’Andrea V, Decowski MP, De Fazio B, Gangi PD, Diglio S, Disdier JM, Douillet D, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Form S, Front D, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Rosso AG, Galloway M, Gao F, Gardner R, Garroum N, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guerzoni M, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Huhmann C, Iacovacci M, Iaquaniello G, Iven L, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martella P, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Mele E, Messina M, Michinelli R, Miuchi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Nisi S, Oberlack U, Orlandi D, Othegraven R, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Parlati S, Paschos P, Pellegrini Q, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Plante G, Pollmann TR, Qi J, Qin J, García DR, Rynge M, Shi J, Singh R, Sanchez L, Santos JMFD, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Stephen J, Stern M, Stillwell BK, Takeda A, Tan PL, Tatananni D, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Westermann J, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M, Zhu T. The XENONnT dark matter experiment. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:784. [PMID: 39130092 PMCID: PMC11306575 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XENON Collaboration
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - E. Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | | | - L. Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B. Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J. R. Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. C. Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - F. Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Balata
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. L. Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - L. Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - R. Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - T. K. Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - C. Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. M. R. Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F. Cassese
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Chiarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - R. Corrieri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J. P. Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - O. Dadoun
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V. D’Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - M. P. Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. De Fazio
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P. Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - J. M. Disdier
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - D. Douillet
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - K. Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - A. D. Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - H. Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Form
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Front
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - W. Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F. Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Gardner
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - N. Garroum
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L. Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - C. Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. F. Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - C. Huhmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Iacovacci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iaquaniello
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - L. Iven
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - J. Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - S. Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - G. Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - A. Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - F. Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - R. F. Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - I. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - S. Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. A. M. Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y. Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - C. Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J. Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - A. Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F. Marignetti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - P. Martella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - K. Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - J. Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Mastroianni
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Mele
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Michinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - K. Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - A. Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - K. Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Y. Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - M. Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - S. Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - U. Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Orlandi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Othegraven
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - J. Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Parlati
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - P. Paschos
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Q. Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - T. R. Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | | | - M. Rynge
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
| | - J. Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. M. F. dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G. Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H. Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - E. Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - M. Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Stephen
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Stern
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. K. Stillwell
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - P.-L. Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Tatananni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - A. Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C. Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - F. Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - D. Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V. H. S. Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y. Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Z. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - L. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - G. Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - T. Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haselschwardt SJ, Gibbons R, Chen H, Kravitz S, Manalaysay A, Xia Q, Lippincott WH, Sorensen P. First Measurement of Discrimination between Helium and Electron Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Low-Mass Dark Matter Searches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:111801. [PMID: 38563938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of discrimination between low-energy helium recoils and electron recoils in liquid xenon. This result is relevant to proposed low-mass dark matter searches which seek to dissolve light target nuclei in the active volume of liquid-xenon time projection chambers. Low-energy helium recoils were produced by degrading α particles from ^{210}Po with a gold foil situated on the cathode of a liquid xenon time-projection chamber. The resulting population of helium recoil events is well separated from electron recoils and is also offset from the expected position of xenon nuclear recoil events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cichon D, Eurin G, Jörg F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Rupp N. Scintillation decay-time constants for alpha particles and electrons in liquid xenon. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113302. [PMID: 36461423 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding liquid xenon scintillation and ionization processes is of great interest to improve analysis methods in current and future detectors. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the scintillation process for excitation by O(10 keV) electrons from a 83mKr source and O(6 MeV) α-particles from a 222Rn source, both mixed with the xenon target. The single photon sampling method is used to record photon arrival times in order to obtain the corresponding time distributions for different applied electric fields between about 0.8 V cm-1 to 1.2 kV cm-1. Energy and field dependencies of the signals, which are observed in the results, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Eurin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Jörg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Natascha Rupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amarasinghe C, Coronel R, Huang D, Liu Y, Arthurs M, Steinfeld S, Lorenzon W, Gaitskell R. Feasibility study to use neutron capture for an ultralow energy nuclear-recoil calibration in liquid xenon. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Billard J, Boulay M, Cebrián S, Covi L, Fiorillo G, Green A, Kopp J, Majorovits B, Palladino K, Petricca F, Roszkowski Chair L, Schumann M. Direct detection of dark matter-APPEC committee report. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:056201. [PMID: 35193133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I-Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susana Cebrián
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Covi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi 'Federico II' di Napoli and INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Kopp
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kimberly Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leszek Roszkowski Chair
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Schumann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suliga AM, Beacom JF, Tamborra I. Towards probing the diffuse supernova neutrino background in all flavors. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.043008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Dark matter is a milestone in the understanding of the Universe and a portal to the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model of particles. The direct search for dark matter has become one of the most active fields of experimental physics in the last few decades. Liquid Xenon (LXe) detectors demonstrated the highest sensitivities to the main dark matter candidates (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles, WIMP). The experiments of the XENON project, located in the underground INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, are leading the field thanks to the dual-phase LXe time projection chamber (TPC) technology. Since the first prototype XENON10 built in 2005, each detector of the XENON project achieved the highest sensitivity to WIMP dark matter. XENON increased the LXe target mass by nearly a factor 400, up to the 5.9 t of the current XENONnT detector installed at LNGS in 2020. Thanks to an unprecedentedly low background level, XENON1T (predecessor of XENONnT) set the world best limits on WIMP dark matter to date, for an overall boost of more than 3 orders of magnitude to the experimental sensitivity since the XENON project started. In this work, we review the principles of direct dark matter detection with LXe TPCs, the detectors of the XENON project, the challenges posed by background mitigation to ultra-low levels, and the main results achieved by the XENON project in the search for dark matter.
Collapse
|
8
|
Akerib D, Alsum S, Araújo H, Bai X, Balajthy J, Baxter A, Bernard E, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski T, Boulton E, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez M, Chan C, Cutter J, de Viveiros L, Druszkiewicz E, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell R, Ghag C, Gilchriese M, Gwilliam C, Hall C, Haselschwardt S, Hertel S, Hogan D, Horn M, Huang D, Ignarra C, Jacobsen R, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Korolkova E, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev V, Leason E, Lenardo B, Lesko K, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes M, Manalaysay A, Mannino R, Marangou N, McKinsey D, Mei DM, Moongweluwan M, Morad J, Murphy A, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson H, Neves F, Nilima A, Oliver-Mallory K, Palladino K, Pease E, Riffard Q, Rischbieter G, Rhyne C, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov V, Sorensen P, Sumner T, Szydagis M, Taylor D, Taylor R, Taylor W, Tennyson B, Terman P, Tiedt D, To W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Uvarov S, Vacheret A, Velan V, Webb R, White J, Whitis T, Witherell M, Wolfs F, Woodward D, Xu J, Zhang C. Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Lenardo BG, Xu J, Pereverzev S, Akindele OA, Naim D, Kingston J, Bernstein A, Kazkaz K, Tripathi M, Awe C, Li L, Runge J, Hedges S, An P, Barbeau PS. Low-Energy Physics Reach of Xenon Detectors for Nuclear-Recoil-Based Dark Matter and Neutrino Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:231106. [PMID: 31868502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual-phase xenon detectors lead the search for keV-scale nuclear recoil signals expected from the scattering of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter, and can potentially be used to study the coherent nuclear scattering of MeV-scale neutrinos. New capabilities of such experiments can be enabled by extending their nuclear recoil searches down to the lowest measurable energy. The response of the liquid xenon target medium to nuclear recoils, however, is not well characterized below a few keV, leading to large uncertainties in projected sensitivities. In this work, we report a new measurement of ionization signals from nuclear recoils in liquid xenon down to the lowest energy reported to date. At 0.3 keV, we find that the average recoil produces approximately one ionization electron; this is the first measurement of nuclear recoil signals at the single-ionization-electron level, approaching the physical limit of liquid xenon ionization detectors. We discuss the implications of these measurements on the physics reach of xenon detectors for nuclear-recoil-based WIMP dark matter searches and the detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Lenardo
- Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Pereverzev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - O A Akindele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Naim
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J Kingston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Bramante R, Brás P, Byram D, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Ihm M, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Phelps P, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Xu J, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:021303. [PMID: 28128598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon scattering using a 3.35×10^{4} kg day exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. A dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with 250 kg of active mass is operated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility under Lead, South Dakota (USA). With roughly fourfold improvement in sensitivity for high WIMP masses relative to our previous results, this search yields no evidence of WIMP nuclear recoils. At a WIMP mass of 50 GeV c^{-2}, WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross sections above 2.2×10^{-46} cm^{2} are excluded at the 90% confidence level. When combined with the previously reported LUX exposure, this exclusion strengthens to 1.1×10^{-46} cm^{2} at 50 GeV c^{-2}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - R Bramante
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ihm
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Phelps
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tan A, Xiao M, Cui X, Chen X, Chen Y, Fang D, Fu C, Giboni K, Giuliani F, Gong H, Guo X, Han K, Hu S, Huang X, Ji X, Ju Y, Lei S, Li S, Li X, Li X, Liang H, Lin Q, Liu H, Liu J, Lorenzon W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Ni K, Ren X, Schubnell M, Shen M, Shi F, Wang H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Z, Wu S, Xiao X, Xie P, Yan B, Yang Y, Yue J, Zeng X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang T, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X. Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:121303. [PMID: 27689262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search results using the first physics-run data of the PandaX-II 500 kg liquid xenon dual-phase time-projection chamber, operating at the China JinPing underground laboratory. No dark matter candidate is identified above background. In combination with the data set during the commissioning run, with a total exposure of 3.3×10^{4} kg day, the most stringent limit to the spin-independent interaction between the ordinary and WIMP dark matter is set for a range of dark matter mass between 5 and 1000 GeV/c^{2}. The best upper limit on the scattering cross section is found 2.5×10^{-46} cm^{2} for the WIMP mass 40 GeV/c^{2} at 90% confidence level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andi Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Franco Giuliani
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haowei Gong
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Ke Han
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shouyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Xingtao Huang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Center of High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonglin Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siao Lei
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoli Li
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Qing Lin
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huaxuan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wolfgang Lorenzon
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yugang Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaixuan Ni
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Michael Schubnell
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Manbin Shen
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Fang Shi
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimin Wang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengwei Xie
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yong Yang
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfeng Yue
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Xionghui Zeng
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huanqiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Zhao
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- INPAC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aprile E, Alfonsi M, Arisaka K, Arneodo F, Balan C, Baudis L, Bauermeister B, Behrens A, Beltrame P, Bokeloh K, Brown E, Bruno G, Budnik R, Cardoso JMR, Chen WT, Choi B, Cline D, Colijn AP, Contreras H, Cussonneau JP, Decowski MP, Duchovni E, Fattori S, Ferella AD, Fulgione W, Gao F, Garbini M, Ghag C, Giboni KL, Goetzke LW, Grignon C, Gross E, Hampel W, Kaether F, Kish A, Lamblin J, Landsman H, Lang RF, Le Calloch M, Levy C, Lim KE, Lin Q, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Lopes JAM, Lung K, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Massoli FV, Melgarejo Fernandez AJ, Meng Y, Molinario A, Nativ E, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orrigo SEA, Pantic E, Persiani R, Plante G, Priel N, Rizzo A, Rosendahl S, dos Santos JMF, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Scovell PR, Selvi M, Shagin P, Simgen H, Teymourian A, Thers D, Vitells O, Wang H, Weber M, Weinheimer C. Dark matter results from 225 live days of XENON100 data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:181301. [PMID: 23215267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.181301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for particle dark matter with the XENON100 experiment, operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso for 13 months during 2011 and 2012. XENON100 features an ultralow electromagnetic background of (5.3 ± 0.6) × 10(-3) events/(keV(ee) × kg × day) in the energy region of interest. A blind analysis of 224.6 live days × 34 kg exposure has yielded no evidence for dark matter interactions. The two candidate events observed in the predefined nuclear recoil energy range of 6.6-30.5 keV(nr) are consistent with the background expectation of (1.0 ± 0.2) events. A profile likelihood analysis using a 6.6-43.3 keV(nr) energy range sets the most stringent limit on the spin-independent elastic weakly interacting massive particle-nucleon scattering cross section for weakly interacting massive particle masses above 8 GeV/c(2), with a minimum of 2 × 10(-45) cm(2) at 55 GeV/c(2) and 90% confidence level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Aprile E, Arisaka K, Arneodo F, Askin A, Baudis L, Behrens A, Bokeloh K, Brown E, Bruch T, Bruno G, Cardoso JMR, Chen WT, Choi B, Cline D, Duchovni E, Fattori S, Ferella AD, Gao F, Giboni KL, Gross E, Kish A, Lam CW, Lamblin J, Lang RF, Levy C, Lim KE, Lin Q, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Lopes JAM, Lung K, Undagoitia TM, Mei Y, Fernandez AJM, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orrigo SEA, Pantic E, Persiani R, Plante G, Ribeiro ACC, Santorelli R, dos Santos JMF, Sartorelli G, Schumann M, Selvi M, Shagin P, Simgen H, Teymourian A, Thers D, Vitells O, Wang H, Weber M, Weinheimer C. Dark matter results from 100 live days of XENON100 data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:131302. [PMID: 22026838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present results from the direct search for dark matter with the XENON100 detector, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy. XENON100 is a two-phase time-projection chamber with a 62 kg liquid xenon target. Interaction vertex reconstruction in three dimensions with millimeter precision allows the selection of only the innermost 48 kg as the ultralow background fiducial target. In 100.9 live days of data, acquired between January and June 2010, no evidence for dark matter is found. Three candidate events were observed in the signal region with an expected background of (1.8 ± 0.6) events. This leads to the most stringent limit on dark matter interactions today, excluding spin-independent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering cross sections above 7.0 × 10(-45) cm(2) for a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c(2) at 90% confidence level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Angle J, Aprile E, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bernstein A, Bolozdynya AI, Coelho LCC, Dahl CE, DeViveiros L, Ferella AD, Fernandes LMP, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Giboni KL, Gomez R, Hasty R, Kastens L, Kwong J, Lopes JAM, Madden N, Manalaysay A, Manzur A, McKinsey DN, Monzani ME, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orboeck J, Plante G, Santorelli R, dos Santos JMF, Schulte S, Shagin P, Shutt T, Sorensen P, Winant C, Yamashita M. Search for light dark matter in XENON10 data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:051301. [PMID: 21867059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report results of a search for light (≲10 GeV) particle dark matter with the XENON10 detector. The event trigger was sensitive to a single electron, with the analysis threshold of 5 electrons corresponding to 1.4 keV nuclear recoil energy. Considering spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering, we exclude cross sections σ(n)>7×10(-42) cm(2), for a dark matter particle mass m(χ)=7 GeV. We find that our data strongly constrain recent elastic dark matter interpretations of excess low-energy events observed by CoGeNT and CRESST-II, as well as the DAMA annual modulation signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Angle
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aprile E, Arisaka K, Arneodo F, Askin A, Baudis L, Behrens A, Bokeloh K, Brown E, Cardoso JMR, Choi B, Cline DB, Fattori S, Ferella AD, Giboni KL, Kish A, Lam CW, Lamblin J, Lang RF, Lim KE, Lopes JAM, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Mei Y, Melgarejo Fernandez AJ, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orrigo SEA, Pantic E, Plante G, Ribeiro ACC, Santorelli R, Dos Santos JMF, Schumann M, Shagin P, Teymourian A, Thers D, Tziaferi E, Wang H, Weinheimer C. First dark matter results from the XENON100 experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:131302. [PMID: 21230760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, is designed to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) scattering off 62 kg of liquid xenon in an ultralow background dual-phase time projection chamber. In this Letter, we present first dark matter results from the analysis of 11.17 live days of nonblind data, acquired in October and November 2009. In the selected fiducial target of 40 kg, and within the predefined signal region, we observe no events and hence exclude spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections above 3.4 × 10⁻⁴⁴ cm² for 55 GeV/c² WIMPs at 90% confidence level. Below 20 GeV/c², this result constrains the interpretation of the CoGeNT and DAMA signals as being due to spin-independent, elastic, light mass WIMP interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manalaysay A, Undagoitia TM, Askin A, Baudis L, Behrens A, Ferella AD, Kish A, Lebeda O, Santorelli R, Vénos D, Vollhardt A. Spatially uniform calibration of a liquid xenon detector at low energies using (83m)Kr. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:073303. [PMID: 20687713 DOI: 10.1063/1.3436636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A difficult task with many particle detectors focusing on interactions below approximately 100 keV is to perform a calibration in the appropriate energy range that adequately probes all regions of the detector. Because detector response can vary greatly in various locations within the device, a spatially uniform calibration is important. We present a new method for calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors, using the short-lived (83m)Kr. This source has transitions at 9.4 and 32.1 keV, and as a noble gas like Xe, it disperses uniformly in all regions of the detector. Even for low source activities, the existence of the two transitions provides a method of identifying the decays that is free of background. We find that at decreasing energies, the LXe light yield increases, while the amount of electric field quenching is diminished. Additionally, we show that if any long-lived radioactive backgrounds are introduced by this method, they will present less than 67x10(-6) events kg(-1) day(-1) keV(-1) in the next generation of LXe dark matter direct detection searches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Manalaysay
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Angle J, Aprile E, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bernstein A, Bolozdynya A, Brusov P, Coelho LCC, Dahl CE, DeViveiros L, Ferella AD, Fernandes LMP, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Giboni KL, Gomez R, Hasty R, Kastens L, Kwong J, Lopes JAM, Madden N, Manalaysay A, Manzur A, McKinsey DN, Monzani ME, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orboeck J, Plante G, Santorelli R, dos Santos JMF, Shagin P, Shutt T, Sorensen P, Schulte S, Winant C, Yamashita M. First results from the XENON10 dark matter experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:021303. [PMID: 18232850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2, and 4.5x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Angle
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|