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Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JYK, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, Zweig EA. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:041002. [PMID: 37566836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aalbers
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - D S Akerib
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C W Akerlof
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A K Al Musalhi
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Alder
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Alqahtani
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S K Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C S Amarasinghe
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A Ames
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Anderson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - N Angelides
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Armstrong
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Arthurs
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S Azadi
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baker
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - S Balashov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J W Bargemann
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M J Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Barthel
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Bauer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baxter
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Belle
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Bensinger
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T Benson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E P Bernard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - A Biekert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - H J Birch
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B Birrittella
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - G M Blockinger
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - K E Boast
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Bramante
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C A J Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - V V Bugaev
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J K Busenitz
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Buuck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R Cabrita
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carels
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D L Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - B Carlson
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - M Cascella
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Chawla
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J J Cherwinka
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N I Chott
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Cole
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Coleman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M V Converse
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Cottle
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - G Cox
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - W W Craddock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - O Creaner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Curran
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - C E Dahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A David
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Davis
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Delgaudio
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Dey
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Dushkin
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T K Edberg
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M M Elnimr
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W T Emmet
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - S R Eriksen
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - S Fayer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N M Fearon
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H Flaecher
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - P Ford
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - V B Francis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E D Fraser
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Fruth
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N J Gantos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Garcia
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Geffre
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C Ghag
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - E Gibson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - S Gokhale
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Gomber
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Green
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenall
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Greenwood
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C B Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Hanzel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Harrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Hartigan-O'Connor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M A Hernandez
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - G Heuermann
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - C Hjemfelt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M D Hoff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E Holtom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Y-K Hor
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Horn
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Hunt
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R S James
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S N Jeffery
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Johnson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A C Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A C Kamaha
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
| | - K Kamdin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - V Kasey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J Keefner
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M Khaleeq
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Khazov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Khurana
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y D Kim
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kocher
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Kodroff
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - L Korley
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Kras
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - H Kraus
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H J Krebs
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - L Kreczko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Krikler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kyre
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Landerud
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E A Leason
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Lee
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - R Leonard
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - C Levy
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J Li
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - F-T Liao
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Lindote
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Linehan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Liu
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - X Liu
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C Loniewski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M I Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B López Paredes
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Lorenzon
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - D Lucero
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J M Lyle
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - P A Majewski
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Makkinje
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - L Manenti
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Maupin
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M E McCarthy
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - C T McConnell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J McLaughlin
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - Y Meng
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Migneault
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E H Miller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Mizrachi
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J A Mock
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - A Monte
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State
| | - J A Morad
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - E Morrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - B J Mount
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - M Murdy
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D Naim
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nedlik
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - F Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Nguyen
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikoleyczik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - A Nilima
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Dell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F G O'Neill
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Olcina
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M A Olevitch
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J Orpwood
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Pagenkopf
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - S Pal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Palmer
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N Parveen
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - S J Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - B Penning
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - C Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Perry
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Pershing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - I B Peterson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Piepke
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Podczerwinski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - D Porzio
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Powell
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R M Preece
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - K Pushkin
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Qie
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C A Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Richards
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Riffard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Rodriguez
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - H J Rose
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - T Rushton
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - G Rutherford
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Rynders
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - J S Saba
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Santone
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A B M R Sazzad
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - P R Scovell
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Seymour
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S Shaw
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T Shutt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J J Silk
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - W Skulski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Soria
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Stancu
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M R Stark
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Stevens
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T M Stiegler
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K Stifter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Studley
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - B Suerfu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Sutcliffe
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N Swanson
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - M Tan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D J Temples
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K J Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M Timalsina
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - W H To
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - A Tomás
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Tong
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D R Tovey
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Tranter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Trask
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - D R Tronstad
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - U Utku
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - A Vacheret
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Vaitkus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E Voirin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - W L Waldron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - B Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J J Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J R Watson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - A White
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D T White
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - R G White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Whitis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Williams
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - J D Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - S Woodford
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - S D Worm
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C J Wright
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - X Xiang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xiao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Yin
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - I Young
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - A Zuckerman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E A Zweig
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
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Abba A, Accorsi C, Agnes P, Alessi E, Amaudruz P, Annovi A, Desages FA, Back S, Badia C, Bagger J, Basile V, Batignani G, Bayo A, Bell B, Beschi M, Biagini D, Bianchi G, Bicelli S, Bishop D, Boccali T, Bombarda A, Bonfanti S, Bonivento WM, Bouchard M, Breviario M, Brice S, Brown R, Calvo-Mozota JM, Camozzi L, Camozzi M, Capra A, Caravati M, Carlini M, Ceccanti A, Celano B, Cela Ruiz JM, Charette C, Cogliati G, Constable M, Crippa C, Croci G, Cudmore S, Dahl CE, Dal Molin A, Daley M, Di Guardo C, D'Avenio G, Davignon O, Del Tutto M, De Ruiter J, Devoto A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo P, Di Francesco F, Dossi M, Druszkiewicz E, Duma C, Elliott E, Farina D, Fernandes C, Ferroni F, Finocchiaro G, Fiorillo G, Ford R, Foti G, Fournier RD, Franco D, Fricbergs C, Gabriele F, Galbiati C, Garcia Abia P, Gargantini A, Giacomelli L, Giacomini F, Giacomini F, Giarratana LS, Gillespie S, Giorgi D, Girma T, Gobui R, Goeldi D, Golf F, Gorel P, Gorini G, Gramellini E, Grosso G, Guescini F, Guetre E, Hackman G, Hadden T, Hawkins W, Hayashi K, Heavey A, Hersak G, Hessey N, Hockin G, Hudson K, Ianni A, Ienzi C, Ippolito V, James CC, Jillings C, Kendziora C, Khan S, Kim E, King M, King S, Kittmer A, Kochanek I, Kowalkowski J, Krücken R, Kushoro M, Kuula S, Laclaustra M, Leblond G, Lee L, Lennarz A, Leyton M, Li X, Liimatainen P, Lim C, Lindner T, Lomonaco T, Lu P, Lubna R, Lukhanin GA, Luzón G, MacDonald M, Magni G, Maharaj R, Manni S, Mapelli C, Margetak P, Martin L, Martin S, Martínez M, Massacret N, McClurg P, McDonald AB, Meazzi E, Migalla R, Mohayai T, Tosatti LM, Monzani G, Moretti C, Morrison B, Mountaniol M, Muraro A, Napoli P, Nati F, Natzke CR, Noble AJ, Norrick A, Olchanski K, Ortiz de Solorzano A, Padula F, Pallavicini M, Palumbo I, Panontin E, Papini N, Parmeggiano L, Parmeggiano S, Patel K, Patel A, Paterno M, Pellegrino C, Pelliccione P, Pesudo V, Pocar A, Pope A, Pordes S, Prelz F, Putignano O, Raaf JL, Ratti C, Razeti M, Razeto A, Reed D, Refsgaard J, Reilly T, Renshaw A, Retriere F, Riccobene E, Rigamonti D, Rizzi A, Rode J, Romualdez J, Russel L, Sablone D, Sala S, Salomoni D, Salvo P, Sandoval A, Sansoucy E, Santorelli R, Savarese C, Scapparone E, Schaubel T, Scorza S, Settimo M, Shaw B, Shawyer S, Sher A, Shi A, Skensved P, Slutsky A, Smith B, Smith NJT, Stenzler A, Straubel C, Stringari P, Suchenek M, Sur B, Tacchino S, Takeuchi L, Tardocchi M, Tartaglia R, Thomas E, Trask D, Tseng J, Tseng L, VanPagee L, Vedia V, Velghe B, Viel S, Visioli A, Viviani L, Vonica D, Wada M, Walter D, Wang H, Wang MHLS, Westerdale S, Wood D, Yates D, Yue S, Zambrano V. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic. Phys Fluids (1994) 2021; 33:037122. [PMID: 33897243 PMCID: PMC8060010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abba
- Nuclear Instruments S.R.L., Como 22045, Italy
| | - C. Accorsi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - P. Agnes
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - E. Alessi
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - P. Amaudruz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Annovi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - F. Ardellier Desages
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S. Back
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - C. Badia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - J. Bagger
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - V. Basile
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - A. Bayo
- LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain
| | - B. Bell
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | | | - D. Biagini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - G. Bianchi
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - S. Bicelli
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - D. Bishop
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Bombarda
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - S. Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | | | - M. Bouchard
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - M. Breviario
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - S. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R. Brown
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - J. M. Calvo-Mozota
- LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain
| | - L. Camozzi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - M. Camozzi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - A. Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M. Caravati
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M. Carlini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | | | - B. Celano
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - J. M. Cela Ruiz
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - C. Charette
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - G. Cogliati
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - M. Constable
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C. Crippa
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - G. Croci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - S. Cudmore
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - A. Dal Molin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - M. Daley
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - C. Di Guardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche ed Aziendali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - G. D'Avenio
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, ISS (Italy National Institute of Health), Roma 00161, Italy
| | - O. Davignon
- Laboratoire Leprince Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Cedex 91128, France
| | - M. Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J. De Ruiter
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - A. Devoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - F. Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - M. Dossi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - E. Druszkiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C. Duma
- INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - E. Elliott
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - D. Farina
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - R. Ford
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | | | | | - D. Franco
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - F. Gabriele
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | - P. Garcia Abia
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A. Gargantini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - L. Giacomelli
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | | | - S. Gillespie
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D. Giorgi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - T. Girma
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - R. Gobui
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | | | - F. Golf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508, USA
| | - P. Gorel
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - G. Gorini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - E. Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Grosso
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - F. Guescini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), 80805 München, Germany
| | - E. Guetre
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. Hackman
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Hadden
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - K. Hayashi
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Hersak
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - N. Hessey
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. Hockin
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - K. Hudson
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Ianni
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C. Ienzi
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - C. C. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - C. Kendziora
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S. Khan
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - E. Kim
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - M. King
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. King
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - A. Kittmer
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - I. Kochanek
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - J. Kowalkowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - M. Kushoro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - S. Kuula
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | | | - G. Leblond
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - L. Lee
- Department of APT, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - A. Lennarz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M. Leyton
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - X. Li
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - C. Lim
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Lindner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Lomonaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - P. Lu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R. Lubna
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. A. Lukhanin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Luzón
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - M. MacDonald
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - G. Magni
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - R. Maharaj
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Manni
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C. Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - P. Margetak
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - L. Martin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Martin
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | | | - N. Massacret
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P. McClurg
- Department of Respiratory and Anaesthesia Technology, Vanier College, Montréal, Quebec H4L 3X9, Canada
| | | | - E. Meazzi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | - T. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L. M. Tosatti
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - G. Monzani
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - C. Moretti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | | | | | - A. Muraro
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - P. Napoli
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - F. Nati
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - C. R. Natzke
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K. Olchanski
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Ortiz de Solorzano
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - F. Padula
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth (Washington), Australia
| | | | - I. Palumbo
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - E. Panontin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - N. Papini
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | | | - K. Patel
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Patel
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - M. Paterno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | | | - A. Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A. Pope
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F. Prelz
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - O. Putignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C. Ratti
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - M. Razeti
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - A. Razeto
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - D. Reed
- Equilibar L.L.C., Fletcher, North Carolina 28732, USA
| | - J. Refsgaard
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Reilly
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Renshaw
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - F. Retriere
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E. Riccobene
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - D. Rigamonti
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | - J. Romualdez
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L. Russel
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - D. Sablone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - S. Sala
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | - P. Salvo
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, IFC-CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - E. Sansoucy
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - R. Santorelli
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - C. Savarese
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - T. Schaubel
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. Scorza
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - M. Settimo
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes 44300, France
| | - B. Shaw
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Shawyer
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - A. Sher
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Shi
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - A. Slutsky
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - B. Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Stenzler
- 12th Man Technologies, Garden Grove, California 92841, USA
| | - C. Straubel
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - P. Stringari
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, CTP-Centre of Thermodynamics of Processes, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - M. Suchenek
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland
| | - B. Sur
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - L. Takeuchi
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M. Tardocchi
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - R. Tartaglia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - E. Thomas
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - D. Trask
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - J. Tseng
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L. Tseng
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - L. VanPagee
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - V. Vedia
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B. Velghe
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Visioli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - L. Viviani
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - D. Vonica
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - M. Wada
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland
| | - D. Walter
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - H. Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M. H. L. S. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - D. Wood
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - D. Yates
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Yue
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - V. Zambrano
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Akerib D, Alsum S, Araújo H, Bai X, Balajthy J, Baxter A, Bernard E, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski T, Boulton E, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez M, Chan C, Cutter J, de Viveiros L, Druszkiewicz E, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell R, Ghag C, Gilchriese M, Gwilliam C, Hall C, Haselschwardt S, Hertel S, Hogan D, Horn M, Huang D, Ignarra C, Jacobsen R, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Korolkova E, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev V, Leason E, Lenardo B, Lesko K, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes M, Manalaysay A, Mannino R, Marangou N, McKinsey D, Mei DM, Moongweluwan M, Morad J, Murphy A, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson H, Neves F, Nilima A, Oliver-Mallory K, Palladino K, Pease E, Riffard Q, Rischbieter G, Rhyne C, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov V, Sorensen P, Sumner T, Szydagis M, Taylor D, Taylor R, Taylor W, Tennyson B, Terman P, Tiedt D, To W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Uvarov S, Vacheret A, Velan V, Webb R, White J, Whitis T, Witherell M, Wolfs F, Woodward D, Xu J, Zhang C. Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Druszkiewicz E, Fallon SR, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gilchriese MGD, Gwilliam C, Hall CR, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Korolkova EV, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev VA, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rhyne C, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Uvarov S, Velan V, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Woodward D, Xu J, Yazdani K, Zhang C. Results of a Search for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using 2013 LUX Data. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:131301. [PMID: 31012624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with sub-GeV masses off nuclei is difficult to detect using liquid xenon-based DM search instruments because the energy transfer during nuclear recoils is smaller than the typical detector threshold. However, the tree-level DM-nucleus scattering diagram can be accompanied by simultaneous emission of a bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called "Migdal" electron. These provide an electron recoil component to the experimental signature at higher energies than the corresponding nuclear recoil. The presence of this signature allows liquid xenon detectors to use both the scintillation and the ionization signals in the analysis where the nuclear recoil signal would not be otherwise visible. We report constraints on spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering for DM particles with masses of 0.4-5 GeV/c^{2} using 1.4×10^{4} kg day of search exposure from the 2013 data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment for four different classes of mediators. This analysis extends the reach of liquid xenon-based DM search instruments to lower DM masses than has been achieved previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - B Boxer
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S R Fallon
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B G Lenardo
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Riffard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- California State University Stanislaus, Department of Physics, 1 University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - U Utku
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Velan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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5
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Akerib DS, Alsum S, Aquino C, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Brás P, Byram D, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fallon SR, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Velan V, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Xu J, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. First Searches for Axions and Axionlike Particles with the LUX Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:261301. [PMID: 28707937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The first searches for axions and axionlike particles with the Large Underground Xenon experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axioelectric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons g_{Ae} is tested using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totaling 95 live days ×118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes g_{Ae} larger than 3.5×10^{-12} (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c^{2}, while for the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zhakharov description masses above 36.6 eV/c^{2} are excluded. For galactic axionlike particles, values of g_{Ae} larger than 4.2×10^{-13} are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c^{2}. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Aquino
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R Fallon
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Velan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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6
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Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Brás P, Byram D, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fallon SR, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Velan V, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Xu J, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Section Obtained from the Complete LUX Exposure. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:251302. [PMID: 28696768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.251302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from the total 129.5 kg yr exposure acquired by the Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX), operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota (USA). A profile likelihood ratio analysis allows 90% C.L. upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of σ_{n}=1.6×10^{-41} cm^{2} (σ_{p}=5×10^{-40} cm^{2}) at 35 GeV c^{-2}, almost a sixfold improvement over the previous LUX spin-dependent results. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R Fallon
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- California State University Stanislaus, Department of Physics, 1 University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Velan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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7
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Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Bramante R, Brás P, Byram D, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Ihm M, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Phelps P, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Xu J, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:021303. [PMID: 28128598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon scattering using a 3.35×10^{4} kg day exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. A dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with 250 kg of active mass is operated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility under Lead, South Dakota (USA). With roughly fourfold improvement in sensitivity for high WIMP masses relative to our previous results, this search yields no evidence of WIMP nuclear recoils. At a WIMP mass of 50 GeV c^{-2}, WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross sections above 2.2×10^{-46} cm^{2} are excluded at the 90% confidence level. When combined with the previously reported LUX exposure, this exclusion strengthens to 1.1×10^{-46} cm^{2} at 50 GeV c^{-2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - R Bramante
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ihm
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Phelps
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A and M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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8
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Akerib DS, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Bradley A, Bramante R, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chapman JJ, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Ihm M, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Ott RA, Palladino KJ, Pangilinan M, Pease EK, Phelps P, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor W, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:161302. [PMID: 27152786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.161302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle)-nucleon elastic cross sections from LUX data acquired in 2013. LUX is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), which is designed to observe the recoil signature of galactic WIMPs scattering from xenon nuclei. A profile likelihood ratio analysis of 1.4×10^{4} kg day of fiducial exposure allows 90% C.L. upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of σ_{n}=9.4×10^{-41} cm^{2} (σ_{p}=2.9×10^{-39} cm^{2}) at 33 GeV/c^{2}. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bradley
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - R Bramante
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J J Chapman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ihm
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Ott
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Phelps
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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9
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Akerib DS, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Bradley A, Bramante R, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chapman JJ, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Currie A, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards BN, Faham CH, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall CR, Hanhardt M, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Ihm M, Jacobsen RG, Ji W, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, O'Sullivan K, Oliver-Mallory KC, Ott RA, Palladino KJ, Pangilinan M, Pease EK, Phelps P, Reichhart L, Rhyne C, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stephenson S, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor W, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Uvarov S, Verbus JR, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Yazdani K, Young SK, Zhang C. Improved Limits on Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from Reanalysis of 2013 LUX Data. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:161301. [PMID: 27152785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present constraints on weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP)-nucleus scattering from the 2013 data of the Large Underground Xenon dark matter experiment, including 1.4×10^{4} kg day of search exposure. This new analysis incorporates several advances: single-photon calibration at the scintillation wavelength, improved event-reconstruction algorithms, a revised background model including events originating on the detector walls in an enlarged fiducial volume, and new calibrations from decays of an injected tritium β source and from kinematically constrained nuclear recoils down to 1.1 keV. Sensitivity, especially to low-mass WIMPs, is enhanced compared to our previous results which modeled the signal only above a 3 keV minimum energy. Under standard dark matter halo assumptions and in the mass range above 4 GeV c^{-2}, these new results give the most stringent direct limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section. The 90% C.L. upper limit has a minimum of 0.6 zb at 33 GeV c^{-2} WIMP mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bradley
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - R Bramante
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J J Chapman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B N Edwards
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ihm
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Ott
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Phelps
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Stephenson
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S K Young
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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10
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Akerib DS, Araújo HM, Bai X, Bailey AJ, Balajthy J, Bedikian S, Bernard E, Bernstein A, Bolozdynya A, Bradley A, Byram D, Cahn SB, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Chapman JJ, Chiller AA, Chiller C, Clark K, Coffey T, Currie A, Curioni A, Dazeley S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson J, Dragowsky EM, Druszkiewicz E, Edwards B, Faham CH, Fiorucci S, Flores C, Gaitskell RJ, Gehman VM, Ghag C, Gibson KR, Gilchriese MGD, Hall C, Hanhardt M, Hertel SA, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ihm M, Jacobsen RG, Kastens L, Kazkaz K, Knoche R, Kyre S, Lander R, Larsen NA, Lee C, Leonard DS, Lesko KT, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Lyashenko A, Malling DC, Mannino R, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Mock J, Moongweluwan M, Morad J, Morii M, Murphy ASJ, Nehrkorn C, Nelson H, Neves F, Nikkel JA, Ott RA, Pangilinan M, Parker PD, Pease EK, Pech K, Phelps P, Reichhart L, Shutt T, Silva C, Skulski W, Sofka CJ, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Stiegler T, O'Sullivan K, Sumner TJ, Svoboda R, Sweany M, Szydagis M, Taylor D, Tennyson B, Tiedt DR, Tripathi M, Uvarov S, Verbus JR, Walsh N, Webb R, White JT, White D, Witherell MS, Wlasenko M, Wolfs FLH, Woods M, Zhang C. First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford underground research facility. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:091303. [PMID: 24655239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 10(-46) cm(2) at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c(2). We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- High Energy Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- High Energy Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Bedikian
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - E Bernard
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - A Bradley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - D Byram
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - S B Cahn
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA and Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Chan
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J J Chapman
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A A Chiller
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C Chiller
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - T Coffey
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - A Currie
- High Energy Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Curioni
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S Dazeley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L de Viveiros
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Dobi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Dobson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - E M Dragowsky
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - B Edwards
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C H Faham
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C Flores
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K R Gibson
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Hanhardt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA and South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M Horn
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - M Ihm
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Kastens
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Knoche
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Kyre
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Lander
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - N A Larsen
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Lee
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - D S Leonard
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Lyashenko
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D C Malling
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R Mannino
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - J Mock
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Morad
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Morii
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H Nelson
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J A Nikkel
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - R A Ott
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Pangilinan
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - P D Parker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - K Pech
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - P Phelps
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Shutt
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W Skulski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C J Sofka
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Stiegler
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- High Energy Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - R Svoboda
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Sweany
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - D Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - B Tennyson
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S Uvarov
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - N Walsh
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R Webb
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D White
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Wlasenko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Woods
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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