1
|
Razavi M, Xing E, Ediger MD. Overaging with Stress in Polymer Glasses? Faster Segmental Dynamics despite Larger Yield Stress! Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neyertz S, Brown D, Salimi S, Radmanesh F, Benes NE. Molecular characterization of polyOAPS-imide isomer hyper-cross-linked membranes: Free-volume morphologies and sorption isotherms for CH4 and CO2. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
3
|
Neyertz S, Salimi S, Radmanesh F, Benes NE, Brown D. High-temperature molecular screening of hybrid polyOAPS-imide networks based on octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane for increased thermomechanical resistance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11438-11454. [PMID: 33955430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of hybrid hyper-cross-linked thin films based on inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages covalently bound with short organic imides has recently been developed using interfacial polycondensation followed by high-temperature imidization. These polyPOSS-imide networks were aimed at gas separations under harsh conditions, but the aliphatic arms of the initial POSS precursor, octa(aminopropyl)silsesquioxane, were found to be a weak link. This work investigates the replacement of the aliphatic arm by a phenyl derivative, octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane (OAPS). Although this new precursor is expected to be more thermoresistant, it introduces extra degrees of complexity since the functional -NH2 group on the phenyl ring can either be attached at a meta, a para or an ortho position. In order to avoid a costly programme of synthesis and testing, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to efficiently screen a large number of candidate structures based on mixtures of the three OAPS isomers, the initial POSS and three organic precursors, the PMDA, 6FDA and ODPA dianhydrides. Following cross-linking at room temperature, twenty-two model networks were further relaxed at the imidization temperature and directly tested under harsh conditions at 300 °C. The screening stage included the characterization of their intercage single-links and double-links, which reinforce the structures, and intracage links, which have the opposite effect. Carrying out the cross-linking reactions to completion significantly improved the resistance to isotropic dilation. The initial POSS as well as the flexible 6FDA and ODPA linkers were found to be prone to large deformations, whereas the orthoOAPS, metaOAPS, paraOAPS and the PMDA linker prevented volume dilations. Upon uniaxial tension, the Young's moduli varied in the order paraOAPS < POSS ≈ metaOAPS < orthoOAPS for the inorganic precursors and in the order 6FDA < ODPA < PMDA for the organic precursors. In all cases, the networks based on either orthoOAPS and/or PMDA displayed superior resistance. Nine polyOAPS-imides were further heated up to 400 °C, i.e. closer to the expected degradation, and re-submitted to isotropic dilations and uniaxial tensions. They confirmed the trends found at 300 °C with no signs of structural collapse. Using OAPS as the inorganic precursor thus significantly reinforces the thermoresistance of these hybrid hyper-cross-linked networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Neyertz
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Saman Salimi
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Farzaneh Radmanesh
- Films in Fluids, Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E Benes
- Films in Fluids, Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David Brown
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge T, Wang J, Robbins MO. Effects of Coarse-Graining on Molecular Simulations of Mechanical Properties of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark O. Robbins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bennin T, Xing E, Ricci J, Ediger MD. Rejuvenation Versus Overaging: The Effect of Cyclic Loading/Unloading on the Segmental Dynamics of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glasses. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haugan IN, Lee B, Maher MJ, Zografos A, Schibur HJ, Jones SD, Hillmyer MA, Bates FS. Physical Aging of Polylactide-Based Graft Block Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seamus D. Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oleinik EF, Mazo MA, Strel’nikov IA, Rudnev SN, Salamatina OB. Plasticity Mechanism for Glassy Polymers: Computer Simulation Picture. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Yu Y, Wang M, Smedskjaer MM, Mauro JC, Sant G, Bauchy M. Thermometer Effect: Origin of the Mixed Alkali Effect in Glass Relaxation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:095501. [PMID: 28949559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic increase of viscosity as temperature decreases, some glasses are known to feature room-temperature relaxation. However, the structural origin of this phenomenon-known as the "thermometer effect"-remains unclear. Here, based on accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of alkali silicate glasses, we show that both enthalpy and volume follow stretched exponential decay functions upon relaxation. However, we observe a bifurcation of their stretching exponents, with β=3/5 and 3/7 for enthalpy and volume relaxation, respectively, in agreement with Phillips's topological diffusion-trap model. Based on these results, we demonstrate that the thermometer effect is a manifestation of the mixed alkali effect. We show that relaxation is driven by the existence of stressed local structural instabilities in mixed alkali glasses. This driving force is found to be at a maximum when the concentrations of each alkali atom equal each other, which arises from a balance between the concentration of each alkali atom and the magnitude of the local stress that they experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Yu
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin P, Xu Q, Cheng S, Li X, Zhao Z, Sun S, Peng C, Joy A, Wang SQ. Effects of Molecular Weight Reduction on Brittle–Ductile Transition and Elastic Yielding Due to Noninvasive γ Irradiation on Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Quan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhichen Zhao
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shuangyi Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chao Peng
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neyertz S, Brown D, Raaijmakers MJT, Benes NE. The influence of the dianhydride precursor in hyper-cross-linked hybrid polyPOSS-imide networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28688-28703. [PMID: 27713943 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic/inorganic hyper-cross-linked membranes based on imides covalently bonded with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have recently been developed for gas-separation applications under high pressure and/or temperature conditions. Their molecular sieving capabilities have been shown to depend on the nature of the organic dianhydride precursor. In the present work, realistic molecular models of such polyPOSS-imide films based on the flexible 6FDA dianhydride are compared to those based on the shorter and more rigid PMDA dianhydride. The models creation procedure closely mimicks the mixing, polycondensation and imidization steps of the experimental scheme. The resulting networks are found to be highly heterogeneous in terms of both the number of links (from zero to the maximum possible of eight per POSS cage with an average of four) and their structure (interPOSS, intraPOSS, single-links, double-links) because of the eight-equivalent-arms nature of the POSS precursor. For both dianhydride precursors, crosslinking with POSS and the subsequent imidization step decrease the density, create additional void-space and increase the solubility of the resulting membranes. However, when compared to PMDA, the added flexibility of the central 6FDA bridge leads to a larger thermally-induced dilation of the networks and a larger volume loss per H2O over the imidization step. With their better ability to redensify and to adapt to the added constraints, the cagecage distances and cage(organic bridge)cage angles in the 6FDA polyPOSS-imides span a larger range than in their PMDA counterparts. In addition, the stiffness of the PMDA moiety results in more unrelaxed free volume remaining trapped in the PMDA polyPOSS-imides upon imidization, and as such, to significantly more open structures with less favourable interactions. As expected from their enhanced flexibility, the thermomechanical properties of the 6FDA networks are slightly lower than those based on PMDA. However, the better mechanical resistance of PMDA over 6FDA does not really become significant before very large volume dilations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Neyertz
- LEPMI, University Savoie Mont Blanc, F-73000 Chambéry, France. and LEPMI, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Brown
- LEPMI, University Savoie Mont Blanc, F-73000 Chambéry, France. and LEPMI, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michiel J T Raaijmakers
- Films in Fluids, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E Benes
- Films in Fluids, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nazarychev VM, Lyulin AV, Larin SV, Gofman IV, Kenny JM, Lyulin SV. Correlation between the High-Temperature Local Mobility of Heterocyclic Polyimides and Their Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Nazarychev
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi
pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey V. Larin
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi
pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iosif V. Gofman
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi
pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - José M. Kenny
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi
pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Materials
Science and Technology Centre, University of Perugia, Loc. Pentima,
4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Sergey V. Lyulin
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi
pr. 31 (V.O.), 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaushal M, Joshi YM. Analyzing aging under oscillatory strain field through the soft glassy rheology model. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kaushal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Yogesh M. Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nazarychev VM, Lyulin AV, Larin SV, Gurtovenko AA, Kenny JM, Lyulin SV. Molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial deformation of thermoplastic polyimides. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3972-3981. [PMID: 27033967 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The results of atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations of mechanical properties of heterocyclic polymer subjected to uniaxial deformation are reported. A new amorphous thermoplastic polyimide R-BAPO with a repeat unit consisting of dianhydride 1,3-bis-(3',4,-dicarboxyphenoxy)diphenyl (dianhydride R) and diamine 4,4'-bis-(4''-aminophenoxy)diphenyloxide (diamine BAPO) was chosen for the simulations. Our primary goal was to establish the impact of various factors (sample preparation method, molecular mass, and cooling and deformation rates) on the elasticity modulus. In particular, we found that the elasticity modulus was only slightly affected by the degree of equilibration, the molecular mass and the size of the simulation box. This is most likely due to the fact that the main contribution to the elasticity modulus is from processes on scales smaller than the entanglement length. Essentially, our simulations reproduce the logarithmic dependence of the elasticity modulus on cooling and deformation rates, which is normally observed in experiments. With the use of the temperature dependence analysis of the elasticity modulus we determined the flow temperature of R-BAPO to be 580 K in line with the experimental data available. Furthermore, we found that the application of high external pressure to the polymer sample during uniaxial deformation can improve the mechanical properties of the polyimide. Overall, the results of our simulations clearly demonstrate that atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations represent a powerful and accurate tool for studying the mechanical properties of heterocyclic polymers and can therefore be useful for the virtual design of new materials, thereby supporting cost-effective synthesis and experimental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Nazarychev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin P, Liu J, Wang SQ. Delineating nature of stress responses during ductile uniaxial extension of polycarbonate glass. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of ductile polymer glasses from large extension and compression. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Li X, Wang SQ. Mapping Brittle and Ductile Behaviors of Polymeric Glasses under Large Extension. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1110-1113. [PMID: 35614813 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a series of tensile extension tests on the two most common polymer glasses to describe their generic mechanical responses as a function of deformation rate at different temperatures. The essentially defect-free polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) both show remarkable re-entrant failure: being ductile at intermediate rates and showing diminishing toughness at both higher and lower rates. We draw phase diagrams to map out the relationship between brittle-like and yield-like states in terms of temperature, rate, and stress. A coherent understanding of the rich phenomenology requires us to describe in more detail the interplay between the chain network and the primary structure bonded by intersegmental van der Waals forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Morton Institutes of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Morton Institutes of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu J, Lin P, Cheng S, Wang W, Mays JW, Wang SQ. Polystyrene Glasses under Compression: Ductile and Brittle Responses. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1072-1076. [PMID: 35614806 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene of different molecular weights and their binary mixtures are studied in terms of their various mechanical responses to uniaxial compression at different temperatures. PS of Mw = 25 kg/mol is completely brittle until it is above its glass transition temperature Tg. In contrast, upon incorporation of a high molecular weight component, PS mixtures turn from barely ductile a few degrees below its Tg to ductile over 40° below Tg. In the upper limit, a PS of Mw = 319 kg/mol yields and undergoes plastic flow, even at T = -70 °C. The observed dependence of mechanical responses on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be adequately rationalized by the idea that yielding and plastic compression are caused by chain networking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu Y, Wang M, Zhang D, Wang B, Sant G, Bauchy M. Stretched Exponential Relaxation of Glasses at Low Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:165901. [PMID: 26550886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.165901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether glass continues to relax at low temperature is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, we report a novel atomistic simulation method allowing us to directly access the long-term dynamics of glass relaxation at room temperature. We find that the potential energy relaxation follows a stretched exponential decay, with a stretching exponent β=3/5, as predicted by Phillips's diffusion-trap model. Interestingly, volume relaxation is also found. However, it is not correlated to the energy relaxation, but it is rather a manifestation of the mixed alkali effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Yu
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Bu Wang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ondreas F, Jancar J. Temperature, Frequency, and Small Static Stress Dependence of the Molecular Mobility in Deformed Amorphous Polymers near Their Glass Transition. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Jancar
- CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cugini AV, Lesser AJ. Aspects of physical aging, mechanical rejuvenation, and thermal annealing in a new copolyester. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela V. Cugini
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Alan J. Lesser
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bending B, Christison K, Ricci J, Ediger MD. Measurement of Segmental Mobility during Constant Strain Rate Deformation of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glass. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402275r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bending
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kelly Christison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nazarychev VM, Larin SV, Lukasheva NV, Glova AD, Lyulin SV. Evaluation of the characteristic equilibration times of bulk polyimides via full-atomic computer simulation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x1308004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Hudzinskyy D, Michels MAJ, Lyulin AV. Rejuvenation, Aging, and Confinement Effects in Atactic-Polystyrene Films Subjected to Oscillatory Shear. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Chung YG, Lacks DJ. Atomic Mobility in a Polymer Glass after Shear and Thermal Cycles. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14201-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchul G. Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United
States
| | - Daniel J. Lacks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Muntean SA, Gerasimov RA, Lyulin AV. Dynamics of Water Near Oxidized Polystyrene Films. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Lacks DJ. Sheared polymer glass and the question of mechanical rejuvenation. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:124907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3698473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Smessaert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road,
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road,
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Muntean SA, Kemper M, van IJzendoorn LJ, Lyulin AV. Roughness and ordering at the interface of oxidized polystyrene and water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8678-8686. [PMID: 21699178 DOI: 10.1021/la200203s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, atomistically detailed molecular dynamics calculations revealed molecular ordering of the water-oxidized atactic polystyrene (aPS) interface. Both ordering of the water molecules and the phenyl rings occur. In addition, the natural roughness of the surface has been simulated and compared to experimental values. The composition of the simulated aPS films is based on spin-coated aPS films that have been oxidized and characterized experimentally. The aPS surfaces are oxidized with ultraviolet-ozone radiation and have been characterized by XPS, AFM, and water contact angle measurements. XPS measurements show that the oxygen content in the sample increases rapidly with exposure and reaches saturation near 24 at. % of oxygen. The molecular dynamics simulations show smoothening of an hydrophobic aPS surface upon transition from vacuum to water. The smoothening decreases with increasing hydrophilicity. The calculations reveal ordering of oxidized phenyl rings for aPS surfaces in water. The order increases with increasing hydrophilicity. Additionally, we investigated the water structure near the aPS-water interface as a function of the surface hydrophilicity. With increasing hydrophilicity, the density of water at the aPS-water interface increases. The water density profile is steeper in the presence of hydrophobic aPS. The water shows an ordered layer near both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces; the position of this layer shifts toward the interface with increasing hydrophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stela Andrea Muntean
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter (TPS), Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li C, Strachan A. Molecular dynamics predictions of thermal and mechanical properties of thermoset polymer EPON862/DETDA. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Metatla N, Soldera A. Effect of the Molar Volume on the Elastic Properties of Vinylic Polymers: A Static Molecular Modeling Approach. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Hudzinskyy D, Lyulin AV, Baljon ARC, Balabaev NK, Michels MAJ. Effects of Strong Confinement on the Glass-Transition Temperature in Simulated Atactic Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102567s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Hudzinskyy
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arlette R. C. Baljon
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | | | - Matthias A. J. Michels
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Warren M, Rottler J. Deformation-induced accelerated dynamics in polymer glasses. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164513. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3505149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Lee HN, Ediger MD. Interaction between physical aging, deformation, and segmental mobility in poly(methyl methacrylate) glasses. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:014901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3450318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lee HN, Ediger MD. Mechanical Rejuvenation in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glasses? Molecular Mobility after Deformation. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1006649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Nan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Warren M, Rottler J. Microscopic view of accelerated dynamics in deformed polymer glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:205501. [PMID: 20867036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.205501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A molecular level analysis of segmental trajectories obtained from molecular dynamics simulations is used to obtain the full relaxation time spectrum in aging polymer glasses subject to three different deformation protocols. As in experiments, dynamics can be accelerated by several orders of magnitude, and a narrowing of the distribution of relaxation times during creep is directly observed. Additionally, the acceleration factor describing the transformation of the relaxation time distributions is computed and found to obey a universal dependence on the strain, independent of age and deformation protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mya Warren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rottler J. Fracture in glassy polymers: a molecular modeling perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:463101. [PMID: 21715863 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/463101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, molecular modeling and simulations have provided important insights into the physics of deformation and fracture of glassy polymers. This review presents an overview of key results discussed in the context of experimentally observed polymer behavior. Both atomistic and coarse-grained polymer models have been used in different deformation protocols to study elastic properties, shear yielding, creep, physical aging, strain hardening and crazing. Simulations reproduce most of the macroscopic features of plasticity in polymer glasses such as stress-strain relations and creep response, and reveal information about the underlying atomistic processes. Trends of the shear yield stress with loading conditions, temperature and strain rate, and the atomistic dynamics under load have been systematically explored. Most polymers undergo physical aging, which leads to a history-dependent mechanical response. Simulations of strain hardening and crazing demonstrate the nature of polymer entanglements in the glassy state and the role of local plasticity and provide insight into the origin of fracture toughness of amorphous polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee HN, Riggleman RA, de Pablo JJ, Ediger MD. Deformation-Induced Mobility in Polymer Glasses during Multistep Creep Experiments and Simulations. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900394n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Nan Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vorselaars B, Lyulin AV, Michels MAJ. Deforming glassy polystyrene: Influence of pressure, thermal history, and deformation mode on yielding and hardening. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:074905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Mulder T, Harmandaris VA, Lyulin AV, van der Vegt NFA, Kremer K, Michels MAJ. Structural Properties of Atactic Polystyrene of Different Thermal History Obtained from a Multiscale Simulation. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800873z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Mulder
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V. A. Harmandaris
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N. F. A. van der Vegt
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Kremer
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. A. J. Michels
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Warren M, Rottler J. Mechanical rejuvenation and overaging in the soft glassy rheology model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:041502. [PMID: 18999430 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical rejuvenation and overaging of glasses is investigated through stochastic simulations of the soft glassy rheology (SGR) model. Strain- and stress-controlled deformation cycles for a wide range of loading conditions are analyzed and compared to molecular dynamics simulations of a model polymer glass. Results indicate that deformation causes predominantly rejuvenation, whereas overaging occurs only at very low temperatures, small strains, and for high initial energy states. Although the creep compliance in the SGR model exhibits full aging independent of applied load, large stresses in the nonlinear creep regime cause configurational changes leading to rejuvenation of the relaxation time spectrum probed after a stress cycle. During recovery, however, the rejuvenated state rapidly returns to the original aging trajectory due to collective relaxations of the internal strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mya Warren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mulder T, Harmandaris VA, Lyulin AV, van der Vegt NFA, Vorselaars B, Michels MAJ. Equilibration and Deformation of Amorphous Polystyrene: Scale-jumping Simulational Approach. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|