1
|
Hertkorn J, Schmidt JN, Guo M, Böttcher F, Ng KSH, Graham SD, Uerlings P, Büchler HP, Langen T, Zwierlein M, Pfau T. Supersolidity in Two-Dimensional Trapped Dipolar Droplet Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:155301. [PMID: 34678009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the ground states and the spectrum of elementary excitations across the superfluid to droplet crystallization transition of an oblate dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. We systematically identify regimes where spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of a supersolid phase with characteristic collective excitations, such as the Higgs amplitude mode. Furthermore, we study the dynamics across the transition and show how these supersolids can be realized with standard protocols in state-of-the-art experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hertkorn
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J-N Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Guo
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Böttcher
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K S H Ng
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S D Graham
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Uerlings
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Zwierlein
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanzi L, Maloberti JG, Biagioni G, Fioretti A, Gabbanini C, Modugno G. Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from nonclassical rotational inertia. Science 2021; 371:1162-1165. [PMID: 33602866 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A key manifestation of superfluidity in liquids and gases is a reduction of the moment of inertia under slow rotations. Nonclassical rotational effects have also been considered in the context of the elusive supersolid phase of matter, in which superfluidity coexists with a lattice structure. Here, we show that the recently discovered supersolid phase in dipolar quantum gases features a reduced moment of inertia. Using a dipolar gas of dysprosium atoms, we studied a peculiar rotational oscillation mode in a harmonic potential, the scissors mode, previously investigated in ordinary superfluids. From the measured moment of inertia, we deduced a superfluid fraction that is different from zero and of order of unity, providing direct evidence of the superfluid nature of the dipolar supersolid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tanzi
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J G Maloberti
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Biagioni
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Fioretti
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Gabbanini
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Modugno
- CNR-INO, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy. .,LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mason P, Josserand C, Rica S. Activated nucleation of vortices in a dipole-blockaded supersolid condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:045301. [PMID: 23006094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and numerically a model of a supersolid in a dipole-blockaded Bose-Einstein condensate. The dependence of the superfluid fraction with an imposed thermal bath and a uniform boost velocity on the condensate is considered. Specifically, we observe a critical velocity for the nucleation of vortices in our system that is strongly linked to a steplike decrease in the superfluid fraction. We are able to use a scaling argument based on the energy required to activate a vortex, relating the critical temperature to the critical velocity, and find that this relationship is in good agreement with the numerical simulations carried out on the nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mason
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henkel N, Cinti F, Jain P, Pupillo G, Pohl T. Supersolid vortex crystals in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:265301. [PMID: 23004994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study rotating quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, in which atoms are dressed to a highly excited Rydberg state. This leads to weak effective interactions that induce a transition to a mesoscopic supersolid state. Considering slow rotation, we determine its superfluidity using quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as mean field calculations. For rapid rotation, the latter reveal an interesting competition between the supersolid crystal structure and the rotation-induced vortex lattice that gives rise to new phases, including arrays of mesoscopic vortex crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Henkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|