1
|
Igamberdiev AU. Citrate valve integrates mitochondria into photosynthetic metabolism. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:218-230. [PMID: 32278088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While in heterotrophic cells and in darkness mitochondria serve as main producers of energy, during photosynthesis this function is transferred to chloroplasts and the main role of mitochondria in bioenergetics turns to be the balance of the level of phosphorylation of adenylates and of reduction of pyridine nucleotides to avoid over-energization of the cell and optimize major metabolic fluxes. This is achieved via the establishment and regulation of local equilibria of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes malate dehydrogenase and fumarase in one branch and aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in another branch. In the conditions of elevation of redox level, the TCA cycle is transformed into a non-cyclic open structure (hemicycle) leading to the export of the tricarboxylic acid (citrate) to the cytosol and to the accumulation of the dicarboxylic acids (malate and fumarate). While the buildup of NADPH in chloroplasts provides operation of the malate valve leading to establishment of NADH/NAD+ ratios in different cell compartments, the production of NADH by mitochondria drives citrate export by establishing conditions for the operation of the citrate valve. The latter regulates the intercompartmental NADPH/NADP+ ratio and contributes to the biosynthesis of amino acids and other metabolic products during photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Mitochondria are sites for respiration to produce chemical energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Their primary role has been viewed as the oxidation of organic acids via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the synthesis of ATP coupled to the transfer of electrons to O2. TCA cycle enzymes are essential for plant carbon metabolism and provide the reductant for the electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes that in turn drives ATP synthesis. The activity of individual enzymes will determine the flux of metabolism and thus the downstream consequences for respiration rate. Measurements of activities of mitochondrial enzymes, such as components of TCA cycle and the ETC, can provide insight into regulation of mitochondrial function. The activities of these enzymes vary between developmental stages, in different tissues, and in response to environmental conditions. In this chapter, methods for enzymatic assay of TCA cycle enzymes and a number of the ETC complex enzymes are described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobai Huang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Igamberdiev AU, Lernmark U, Gardeström P. Activity of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in plants is stimulated in the presence of malate. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:184-90. [PMID: 24747677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of malate on the steady-state activity of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) has been studied in isolated mitochondria. The addition of malate was found to be stimulatory for the mitochondrial PDC, however there was no stimulation of chloroplast PDC. The stimulation was saturated below 1mM malate and was apparently related to а partially activated complex, which activity increased in the presence of malate by about twofold. Malate also reversed the reduction of PDC activity in the presence of glycine. Based on the obtained kinetic data, we suggest that the effect of malate is rather not a direct activation of PDC but involves the establishment of NAD-malate dehydrogenase equilibrium, decreasing concentration of NADH and relieving its inhibitory effect of PDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Ulrikа Lernmark
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Gardeström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Havelund JF, Thelen JJ, Møller IM. Biochemistry, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics of plant mitochondria from non-photosynthetic cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:51. [PMID: 23494127 PMCID: PMC3595712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill some basic roles in all plant cells. They supply the cell with energy in the form of ATP and reducing equivalents [NAD(P)H] and they provide the cell with intermediates for a range of biosynthetic pathways. In addition to this, mitochondria contribute to a number of specialized functions depending on the tissue and cell type, as well as environmental conditions. We will here review the biochemistry and proteomics of mitochondria from non-green cells and organs, which differ from those of photosynthetic organs in a number of respects. We will briefly cover purification of mitochondria and general biochemical properties such as oxidative phosphorylation. We will then mention a few adaptive properties in response to water stress, seed maturation and germination, and the ability to function under hypoxic conditions. The discussion will mainly focus on Arabidopsis cell cultures, etiolated germinating rice seedlings and potato tubers as model plants. It will cover the general proteome as well as the posttranslational modification protein phosphorylation. To date 64 phosphorylated mitochondrial proteins with a total of 103 phosphorylation sites have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper F. Havelund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Ian M. Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miernyk JA, Johnston ML, Huber SC, Tovar-Méndez A, Hoyos E, Randall DD. Oxidation of an Adjacent Methionine Residue Inhibits Regulatory Seryl-Phosphorylation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase. PROTEOMICS INSIGHTS 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/pri.s2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Met residue is located adjacent to phosphorylation site 1 in the sequences of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunits. When synthetic peptides including site 1 were treated with H2O2, the Met residue was oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetSO), and the peptides were no longer phosphorylated by E1α-kinase. Isolated mitochondria were incubated under state III or IV conditions, lysed, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) immunoprecipitated, and tryptic peptides analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In all instances both Met and MetSO site 1 tryptic-peptides were detected. Similar results were obtained when suspension-cultured cells were incubated with chemical agents known to stimulate production of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria. Treatment with these agents had no effect upon the amount of total PDC, but decreased the proportion of P-PDC. We propose that the redox-state of the Met residue adjacent to phosphorylation site 1 of pyruvate dehydrogenase contributes to overall regulation of PDC activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Miernyk
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mark L. Johnston
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Steve C. Huber
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 197 ERML, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Elizabeth Hoyos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Douglas D. Randall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Lis R, Atteia A. Control of Mitochondrial Function via Photosynthetic Redox Signals. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2004; 79:133-48. [PMID: 16228388 DOI: 10.1023/b:pres.0000015409.14871.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic cells, mitochondrial respiration is of major importance not only in the dark but also in the light. Important progress has been made in our understanding of the roles played by mitochondria in light. The light signal is likely to reach cellular compartments such as the mitochondrion and the nucleus via different chloroplast-originated redox messages. The potential involvement of these messages in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity by light is discussed in view of the available experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert van Lis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-243, 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Ariane Atteia
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA; present address: Institute of Botany III, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitochondrial Functions in the Light and Significance to Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48138-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
8
|
Atkin OK, Zhang Q, Wiskich JT. Effect of temperature on rates of alternative and cytochrome pathway respiration and their relationship with the redox poise of the quinone pool. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 128:212-22. [PMID: 11788767 PMCID: PMC148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2001] [Accepted: 09/07/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of short-term changes in temperature on alternative (Alt) and cytochrome (Cyt) pathway respiration, both in intact tissues and isolated mitochondria of 14-d-old cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. cv Stevens). We also established the extent to which temperature alters the interaction between the oxidizing pathways and the level of ubiquinone (UQ) reduction (UQ(r)/UQ(t)). No difference was found between the temperature coefficient of respiration (Q(10); proportional change per 10 degrees C) of Alt and Cyt pathway respiration in cotyledon slices (Q(10) = 1.92 and 1.86, respectively). In isolated mitochondria, the Q(10) of the fully activated Alt pathway (Q(10) = 2.24-2.61) was always equal to, or higher than, that of Cyt c oxidase (COX) alone (Q(10) = 2.08) and the complete Cyt pathway (Q(10) = 2.40-2.55). This was true regardless of substrate or whether ADP was present. There was little difference in the Q(10) of the Cyt pathway with or without ADP; however, the Q(10) of COX was substantially lower in the presence of an uncoupler (Q(10) = 1.61) than its absence (Q(10) = 2.08). The kinetics of Alt and Cyt pathway activity in relation to UQ(r)/UQ(t) were not affected by temperature. For a given UQ(r)/UQ(t) value, the proportion of maximum flux taking place was similar at all temperatures for both pathways (+/-ADP). However, the Q(10) of the Alt and the Cyt pathways (+ADP) increased with increasing UQ(r)/UQ(t). We conclude that the Alt pathway is not less temperature sensitive than the Cyt pathway or COX per se and that changes in the degree of control exerted by individual steps in the respiratory apparatus could result in changes in the Q(10) of mitochondrial O(2) uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen K Atkin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration in Leaves of Higher Plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48137-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Hoefnagel MH, Atkin OK, Wiskich JT. Interdependence between chloroplasts and mitochondria in the light and the dark. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
11
|
Yoshioka T, Uematsu T. Formation of N-Arylacylhydroxamic Acids from Nitroso Aromatic Compounds in Isolated Spinach Leaf Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1998; 46:606-610. [PMID: 10554285 DOI: 10.1021/jf970620s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of N-arylacetohydroxamic acids from nitroso aromatic compounds in the presence of pyruvate was investigated using isolated spinach leaf cells. The activity was enhanced by the addition of TPP, MgSO(4), and pyruvate, requirements for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Measurement of the kinetic parameters revealed that the K(m) values of nitroso aromatic compounds tested were identical and that electron-donating ring substituents decreased the catalytic efficiency. The activation energy of the formation of N-phenylacetohydroxamic acid was lower than that reported for porcine heart PDHC. With alpha-oxo acids tested, alpha-oxobutyrate served as a substrate to give the corresponding N-phenylpropionylhydroxamic acid. The activity of spinach leaf cells in N-phenylacetohydroxamic acid formation was found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts. The contribution of chloroplast PDHC to total activity in the formation of N-phenylacetohydroxamic acid was estimated to be 50% under the conditions used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Hygiene, Hokkaido Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Otaru 047-02, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|