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Noctor G, Cohen M, Trémulot L, Châtel-Innocenti G, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Glutathione: a key modulator of plant defence and metabolism through multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4549-4572. [PMID: 38676714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions are fundamental to energy conversion in living cells, and also determine and tune responses to the environment. Within this context, the tripeptide glutathione plays numerous roles. As an important antioxidant, glutathione confers redox stability on the cell and also acts as an interface between signalling pathways and metabolic reactions that fuel growth and development. It also contributes to the assembly of cell components, biosynthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites, inactivation of potentially deleterious compounds, and control of hormonal signalling intensity. The multiplicity of these roles probably explains why glutathione status has been implicated in influencing plant responses to many different conditions. In particular, there is now a considerable body of evidence showing that glutathione is a crucial player in governing the outcome of biotic stresses. This review provides an overview of glutathione synthesis, transport, degradation, and redox turnover in plants. It examines the expression of genes associated with these processes during pathogen challenge and related conditions, and considers the diversity of mechanisms by which glutathione can influence protein function and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Mathias Cohen
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lug Trémulot
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Benjamin G, Pandharikar G, Frendo P. Salicylic Acid in Plant Symbioses: Beyond Plant Pathogen Interactions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:861. [PMID: 35741382 PMCID: PMC9220041 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants form beneficial symbioses with a wide variety of microorganisms. Among these, endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are some of the most studied and well understood symbiotic interactions. These symbiotic microorganisms promote plant nutrition and growth. In exchange, they receive the carbon and metabolites necessary for their development and multiplication. In addition to their role in plant growth and development, these microorganisms enhance host plant tolerance to a wide range of environmental stress. Multiple studies have shown that these microorganisms modulate the phytohormone metabolism in the host plant. Among the phytohormones involved in the plant defense response against biotic environment, salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in activating plant defense. However, in addition to being a major actor in plant defense signaling against pathogens, SA has also been shown to be involved in plant-microbe symbiotic interactions. In this review, we summarize the impact of SA on the symbiotic interactions. In addition, we give an overview of the impact of the endophytes, AMF, and rhizobacteria on SA-mediated defense response against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Frendo
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06000 Nice, France;
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3
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Chen X, Li S, Zhao X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Xuan Y, Liu X, Fan H, Chen L, Duan Y. Modulation of (Homo)Glutathione Metabolism and H 2O 2 Accumulation during Soybean Cyst Nematode Infections in Susceptible and Resistant Soybean Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E388. [PMID: 31936278 PMCID: PMC7013558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant immune responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that activate defense pathways against pathogens, especially following resistance (R) gene-mediated pathogen recognition. Glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant and redox regulator, participates in the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the mechanism of GSH-mediated H2O2 generation in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that are resistant to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) remains unclear. To elucidate this underlying relationship, the feeding of race 3 of H. glycines with resistant cultivars, Peking and PI88788, was compared with that on a susceptible soybean cultivar, Williams 82. After 5, 10, and 15 days of SCN infection, we quantified γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) and (homo)glutathione ((h)GSH), and a gene expression analysis showed that GSH metabolism in resistant cultivars differed from that in susceptible soybean roots. ROS accumulation was examined both in resistant and susceptible roots upon SCN infection. The time of intense ROS generation was related to the differences of resistance mechanisms in Peking and PI88788. ROS accumulation that was caused by the (h)GSH depletion-arrested nematode development in susceptible Williams 82. These results suggest that (h)GSH metabolism in resistant soybeans plays a key role in the regulation of ROS-generated signals, leading to resistance against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Shaanxi key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
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Franzini VI, Azcón R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Aroca R. Rhizobial symbiosis modifies root hydraulic properties in bean plants under non-stressed and salinity-stressed conditions. PLANTA 2019; 249:1207-1215. [PMID: 30603790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobial symbiosis improved the water status of bean plants under salinity-stress conditions, in part by increasing their osmotic root water flow. One of the main problems for agriculture worldwide is the increasing salinization of farming lands. The use of soil beneficial microorganisms stands up as a way to tackle this problem. One approach is the use of rhizobial N2-fixing, nodule-forming bacteria. Salinity-stress causes leaf dehydration due to an imbalance between water lost through stomata and water absorbed by roots. The aim of the present study was to elucidate how rhizobial symbiosis modulates the water status of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants under salinity-stress conditions, by assessing the effects on root hydraulic properties. Bean plants were inoculated or not with a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain and subjected to moderate salinity-stress. The rhizobial symbiosis was found to improve leaf water status and root osmotic water flow under such conditions. Higher content of nitrogen and lower values of sodium concentration in root tissues were detected when compared to not inoculated plants. In addition, a drop in the osmotic potential of xylem sap and increased amount of PIP aquaporins could favour higher root osmotic water flow in the inoculated plants. Therefore, it was found that rhizobial symbiosis may also improve root osmotic water flow of the host plants under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Ide Franzini
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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5
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Alloing G, Mandon K, Boncompagni E, Montrichard F, Frendo P. Involvement of Glutaredoxin and Thioredoxin Systems in the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis between Legumes and Rhizobia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E182. [PMID: 30563061 PMCID: PMC6315971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous plants can form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria, during which plants provide bacteria with carbohydrates and an environment appropriate to their metabolism, in return for fixed atmospheric nitrogen. The symbiotic interaction leads to the formation of a new organ, the root nodule, where a coordinated differentiation of plant cells and bacteria occurs. The establishment and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis involves a redox control important for both the plant-bacteria crosstalk and the regulation of nodule metabolism. In this review, we discuss the involvement of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the two symbiotic partners during symbiosis. The crucial role of glutathione in redox balance and S-metabolism is presented. We also highlight the specific role of some thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in bacterial differentiation. Transcriptomics data concerning genes encoding components and targets of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in connection with the developmental step of the nodule are also considered in the model system Medicago truncatula⁻Sinorhizobium meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Françoise Montrichard
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé CEDEX, France.
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6
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Tang G, Xing S, Wang S, Yu L, Li X, Staehelin C, Yang M, Luo L. Regulation of cysteine residues in LsrB proteins fromSinorhizobium melilotiunder free-living and symbiotic oxidative stress. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:5130-5145. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences; Plant Science Center, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- School of Communication & Information Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Shenghui Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences; Plant Science Center, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Sunjun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences; Plant Science Center, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences; Plant Science Center, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioresources, School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Menghua Yang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, China-Australia Joint-Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology; Zhejiang A&F University; Zhejiang Lin'an 311300 China
| | - Li Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences; Plant Science Center, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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7
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Zhu D, Mei Y, Shi Y, Hu D, Ren Y, Gu Q, Shen W, Chen X, Xu L, Huang L. Involvement of glutathione in β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 204:92-100. [PMID: 27543888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH) was shown to induce lateral root (LR) formation in tomato. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive. In this report, the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the induction of lateral root triggered by β-CDH was investigated. Similar to the responses of β-CDH, exogenously applied with 0.1 mΜ GSH not only increased endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and the monochlorobimane (MCB)-dependent fluorescent analysis, but also induced, thereafter, LR formation. Meanwhile, both β-CDH- and GSH-induced lateral root primordia (LRP) exhibited a similar accelerated anatomic structure. Above inducible responses were blocked significantly when the L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing the first step of GSH biosynthesis, was separately applied. Upon β-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Exogenously applied with β-CDH could rescue N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA; IAA depletion)-triggered inhibition of LR formation. Further molecular evidence revealed that both β-CDH and GSH modulated gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes (CYCA2;1, CYCA3;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1) and auxin signaling genes (ARF7 and RSI-1), six marker genes responsible for LR formation. By contrast, above changes were sensitive to the co-treatment with BSO. All together, these results suggest a role for GSH in the regulation of tomato LR development triggered by β-CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yudong Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujian Shi
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dekun Hu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medicinal and Applications, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Quan Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingxi Xu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Gavrilovic S, Yan Z, Jurkiewicz AM, Stougaard J, Markmann K. Inoculation insensitive promoters for cell type enriched gene expression in legume roots and nodules. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:4. [PMID: 26807140 PMCID: PMC4724153 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment and maintenance of mutualistic plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere and within plant roots involve several root cell types. The processes of host-microbe recognition and infection require complex signal exchange and activation of downstream responses. These molecular events coordinate host responses across root cell layers during microbe invasion, ultimately triggering changes of root cell fates. The progression of legume root interactions with rhizobial bacteria has been addressed in numerous studies. However, tools to globally resolve the succession of molecular events in the host root at the cell type level have been lacking. To this end, we aimed to identify promoters exhibiting cell type enriched expression in roots of the model legume Lotus japonicus, as no comprehensive set of such promoters usable in legume roots is available to date. RESULTS Here, we use promoter:GUS fusions to characterize promoters stemming from Arabidopsis, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) or L. japonicus with respect to their expression in major cell types of the L. japonicus root differentiation zone, which shows molecular and morphological responses to symbiotic bacteria and fungi. Out of 24 tested promoters, 11 showed cell type enriched activity in L. japonicus roots. Covered cell types or cell type combinations are epidermis (1), epidermis and cortex (2), cortex (1), endodermis and pericycle (2), pericycle and phloem (4), or xylem (1). Activity of these promoters in the respective cell types was stable during early stages of infection of transgenic roots with the rhizobial symbiont of L. japonicus, Mesorhizobium loti. For a subset of five promoters, expression stability was further demonstrated in whole plant transgenics as well as in active nodules. CONCLUSIONS 11 promoters from Arabidopsis (10) or tomato (1) with enriched activity in major L. japonicus root and nodule cell types have been identified. Root expression patterns are independent of infection with rhizobial bacteria, providing a stable read-out in the root section responsive to symbiotic bacteria. Promoters are available as cloning vectors. We expect these tools to help provide a new dimension to our understanding of signaling circuits and transcript dynamics in symbiotic interactions of legumes with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Gavrilovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna M. Jurkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Cotin-Galvan L, Pozzi AC, Schwob G, Fournier P, Fernandez MP, Herrera-Belaroussi A. In-planta Sporulation Capacity Enhances Infectivity and Rhizospheric Competitiveness of Frankia Strains. Microbes Environ 2015; 31:11-8. [PMID: 26726131 PMCID: PMC4791110 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Frankia Sp+ strains maintain their ability to sporulate in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, producing abundant sporangia inside host plant cells, in contrast to Sp- strains, which are unable to perform in-planta sporulation. We herein examined the role of in-planta sporulation in Frankia infectivity and competitiveness for root infection. Fifteen strains belonging to different Sp+ and Sp- phylogenetic lineages were inoculated on seedlings of Alnus glutinosa (Ag) and A. incana (Ai). Strain competitiveness was investigated by performing Sp-/Sp+ co-inoculations. Plant inoculations were standardized using crushed nodules obtained under laboratory-controlled conditions (same plant species, age, and environmental factors). Specific oligonucleotide primers were developed to identify Frankia Sp+ and/or Sp- strains in the resulting nodules. Single inoculation experiments showed that (i) infectivity by Sp+ strains was significantly greater than that by Sp- strains, (ii) genetically divergent Sp+ strains exhibited different infective abilities, and (iii) Sp+ and Sp- strains showed different host preferences according to the origin (host species) of the inocula. Co-inoculations of Sp+ and Sp- strains revealed the greater competitiveness of Sp+ strains (98.3 to 100% of Sp+ nodules, with up to 15.6% nodules containing both Sp+ and Sp- strains). The results of the present study highlight differences in Sp+/Sp- strain ecological behaviors and provide new insights to strengthen the obligate symbiont hypothesis for Sp+ strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Cotin-Galvan
- PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361LyonFranceUniversité Lyon 1F-69622, VilleurbanneFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie MicrobienneVilleurbanne, F-69622France
| | - Adrien C. Pozzi
- PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361LyonFranceUniversité Lyon 1F-69622, VilleurbanneFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie MicrobienneVilleurbanne, F-69622France
| | - Guillaume Schwob
- PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361LyonFranceUniversité Lyon 1F-69622, VilleurbanneFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie MicrobienneVilleurbanne, F-69622France
| | | | - Maria P. Fernandez
- PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361LyonFranceUniversité Lyon 1F-69622, VilleurbanneFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie MicrobienneVilleurbanne, F-69622France
| | - Aude Herrera-Belaroussi
- PRES Université de Lyon, F-69361LyonFranceUniversité Lyon 1F-69622, VilleurbanneFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie MicrobienneVilleurbanne, F-69622France
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10
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Maucourt M, Deborde C, Pierre O, Moing A, Brouquisse R, Favery B, Frendo P. Maturation of nematode-induced galls in Medicago truncatula is related to water status and primary metabolism modifications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 232:77-85. [PMID: 25617326 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants. During a compatible interaction, these nematodes induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells (GCs). These metabolically active feeding cells constitute the exclusive source of nutrients for the nematode. We analyzed the modifications of water status, ionic content and accumulation of metabolites in development and mature galls induced by Meloidogyne incognita and in uninfected roots of Medicago truncatula plants. Water potential and osmotic pressure are significantly modified in mature galls compared to developing galls and control roots. Ionic content is significantly modified in galls compared to roots. Principal component analyses of metabolite content showed that mature gall metabolism is significantly modified compared to developing gall metabolism. The most striking differences were the three-fold increase of trehalose content associated to the five-fold diminution in glucose concentration in mature galls. Gene expression analysis showed that trehalose accumulation was, at least, partially linked to a significantly lower expression of the trehalase gene in mature galls. Our results point to significant modifications of gall physiology during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- Université de Bordeaux 2, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Pierre
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
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11
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Pivato M, Fabrega-Prats M, Masi A. Low-molecular-weight thiols in plants: Functional and analytical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 560:83-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Frendo P, Baldacci-Cresp F, Benyamina SM, Puppo A. Glutathione and plant response to the biotic environment. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:724-730. [PMID: 23912161 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a major antioxidant molecule in plants. It is involved in regulating plant development and responses to the abiotic and biotic environment. In recent years, numerous reports have clarified the molecular processes involving GSH in plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we summarize recent studies, highlighting the roles of GSH in interactions between plants and microbes, whether pathogenic or beneficial to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frendo
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; INRA UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; INRA UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Sofiane M Benyamina
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; INRA UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; INRA UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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13
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Frendo P, Matamoros MA, Alloing G, Becana M. Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:376. [PMID: 24133498 PMCID: PMC3783977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nitrogen poor soils legumes establish a symbiotic interaction with rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. These are unique plant organs where bacteria differentiate into bacteroids, which express the nitrogenase enzyme complex that reduces atmospheric N 2 to ammonia. Nodule metabolism requires a tight control of the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) so that they can perform useful signaling roles while avoiding nitro-oxidative damage. In nodules a thiol-dependent regulatory network that senses, transmits and responds to redox changes is starting to be elucidated. A combination of enzymatic, immunological, pharmacological and molecular analyses has allowed us to conclude that glutathione and its legume-specific homolog, homoglutathione, are abundant in meristematic and infected cells, that their spatio-temporally distribution is correlated with the corresponding (homo)glutathione synthetase activities, and that they are crucial for nodule development and function. Glutathione is at high concentrations in the bacteroids and at moderate amounts in the mitochondria, cytosol and nuclei. Less information is available on other components of the network. The expression of multiple isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins and NADPH-thioredoxin reductases has been detected in nodule cells using antibodies and proteomics. Peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins are essential to regulate and in some cases to detoxify RONS in nodules. Further research is necessary to clarify the regulation of the expression and activity of thiol redox-active proteins in response to abiotic, biotic and developmental cues, their interactions with downstream targets by disulfide-exchange reactions, and their participation in signaling cascades. The availability of mutants and transgenic lines will be crucial to facilitate systematic investigations into the function of the various proteins in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frendo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1355Nice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 7254Nice, France
- Pierre Frendo and Manuel A. Matamoros have contributed equally to this review.
| | - Manuel A. Matamoros
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
- Pierre Frendo and Manuel A. Matamoros have contributed equally to this review.
| | - Geneviève Alloing
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1355Nice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 7254Nice, France
| | - Manuel Becana
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Becana, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail:
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14
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Andrio E, Marino D, Marmeys A, de Segonzac MD, Damiani I, Genre A, Huguet S, Frendo P, Puppo A, Pauly N. Hydrogen peroxide-regulated genes in the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:179-189. [PMID: 23347006 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), play an important role in signalling in various cellular processes. The involvement of H(2)O(2) in the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiotic interaction raises questions about its effect on gene expression. A transcriptome analysis was performed on inoculated roots of M. truncatula in which ROS production was inhibited with diphenylene iodonium (DPI). In total, 301 genes potentially regulated by ROS content were identified 2 d after inoculation. These genes included MtSpk1, which encodes a putative protein kinase and is induced by exogenous H(2)O(2) treatment. MtSpk1 gene expression was also induced by nodulation factor treatment. MtSpk1 transcription was observed in infected root hair cells, nodule primordia and the infection zone of mature nodules. Analysis with a fluorescent protein probe specific for H(2)O(2) showed that MtSpk1 expression and H(2)O(2) were similarly distributed in the nodule infection zone. Finally, the establishment of symbiosis was impaired by MtSpk1 downregulation with an artificial micro-RNA. Several genes regulated by H(2)O(2) during the establishment of rhizobial symbiosis were identified. The involvement of MtSpk1 in the establishment of the symbiosis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Andrio
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Marino
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Apdo 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anthony Marmeys
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Marion Dunoyer de Segonzac
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Damiani
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin and IPP-CNR, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue G. Crémieux, CP 5708, F-91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Pauly
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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15
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Barros de Carvalho GA, Batista JSS, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Costa do Nascimento L, Hungria M. Transcriptional analysis of genes involved in nodulation in soybean roots inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain CPAC 15. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:153. [PMID: 23497193 PMCID: PMC3608089 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological nitrogen fixation in root nodules is a process of great importance to crops of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], as it may provide the bulk of the plant's needs for nitrogen. Legume nodulation involves several complex steps and, although studied for many decades, much remains to be understood. RESULTS This research aimed at analyzing the global expression of genes in soybean roots of a Brazilian cultivar (Conquista) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CPAC 15, a strain broadly used in commercial inoculants in Brazil. To achieve this, we used the suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique combined with Illumina sequencing. The subtractive library (non-inoculated x inoculated) of soybean roots resulted in 3,210 differentially expressed transcripts at 10 days after inoculation were studied. The data were grouped according to the ontologies of the molecular functions and biological processes. Several classes of genes were confirmed as related to N2 fixation and others were reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS During nodule formation, a higher percentage of genes were related to primary metabolism, cell-wall modifications and the antioxidant defense system. Putative symbiotic functions were attributed to some of these genes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesiele Almeida Barros de Carvalho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, CNPSo, PO Box 231, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro Costa do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Hungria
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, CNPSo, PO Box 231, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970, Brazil
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16
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Benyamina SM, Baldacci-Cresp F, Couturier J, Chibani K, Hopkins J, Bekki A, de Lajudie P, Rouhier N, Jacquot JP, Alloing G, Puppo A, Frendo P. TwoSinorhizobium melilotiglutaredoxins regulate iron metabolism and symbiotic bacteroid differentiation. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:795-810. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Oger E, Marino D, Guigonis JM, Pauly N, Puppo A. Sulfenylated proteins in the Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Clemente MR, Bustos-Sanmamed P, Loscos J, James EK, Pérez-Rontomé C, Navascués J, Gay M, Becana M. Thiol synthetases of legumes: immunogold localization and differential gene regulation by phytohormones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3923-34. [PMID: 22442424 PMCID: PMC3388825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). In legumes, homoglutathione (hGSH) can replace GSH and is synthesized by γECS and a specific homoglutathione synthetase (hGSHS). The subcellular localization of the enzymes was examined by electron microscopy in several legumes and gene expression was analysed in Lotus japonicus plants treated for 1-48 h with 50 μM of hormones. Immunogold localization studies revealed that γECS is confined to chloroplasts and plastids, whereas hGSHS is also in the cytosol. Addition of hormones caused differential expression of thiol synthetases in roots. After 24-48 h, abscisic and salicylic acids downregulated GSHS whereas jasmonic acid upregulated it. Cytokinins and polyamines activated GSHS but not γECS or hGSHS. Jasmonic acid elicited a coordinated response of the three genes and auxin induced both hGSHS expression and activity. Results show that the thiol biosynthetic pathway is compartmentalized in legumes. Moreover, the similar response profiles of the GSH and hGSH contents in roots of non-nodulated and nodulated plants to the various hormonal treatments indicate that thiol homeostasis is independent of the nitrogen source of the plants. The differential regulation of the three mRNA levels, hGSHS activity, and thiol contents by hormones indicates a fine control of thiol biosynthesis at multiple levels and strongly suggests that GSH and hGSH play distinct roles in plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Clemente
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustos-Sanmamed
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Loscos
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Euan K. James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Navascués
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Gay
- CSIC-UAB Proteomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Chang C, Maucourt M, Deborde C, Hopkins J, Lecomte P, Bernillon S, Brouquisse R, Moing A, Abad P, Hérouart D, Puppo A, Favery B, Frendo P. (Homo)glutathione deficiency impairs root-knot nematode development in Medicago truncatula. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002471. [PMID: 22241996 PMCID: PMC3252378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants. During a compatible interaction, RKN induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells essential for nematode growth and reproduction. These metabolically active feeding cells constitute the exclusive source of nutrients for the nematode. Detailed analysis of glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) metabolism demonstrated the importance of these compounds for the success of nematode infection in Medicago truncatula. We reported quantification of GSH and hGSH and gene expression analysis showing that (h)GSH metabolism in neoformed gall organs differs from that in uninfected roots. Depletion of (h)GSH content impaired nematode egg mass formation and modified the sex ratio. In addition, gene expression and metabolomic analyses showed a substantial modification of starch and γ-aminobutyrate metabolism and of malate and glucose content in (h)GSH-depleted galls. Interestingly, these modifications did not occur in (h)GSH-depleted roots. These various results suggest that (h)GSH have a key role in the regulation of giant cell metabolism. The discovery of these specific plant regulatory elements could lead to the development of new pest management strategies against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christine Chang
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome-Fluxome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Metabolome-Fluxome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- INRA - UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julie Hopkins
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- Metabolome-Fluxome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- INRA - UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Metabolome-Fluxome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- INRA - UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Didier Hérouart
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 -CNRS 6243-Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
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20
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Hocher V, Alloisio N, Auguy F, Fournier P, Doumas P, Pujic P, Gherbi H, Queiroux C, Da Silva C, Wincker P, Normand P, Bogusz D. Transcriptomics of actinorhizal symbioses reveals homologs of the whole common symbiotic signaling cascade. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:700-11. [PMID: 21464474 PMCID: PMC3177269 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics of two actinorhizal symbiotic plants, Casuarina glauca and Alnus glutinosa, was used to gain insight into their symbiotic programs triggered following contact with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia. Approximately 14,000 unigenes were recovered in roots and 3-week-old nodules of each of the two species. A transcriptomic array was designed to monitor changes in expression levels between roots and nodules, enabling the identification of up- and down-regulated genes as well as root- and nodule-specific genes. The expression levels of several genes emblematic of symbiosis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As expected, several genes related to carbon and nitrogen exchange, defense against pathogens, or stress resistance were strongly regulated. Furthermore, homolog genes of the common and nodule-specific signaling pathways known in legumes were identified in the two actinorhizal symbiotic plants. The conservation of the host plant signaling pathway is all the more surprising in light of the lack of canonical nod genes in the genomes of its bacterial symbiont, Frankia. The evolutionary pattern emerging from these studies reinforces the hypothesis of a common genetic ancestor of the Fabid (Eurosid I) nodulating clade with a genetic predisposition for nodulation.
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