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Tian H, Li Y, Guo Y, Qu Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chang X, Tian B, Wang G, Yuan X. Involvement of a rice mutation in storage protein biogenesis in endosperm and its genomic location. PLANTA 2024; 260:19. [PMID: 38839605 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A mutation was first found to cause the great generation of glutelin precursors (proglutelins) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm, and thus referred to as GPGG1. The GPGG1 was involved in synthesis and compartmentation of storage proteins. The PPR-like gene in GPGG1-mapped region was determined as its candidate gene. In the wild type rice, glutelins and prolamins are synthesized on respective subdomains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and intracellularly compartmentalized into different storage protein bodies. In this study, a storage protein mutant was obtained and characterized by the great generation of proglutelins combining with the lacking of 13 kD prolamins. A dominant genic-mutation, referred to as GPGG1, was clarified to result in the proteinous alteration. Novel saccular composite-ER was shown to act in the synthesis of proglutelins and 14 kD prolamins in the mutant. Additionally, a series of organelles including newly occurring several compartments were shown to function in the transfer, trans-plasmalemmal transport, delivery, deposition and degradation of storage proteins in the mutant. The GPGG1 gene was mapped to a 67.256 kb region of chromosome 12, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-like gene in this region was detected to contain mutational sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong Tian
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, 030008, China
| | - Yajuan Qu
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhao
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Xinya Chang
- Laboratory for Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Baohua Tian
- School of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Xiangmei Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
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2
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Ren D, Liu H, Sun X, Zhang F, Jiang L, Wang Y, Jiang N, Yan P, Cui J, Yang J, Li Z, Lu P, Luo X. Post-transcriptional regulation of grain weight and shape by the RBP-A-J-K complex in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:66-85. [PMID: 37970747 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are components of the post-transcriptional regulatory system, but their regulatory effects on complex traits remain unknown. Using an integrated strategy involving map-based cloning, functional characterizations, and transcriptomic and population genomic analyses, we revealed that RBP-K (LOC_Os08g23120), RBP-A (LOC_Os11g41890), and RBP-J (LOC_Os10g33230) encode proteins that form an RBP-A-J-K complex that negatively regulates rice yield-related traits. Examinations of the RBP-A-J-K complex indicated RBP-K functions as a relatively non-specific RBP chaperone that enables RBP-A and RBP-J to function normally. Additionally, RBP-J most likely affects GA pathways, resulting in considerable increases in grain and panicle lengths, but decreases in grain width and thickness. In contrast, RBP-A negatively regulates the expression of genes most likely involved in auxin-regulated pathways controlling cell wall elongation and carbohydrate transport, with substantial effects on the rice grain filling process as well as grain length and weight. Evolutionarily, RBP-K is relatively ancient and highly conserved, whereas RBP-J and RBP-A are more diverse. Thus, the RBP-A-J-K complex may represent a typical functional model for many RBPs and protein complexes that function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants and animals for increased functional consistency, efficiency, and versatility, as well as increased evolutionary potential. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of RBP-mediated post-transcriptional regulation for the diversity of complex traits. Furthermore, rice grain yield and quality may be enhanced by introducing various complete or partial loss-of-function mutations to specific RBP genes using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology and by exploiting desirable natural tri-genic allelic combinations at the loci encoding the components of the RBP-A-J-K complex through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peiwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Pingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaojin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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3
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Zhang L, Si Q, Yang K, Zhang W, Okita TW, Tian L. mRNA Localization to the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plant Endosperm Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13511. [PMID: 36362297 PMCID: PMC9656906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular mRNA localization is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to spatially and temporally drive local translation and, in turn, protein targeting. Hence, this mechanism achieves precise control of gene expression and establishes functional and structural networks during cell growth and development as well as during stimuli response. Since its discovery in ascidian eggs, mRNA localization has been extensively studied in animal and yeast cells. Although our knowledge of subcellular mRNA localization in plant cells lags considerably behind other biological systems, mRNA localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has also been well established since its discovery in cereal endosperm cells in the early 1990s. Storage protein mRNA targeting to distinct subdomains of the ER determines efficient accumulation of the corresponding proteins in different endosomal storage sites and, in turn, underlies storage organelle biogenesis in cereal grains. The targeting process requires the presence of RNA localization elements, also called zipcodes, and specific RNA-binding proteins that recognize and bind these zipcodes and recruit other factors to mediate active transport. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms and functions of mRNA localization to the ER in plant cells and address directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laining Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Qidong Si
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Kejie Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang H, Cheng Z, Liu J, Zhou C, Luo S, Luo W, Li S, Xing X, Chang Y, Shi C, Ren Y, Zhu S, Lei C, Guo X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhai H, Lin Q, Wan J. Dwarf and High Tillering1 represses rice tillering through mediating the splicing of D14 pre-mRNA. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3301-3318. [PMID: 35670739 PMCID: PMC9421477 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a class of plant hormones that regulate many aspects of plant development, including repressing tillering in rice (Oryza sativa). However, how SL pathways are regulated is still poorly understood. Here, we describe a rice mutant dwarf and high tillering1 (dht1), which exhibits pleiotropic phenotypes (such as dwarfism and increased tiller numbers) similar to those of mutants defective in SL signaling. We show that DHT1 encodes a monocotyledon-specific hnRNP-like protein that acts as a previously unrecognized intron splicing factor for many precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs), including for the SL receptor gene D14. We find that the dht1 (DHT1I232F) mutant protein is impaired in its stability and RNA binding activity, causing defective splicing of D14 pre-mRNA and reduced D14 expression, and consequently leading to the SL signaling-defective phenotypes. Overall, our findings deepen our understanding of the functional diversification of hnRNP-like proteins and establish a connection between posttranscriptional splicing and SL signaling in the regulation of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinxin Xing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanqi Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cuilan Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huqu Zhai
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- Author for correspondence: (J.W.), (Q.L.)
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5
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Liu J, Wu MW, Liu CM. Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:255-291. [PMID: 35226815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Ming-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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6
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Ding X, Zhang X, Paez-Valencia J, McLoughlin F, Reyes FC, Morohashi K, Grotewold E, Vierstra RD, Otegui MS. Microautophagy Mediates Vacuolar Delivery of Storage Proteins in Maize Aleurone Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833612. [PMID: 35251104 PMCID: PMC8894768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery orchestrating microautophagy, whereby eukaryotic cells sequester autophagic cargo by direct invagination of the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, is still largely unknown, especially in plants. Here, we demonstrate microautophagy of storage proteins in the maize aleurone cells of the endosperm and analyzed proteins with potential regulatory roles in this process. Within the cereal endosperm, starchy endosperm cells accumulate storage proteins (mostly prolamins) and starch whereas the peripheral aleurone cells store oils, storage proteins, and specialized metabolites. Although both cell types synthesize prolamins, they employ different pathways for their subcellular trafficking. Starchy endosperm cells accumulate prolamins in protein bodies within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas aleurone cells deliver prolamins to vacuoles via an autophagic mechanism, which we show is by direct association of ER prolamin bodies with the tonoplast followed by engulfment via microautophagy. To identify candidate proteins regulating this process, we performed RNA-seq transcriptomic comparisons of aleurone and starchy endosperm tissues during seed development and proteomic analysis on tonoplast-enriched fractions of aleurone cells. From these datasets, we identified 10 candidate proteins with potential roles in membrane modification and/or microautophagy, including phospholipase-Dα5 and a possible EUL-like lectin. We found that both proteins increased the frequency of tonoplast invaginations when overexpressed in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts and are highly enriched at the tonoplast surface surrounding ER protein bodies in maize aleurone cells, thus supporting their potential connections to microautophagy. Collectively, this candidate list now provides useful tools to study microautophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Francisca C. Reyes
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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He W, Wang L, Lin Q, Yu F. Rice seed storage proteins: Biosynthetic pathways and the effects of environmental factors. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1999-2019. [PMID: 34581486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop for at least half of the world's population. Due to improved living standards, the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal. Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components, including seed storage proteins (SSPs), which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch. Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment, making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis, including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis. The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings. This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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8
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Gan L, Huang B, Song Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Tong L, Wei Z, Yu L, Luo X, Zhang X, Cai D, He Y. Unique Glutelin Expression Patterns and Seed Endosperm Structure Facilitate Glutelin Accumulation in Polyploid Rice Seed. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:61. [PMID: 34224013 PMCID: PMC8257881 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is not only an essential food but also a source of high quality protein. Polyploidy is an evolutionary trajectory in plants, and enhancing glutelin by polyploidization is an attractive strategy for improving the nutritional value of rice seeds and presents a great potential for enhancing the commercial value of rice. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying glutelin synthesis and accumulation in tetraploid rice is of great significance. RESULTS To enhance the nutritional value of rice, we developed tetraploid rice and evaluated the contents of various nutrient elements in mature seeds. The results revealed a significant increase in protein contents, including the total seed storage proteins, glutelins, and amino acids in tetraploid rice when compared with those in diploid rice. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analyses of seeds revealed that glutelins regulated by several glutelin genes in 9311-4x were significantly up-regulated (≥1.5-fold), which was further verified by immunoblot analyses. In addition, temporal expression patterns of various glutelin subunits in different rice lines were investigated. The results revealed significant differences in the expression patterns between diploid and tetraploid rice seeds. Cytohistological analyses results revealed that the thickness of aleurone cell layers increased significantly by 32% in tetraploid rice, the structures of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in sub-aleurone cells were more diverse and abundant than those of diploid rice. Temporal expression and proteomic analyses results revealed that protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 expression levels were higher in tetraploid rice than in diploid rice, and that the gene responded to oxidative folding with increased levels of proglutelin and appropriate distribution of seed glutelins in tetraploid rice. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that polyploidization increased glutelin content by influencing glutelin biosynthesis, transport, and deposition, while variations in glutelin accumulation between tetraploid and diploid rice were largely manifested in the initial time, duration, and relative levels of various glutelin gene expressions during seed filling stages. These findings provide novel insights into improving the protein quality and nutritional value of rice seeds by polyploid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaojian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yachun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhisong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Detian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Tian L, Chou HL, Fukuda M, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. mRNA Localization in Plant Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:97-109. [PMID: 31611420 PMCID: PMC6945871 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Localization of mRNAs at the subcellular level is an essential mechanism for specific protein targeting and local control of protein synthesis in both eukaryotes and bacteria. While mRNA localization is well documented in metazoans, somatic cells, and microorganisms, only a handful of well-defined mRNA localization examples have been reported in vascular plants and algae. This review summarizes the function and mechanism of mRNA localization and highlights recent studies of mRNA localization in vascular plants. While the emphasis focuses on storage protein mRNA localization in rice endosperm cells, information on targeting of RNAs to organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) and plasmodesmata is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Hong-Li Chou
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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Chou HL, Tian L, Fukuda M, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. The Role of RNA-Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins and Endosperm Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2193-2205. [PMID: 31198964 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tudor-SN is involved in a myriad of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes due to its modular structure consisting of 4 tandem SN domains (4SN module) and C-terminal Tsn module consisting of Tudor-partial SN domains. We had previously demonstrated that OsTudor-SN is a key player for transporting storage protein mRNAs to specific ER subdomains in developing rice endosperm. Here, we provide genetic evidence that this multifunctional RBP is required for storage protein expression, seed development and protein body formation. The rice EM1084 line, possessing a nonsynonymous mutation in the 4SN module (SN3 domain), exhibited a strong reduction in grain weight and storage protein accumulation, while a mutation in the Tudor domain (47M) or the loss of the Tsn module (43M) had much smaller effects. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed the presence of a new protein body type containing glutelin and prolamine inclusions in EM1084, while 43M and 47M exhibited structurally modified prolamine and glutelin protein bodies. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsTudor-SN also functions in regulating gene expression of transcriptional factors and genes involved in developmental processes and stress responses as well as for storage proteins. Normal protein body formation, grain weight and expression of many genes were partially restored in EM1084 transgenic line complemented with wild-type OsTudor-SN gene. Overall, our study showed that OsTudor-SN possesses multiple functional properties in rice storage protein expression and seed development and that the 4SN and Tsn modules have unique roles in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
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Chou HL, Tian L, Washida H, Fukuda M, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. The rice storage protein mRNAs as a model system for RNA localization in higher plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:203-211. [PMID: 31084873 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transport and targeting of mRNAs to specific intracellular locations is a ubiquitous process in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Despite the prevalent nature of RNA localization in guiding development, differentiation, cellular movement and intracellular organization of biochemical activities, only a few examples exist in higher plants. Here, we summarize past studies on mRNA-based protein targeting to specific subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using the rice storage protein mRNAs as a model. Such studies have demonstrated that there are multiple pathways of RNA localization to the cortical ER that are controlled by cis-determinants (zipcodes) on the mRNA. These zipcode sequences are recognized by specific RNA binding proteins organized into multi-protein complexes. The available evidence suggests mRNAs are transported to their destination sites by co-opting membrane trafficking factors. Lastly, we discuss the major gaps in our knowledge on RNA localization and how information on the targeting of storage protein mRNAs can be used to further our understanding on how plant mRNAs are organized into regulons to facilitate protein localization and formation of multi-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, United States
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, United States
| | - Haruhiko Washida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, United States
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, United States; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, United States.
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12
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Tian L, Chou HL, Zhang L, Okita TW. Targeted Endoplasmic Reticulum Localization of Storage Protein mRNAs Requires the RNA-Binding Protein RBP-L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1111-1131. [PMID: 30659066 PMCID: PMC6393789 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transport and targeting of glutelin and prolamine mRNAs to distinct subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum is a model for mRNA localization in plants. This process requires a number of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that recognize and bind to mRNA cis-localization (zipcode) elements to form messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes, which then transport the RNAs to their destination sites at the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we present evidence that the rice (Oryza sativa) RNA-binding protein, RBP-L, like its interacting RBP-P partner, specifically binds to glutelin and prolamine zipcode RNA sequences and is required for proper mRNA localization in rice endosperm cells. A transfer DNA insertion in the 3' untranslated region resulted in reduced expression of the RBP-L gene to 10% to 25% of that in the wild-type. Reduced amounts of RBP-L caused partial mislocalization of glutelin and prolamine RNAs and conferred other general growth defects, including dwarfism, late flowering, and smaller seeds. Transcriptome analysis showed that RBP-L knockdown greatly affected the expression of prolamine family genes and several classes of transcription factors. Collectively, these results indicate that RBP-L, like RBP-P, is a key RBP involved in mRNA localization in rice endosperm cells. Moreover, distinct from RBP-P, RBP-L exhibits additional regulatory roles in development, either directly through its binding to corresponding RNAs or indirectly through its effect on transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Laining Zhang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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13
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Tian L, Chou HL, Zhang L, Hwang SK, Starkenburg SR, Doroshenk KA, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. RNA-Binding Protein RBP-P Is Required for Glutelin and Prolamine mRNA Localization in Rice Endosperm Cells. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2529-2552. [PMID: 30190374 PMCID: PMC6241268 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In developing rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm, mRNAs of the major storage proteins, glutelin and prolamine, are transported and anchored to distinct subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. RNA binding protein RBP-P binds to both glutelin and prolamine mRNAs, suggesting a role in some aspect of their RNA metabolism. Here, we show that rice lines expressing mutant RBP-P mislocalize both glutelin and prolamine mRNAs. Different mutant RBP-P proteins exhibited varying degrees of reduced RNA binding and/or protein-protein interaction properties, which may account for the mislocalization of storage protein RNAs. In addition, partial loss of RBP-P function conferred a broad phenotypic variation ranging from dwarfism, chlorophyll deficiency, and sterility to late flowering and low spikelet fertility. Transcriptome analysis highlighted the essential role of RBP-P in regulating storage protein genes and several essential biological processes during grain development. Overall, our data demonstrate the significant roles of RBP-P in glutelin and prolamine mRNA localization and in the regulation of genes important for plant growth and development through its RNA binding activity and cooperative regulation with interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Laining Zhang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Seon-Kap Hwang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | | | - Kelly A Doroshenk
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | | | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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14
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Chou HL, Tian L, Kumamaru T, Hamada S, Okita TW. Multifunctional RNA Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Storage Protein mRNA Transport and Localization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1608-1623. [PMID: 29084903 PMCID: PMC5717745 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional RNA-binding protein Tudor-SN plays multiple roles in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes due to its modular domain structure, consisting of four tandem Staphylococcus nuclease (SN)-like domains (4SN), followed by a carboxyl-terminal Tudor domain, followed by a fifth partial SN sequence (Tsn). In plants, it confers stress tolerance, is a component of stress granules and P-bodies, and may participate in stabilizing and localizing RNAs to specific subdomains of the cortical-endoplasmic reticulum in developing rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. Here, we show that, in addition to the intact rice OsTudor-SN protein, the 4SN and Tsn modules exist as independent polypeptides, which collectively may coassemble to form a complex population of homodimer and heteroduplex species. The 4SN and Tsn modules exhibit different roles in RNA binding and as a protein scaffold for stress-associated proteins and RNA-binding proteins. Despite their distinct individual properties, mutations in both the 4SN and Tsn modules mislocalize storage protein mRNAs to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate that the two modular peptide regions of OsTudor-SN confer different cellular properties but cooperate in mRNA localization, a process linking its multiple functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hamada
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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15
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Wang G, Wang G, Wang J, Du Y, Yao D, Shuai B, Han L, Tang Y, Song R. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of developing protein bodies in maize (Zea mays) endosperm provides novel insights into its biogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6323-6335. [PMID: 27789589 PMCID: PMC5181578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Prolamins, the major cereal seed storage proteins, are sequestered and accumulated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and are directly assembled into protein bodies (PBs). The content and composition of prolamins are the key determinants for protein quality and texture-related traits of the grain. Concomitantly, the PB-inducing fusion system provides an efficient target to produce therapeutic and industrial products in plants. However, the proteome of the native PB and the detailed mechanisms underlying its formation still need to be determined. We developed a method to isolate highly purified and intact PBs from developing maize endosperm and conducted proteomic analysis of intact PBs of zein, a class of prolamine protein found in maize. We thus identified 1756 proteins, which fall into five major categories: metabolic pathways, response to stimulus, transport, development, and growth, as well as regulation. By comparing the proteomes of crude and enriched extractions of PBs, we found substantial evidence for the following conclusions: (i) ribosomes, ER membranes, and the cytoskeleton are tightly associated with zein PBs, which form the peripheral border; (ii) zein RNAs are probably transported and localized to the PB-ER subdomain; and (iii) ER chaperones are essential for zein folding, quality control, and assembly into PBs. We futher confirmed that OPAQUE1 (O1) cannot directly interact with FLOURY1 (FL1) in yeast, suggesting that the interaction between myosins XI and DUF593-containing proteins is isoform-specific. This study provides a proteomic roadmap for dissecting zein PB biogenesis and reveals an unexpected diversity and complexity of proteins in PBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Yulong Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Bilian Shuai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Liang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Yuanping Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
| | - Rentao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China, and
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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16
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Fukuda M, Kawagoe Y, Murakami T, Washida H, Sugino A, Nagamine A, Okita TW, Ogawa M, Kumamaru T. The Dual Roles of the Golgi Transport 1 (GOT1B): RNA Localization to the Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Export of Proglutelin and α-Globulin from the Cortical ER to the Golgi. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2380-2391. [PMID: 27565205 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rice glup2 lines are characterized by their abnormally high levels of endosperm 57 kDa proglutelins and of the luminal chaperone binding protein (BiP), features characteristic of a defect within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To elucidate the underlying genetic basis, the glup2 locus was identified by map based cloning. DNA sequencing of the genomes of three glup2 alleles and wild type demonstrated that the underlying genetic basis was mutations in the Golgi transport 1 (GOT1B) coding sequence. This conclusion was further validated by restoration of normal proglutelin levels in a glup2 line complemented by a GOT1B gene. Microscopic analyses indicated the presence of proglutelin-α-globulin-containing intracisternal granules surrounded by prolamine inclusions within the ER lumen. As assessed by in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of developing endosperm sections, prolamine and α-globulin RNAs were found to be mis-targeted from their usual sites on the protein body ER to the cisternal ER, the normal sites of proglutelin synthesis. Our results indicate that GLUP2/GOT1B has a dual role during rice endosperm development. It is required for localization of prolamine and α-globulin RNAs to the protein body ER and for efficient export of proglutelin and α-globulin proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Fukuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawagoe
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Deceased
| | | | - Haruhiko Washida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA
- Present address: U-TEC Corporation, 648-1 Matsukasa, Yamatokoriyama, Nara 639-1124, Japan
| | - Aya Sugino
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA
| | - Ai Nagamine
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of General Education, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi 753-8502, Japan
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Bleckmann A, Dresselhaus T. Fluorescent whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (F-WISH) in plant germ cells and the fertilized ovule. Methods 2015; 98:66-73. [PMID: 26521978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First evidence on gene function and regulation is provided by the cellular expression pattern in complex tissues. However, to understand the activity of a specific gene, it is essential to analyze the regulatory network, which controls the spatio-temporal translation pattern during the entire life span of the transcribed mRNA. To explore mechanisms which control mRNA abundance and localization in space and time, it is necessary to visualize mRNAs quantitatively with a subcellular resolution, without sectioning the tissues. We have adapted and optimized a protocol for colorimetric whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (WISH) using egg cell-specific digoxigenin (DIG) labeled probes (Hejátko et al., 2006) [1] on ovules and early seeds of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we established a fluorescent whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (F-WISH) protocol, which allows mRNA visualization on a subcellular level. The polar localized mRNA of SBT4.13, encoding a subtilase, was identified using this protocol. Both methods are described and discussed in detail. Additionally a (F)-WISH flow-chart is provided along with a troubleshooting table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Tian L, Okita TW. mRNA-based protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts in plant cells. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:77-85. [PMID: 25282588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The targeting of proteins to subcellular organelles is specified by the presence of signal/leader peptide sequences normally located on the N-terminus. In the past two decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) localization, a pathway driven by cis-acting localization elements within the RNA sequence, has emerged as an alternative mechanism for protein targeting to specific locations in the cytoplasm, on the endoplasmic reticulum or to mitochondria and chloroplasts. In this review, we will summarize studies on mRNA-based protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast within plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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19
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Doroshenk KA, Tian L, Crofts AJ, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. Characterization of RNA binding protein RBP-P reveals a possible role in rice glutelin gene expression and RNA localization. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:381-394. [PMID: 24682961 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in mRNA metabolism including synthesis, maturation, transport, localization, and stability. In developing rice seeds, RNAs that code for the major storage proteins are transported to specific domains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a regulated mechanism requiring RNA cis-localization elements, or zipcodes. Putative trans-acting RBPs that recognize prolamine RNA zipcodes required for restricted localization to protein body-ER have previously been identified. Here, we describe the identification of RBP-P using a Northwestern blot approach as an RBP that recognizes and binds to glutelin zipcode RNA, which is required for proper RNA localization to cisternal-ER. RBP-P protein expression coincides with that of glutelin during seed maturation and is localized to both the nucleus and cytosol. RNA-immunoprecipitation and subsequent RT-PCR analysis further demonstrated that RBP-P interacts with glutelin RNAs. In vitro RNA-protein UV-crosslinking assays showed that recombinant RBP-P binds strongly to glutelin mRNA, and in particular, 3' UTR and zipcode RNA. RBP-P also exhibited strong binding activity to a glutelin intron sequence, suggesting that RBP-P might participate in mRNA splicing. Overall, these results support a multifunctional role for RBP-P in glutelin mRNA metabolism, perhaps in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing and cytosolic localization to the cisternal-ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Doroshenk
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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