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Sayre-Chavez B, Bettenhausen H, Windes S, Aron P, Cistué L, Fisk S, Helgerson L, Heuberger AL, Tynan S, Hayes P, Muñoz-Amatriaín M. Genetic basis of barley contributions to beer flavor. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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2
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Regulation of β-amylase synthesis: a brief overview. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6503-6511. [PMID: 34379288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major activity of β-amylase (BMY) is the production of maltose by the hydrolytic degradation of starch. BMY is found to be produced by some plants and few microorganisms only. The industrial importance of the enzyme warrants its application in a larger scale with the help of genetic engineering, for which the regulatory mechanism is to be clearly understood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In plants, the activities of BMY are regulated by various environmental stimuli including stress of drought, cold and heat. In vascular plant, Arabidopsis sp. the enzyme is coded by nine BAM genes, whereas in most bacteria, BMY enzymes are coded by the spoII gene family. The activities of these genes are in turn controlled by various compounds. Production and inhibition of the microbial BMY is regulated by the activation and inactivation of various BAM genes. Various types of transcriptional regulators associated with the plant- BMYs regulate the production of BMY enzyme. The enhancement in the expression of such genes reflects evolutionary significance. Bacterial genes, on the other hand, as exemplified by Bacillus sp and Clostridium sp, clearly depict the importance of a single regulatory gene, the absence or mutation of which totally abolishes the BMY activity.
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Liu M, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Stiller J, Feng Q, Tian Q, Liu D, Han B, Liu C. The draft genome of a wild barley genotype reveals its enrichment in genes related to biotic and abiotic stresses compared to cultivated barley. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:443-456. [PMID: 31314154 PMCID: PMC6953193 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) and provides a rich source of genetic variations for barley improvement. Currently, the genome sequences of wild barley and its differences with cultivated barley remain unclear. In this study, we report a high-quality draft assembly of wild barley accession (AWCS276; henceforth named as WB1), which consists of 4.28 Gb genome and 36 395 high-confidence protein-coding genes. BUSCO analysis revealed that the assembly included full lengths of 95.3% of the 956 single-copy plant genes, illustrating that the gene-containing regions have been well assembled. By comparing with the genome of the cultivated genotype Morex, it is inferred that the WB1 genome contains more genes involved in resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The presence of the numerous WB1-specific genes indicates that, in addition to enhance allele diversity for genes already existing in the cultigen, exploiting the wild barley taxon in breeding should also allow the incorporation of novel genes. Furthermore, high levels of genetic variation in the pericentromeric regions were detected in chromosomes 3H and 5H between the wild and cultivated genotypes, which may be the results of domestication. This H. spontaneum draft genome assembly will help to accelerate wild barley research and be an invaluable resource for barley improvement and comparative genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt LuciaQldAustralia
- Crop Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinjiang District, ChengduChina
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, ChengduChina
| | - Yan Li
- National Center for Gene ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yanling Ma
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt LuciaQldAustralia
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaidian District, BeijingChina
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Center for Gene ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Qi Feng
- National Center for Gene ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qilin Tian
- National Center for Gene ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, ChengduChina
| | - Bin Han
- National Center for Gene ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt LuciaQldAustralia
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Duke SH, Henson CA, Vinje MA, Walling JG, Bockelman HE. Comparisons of Modern United States and Canadian Malting Barley Cultivars with Those from Pre-Prohibition: V. Bmy1 Intron III Alleles and Grain β-Amylase Activity and Thermostability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2018.1546110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Jason G. Walling
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Harold E. Bockelman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, Idaho, U.S.A
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5
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Aubert MK, Coventry S, Shirley NJ, Betts NS, Würschum T, Burton RA, Tucker MR. Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-29064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Aubert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Coventry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie S Betts
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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6
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Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 PMCID: PMC6056469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
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7
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Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Tracking Amylolytic Enzyme Activities during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars: Comparisons of Patterns of Activity and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles and Correlations of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0131-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- USDA-ARS CCRU and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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8
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Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles to Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0906-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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9
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Duke SH, Henson CA. Tracking the Progress of Wort Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars and Comparisons to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations and Malt Extract. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0829-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison
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10
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Duke SH, Henson CA, Vinje MA. Comparisons of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations, Malt Extract, ASBC Measures of Malt Quality, and Initial Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2014-1027-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
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11
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Evans E, van Wegen B, Ma Y, Eglinton J. The Impact of the Thermostability of α-Amylase, β-Amylase, and Limit Dextrinase on Potential Wort Fermentability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-61-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Evans
- Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research (TIAR), University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Tas 7005, Australia
| | - Bianca van Wegen
- School of Agriculture and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Yuefang Ma
- School of Agriculture and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jason Eglinton
- School of Agriculture and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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12
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Evans DE, Collins H, Eglinton J, Wilhelmson A. Assessing the Impact of the Level of Diastatic Power Enzymes and Their Thermostability on the Hydrolysis of Starch during Wort Production to Predict Malt Fermentability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-63-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research (TIAR), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Helen Collins
- School of Agriculture and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jason Eglinton
- School of Agriculture and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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13
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Henson CA, Duke SH. A Comparison of Standard and Nonstandard Measures of Malt Quality. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2007-1210-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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14
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Evans DE, Li C, Harasymow S, Roumeliotis S, Eglinton JK. Improved Prediction of Malt Fermentability by Measurement of the Diastatic Power Enzymes β-Amylase, α-Amylase, and Limit Dextrinase: II. Impact of Barley Genetics, Growing Environment, and Gibberellin on Levels of α-Amylase and Limit Dextrinase in Malt. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2008-1206-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stefan Harasymow
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophia Roumeliotis
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Jason K. Eglinton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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15
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Duke SH, Henson CA. A Comparison of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Activities as Indicators of Malt Sugar Concentrations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0311-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
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16
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Thormann I, Reeves P, Reilley A, Engels JMM, Lohwasser U, Börner A, Pillen K, Richards CM. Geography of Genetic Structure in Barley Wild Relative Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum in Jordan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160745. [PMID: 27513459 PMCID: PMC4981475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Informed collecting, conservation, monitoring and utilization of genetic diversity requires knowledge of the distribution and structure of the variation occurring in a species. Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell., a primary wild relative of barley, is an important source of genetic diversity for barley improvement and co-occurs with the domesticate within the center of origin. We studied the current distribution of genetic diversity and population structure in H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum in Jordan and investigated whether it is correlated with either spatial or climatic variation inferred from publically available climate layers commonly used in conservation and ecogeographical studies. The genetic structure of 32 populations collected in 2012 was analyzed with 37 SSRs. Three distinct genetic clusters were identified. Populations were characterized by admixture and high allelic richness, and genetic diversity was concentrated in the northern part of the study area. Genetic structure, spatial location and climate were not correlated. This may point out a limitation in using large scale climatic data layers to predict genetic diversity, especially as it is applied to regional genetic resources collections in H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Reeves
- National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ann Reilley
- National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Ulrike Lohwasser
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Plant Breeding, Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Richards
- National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Zhang HT, Chen TL, Zhang BL, Wu DZ, Huang YC, Wu FB, Zhang GP. Variation in β-amylase activity and thermostability in Tibetan annual wild and cultivated barley genotypes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:801-8. [PMID: 25183034 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Amylase activity (BAA) and thermostability (BAT) are important traits for malt quality. In this study, 138 Tibetan annual wild barley accessions and 20 cultivated genotypes differing in BAA were planted and analyzed in 2009 and 2012. Significant differences were detected among genotypes in BAA and BAT. The cultivated genotypes had a mean BAA of 1137.6 U/g and a range of from 602.1 to 1407.5 U/g, while the wild accessions had a mean of 1517.9 U/g and a range of from 829.7 to 2310.0 U/g. The cultivated genotypes had a mean relative residual β-amylase activity (RRBAA) of 61.6% and a range of from 22.2% to 82.3%, while the wild barleys had a mean of 57.8% and a range of from 21.9% to 96.1%. Moreover, there was a significant difference among genotypes in the response of RRBAA to the temperature and duration of heat treatment. The wild barleys had wider variation in BAA and BAT than cultivated genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-tao Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Stratula OR, Kalendar RN, Sivolap YM. Allelic variants of the gene bamy1 barley in Eastern European and Central Asian areas. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gong X, Westcott S, Zhang XQ, Yan G, Lance R, Zhang G, Sun D, Li C. Discovery of novel Bmy1 alleles increasing β-amylase activity in Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley for improvement of malting quality via MAS. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72875. [PMID: 24019884 PMCID: PMC3760831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
China has a large barley germplasm collection which has not been well characterized and is therefore underutilized. The Bmy1 locus encoding the β-amylase enzyme on chromosome 4H has been well characterized in the worldwide barley germplasm collections due to its importance in the malting and brewing industry. The Bmy1 locus was chosen as an indicator to understand genetic potential for improvement of malting quality in Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley. The genetic diversity of 91 barley accessions was assessed using allele specific Multiplex-ready molecular markers. Eight accessions were further sequenced, based on the Multiplex-ready marker diversity for Bmy1 in the germplasm. Six of the eight accessions clustered together in a unique group, and showed similarities to ‘Haruna Nijo’, wild barley accession PI296896 and ‘Ashqelon’. Sequence comparisons with the known Bmy1 alleles identified not only the existing 13 amino acid substitutions, but also a new substitution positioned at A387T from a Chinese landrace W127, which has the highest β-amylase activity. Two new alleles/haplotypes namely Bmy1-Sd1c and Bmy1-Sd5 were designated based on different amino acid combinations. We identified new amino acid combination of C115, D165, V233, S347 and V430 in the germplasm. The broad variation in both β-amylase activity and amino acid composition provides novel alleles for the improvement of malting quality for different brewing styles, which indicates the high potential value of the Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan City, China
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Reg Lance
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan City, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (CL)
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
- * E-mail: (DS); (CL)
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Gunkel J, Voetz M, Rath F. Effect of the Malting Barley Variety (Hordeum vulgareL) on Fermentability1. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2002.tb00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vinje MA, Willis DK, Duke SH, Henson CA. Differential expression of two β-amylase genes (Bmy1 and Bmy2) in developing and mature barley grain. PLANTA 2011; 233:1001-10. [PMID: 21279650 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) β-amylase genes (Bmy1 and Bmy2) were studied during the late maturation phase of grain development in four genotypes. The Bmy1 and Bmy2 DNA and amino acid sequences are extremely similar. The largest sequence differences are in the introns, seventh exon, and 3' UTR. Accumulation of Bmy2 mRNA was examined in developing grain at 17, 19, and 21 days after anthesis (DAA). One genotype, PI 296897, had significantly higher Bmy2 RNA transcript accumulation than the other three genotypes at all developmental stages. All four genotypes had Bmy2 mRNA levels decrease from 17 to 19 DAA, and remain the same from 19 to 21 DAA. Levels of Bmy1 mRNA were twenty thousand to over one hundred thousand times more than Bmy2 mRNA levels in genotypes Legacy, Harrington, and Ashqelon at all developmental stages and PI 296897 at 19 and 21 DAA. PI 296897 had five thousand times more Bmy1 mRNA than Bmy2 mRNA at 17 DAA. However, Bmy2 protein was not found at 17 DAA in any genotype. The presence of Bmy2 was immunologically detected at 19 DAA and was present in greater amounts at 21 DAA. Also, Bmy2 protein was found to be stored in mature grain and localized in the soluble fraction. However, Bmy1 protein was far more prevalent than Bmy2 at all developmental stages in all genotypes. Thus, the vast majority of β-amylase activity in developing and mature grain can be attributed to endosperm-specific β-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Duke SH, Henson CA. Tracking the Progress of Congress Mashing with Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract Value in North American Barley Cultivars and Relationships between Wort Osmolyte Concentration, Malt Extract Value, and ASBC Measures of Malt Quality. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2010-1210-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Vinje MA, Willis DK, Duke SH, Henson CA. Differential RNA expression of Bmy1 during barley seed development and the association with β-amylase accumulation, activity, and total protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:39-45. [PMID: 20974538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds had differences in β-amylase 1 (Bmy1) mRNA accumulation, β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) activity, β-amylase protein accumulation, and total protein levels during late seed development from genotypes with different Bmy1 intron III alleles. Two North American malting barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) were chosen to represent the Bmy1.a and Bmy1.b alleles and, due to limited Bmy1 intron III allele variation in North American cultivars, two wild barleys (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) were chosen to represent the Bmy1.c and Bmy1.d alleles. Wild barleys Ashqelon (Bmy1.c) and PI 296897 (Bmy1.d) had 2.5- to 3-fold higher Bmy1 mRNA levels than cultivars Legacy (Bmy1.a) and Harrington (Bmy1.b). Levels of Bmy1 mRNA were not significantly different between cultivated or between wild genotypes. In all four genotypes Bmy1 mRNA levels increased from 17 to 19 days after anthesis (DAA) and remained constant from 19 to 21 DAA. Ashqelon and PI 296897 had more β-amylase activity on a fresh weight basis than Legacy and Harrington at all developmental stages. β-Amylase protein levels increased from 17 DAA to maturity in all genotypes. Total protein in grains from wild genotypes was significantly higher than cultivated genotypes at all developmental stages. Higher levels of total protein in Ashqelon and PI 296897 could explain their higher levels of β-amylase activity, when expressed on a fresh weight basis. When β-amylase activities are expressed on a protein basis there are no statistical differences between the wild and cultivated barleys at maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Haplotyping barley bmy1 using the SNaPshot assay. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Sjakste T, Bielskiene K, Röder M, Sugoka O, Labeikyte D, Bagdoniene L, Juodka B, Vassetzky Y, Sjakste N. Development-dependent changes in the tight DNA-protein complexes of barley on chromosome and gene level. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:56. [PMID: 19435519 PMCID: PMC2694405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tightly bound to DNA proteins (TBPs) is a protein group that remains attached to DNA with covalent or non-covalent bonds after its deproteinisation. The functional role of this group is as yet not completely understood. The main goal of this study was to evaluate tissue specific changes in the TBP distribution in barley genes and chromosomes in different phases of shoot and seed development. We have: 1. investigated the TBP distribution along Amy32b and Bmy1 genes encoding low pI alpha-amylase A and endosperm specific beta-amylase correspondingly using oligonucleotide DNA arrays; 2. characterized the polypeptide spectrum of TBP and proteins with affinity to TBP-associated DNA; 3. localized the distribution of DNA complexes with TBP (TBP-DNA) on barley 1H and 7H chromosomes using mapped markers; 4. compared the chromosomal distribution of TBP-DNA complexes to the distribution of the nuclear matrix attachment sites. RESULTS In the Amy32b gene transition from watery ripe to the milky ripeness stage of seed development was followed by the decrease of TBP binding along the whole gene, especially in the promoter region and intron II. Expression of the Bmy1 gene coupled to ripening was followed by release of the exon III and intron III sequences from complexes with TBPs. Marker analysis revealed changes in the association of chromosome 1H and 7H sites with TBPs between first leaf and coleoptile and at Zadoks 07 and Zadoks 10 stages of barley shoot development. Tight DNA-protein complexes of the nuclear matrix and those detected by NPC-chromatography were revealed as also involved in tissue- and development-dependent transitions, however, in sites different from TBP-DNA interactions. The spectrum of TBPs appeared to be organ and developmental-stage specific. Development of the first leaf and root system (from Zadoks 07 to Zadoks 10 stage) was shown as followed by a drastic increase in the TBP number in contrast to coleoptile, where the TBPs spectrum became poor during senescence. It was demonstrated that a nuclear protein of low molecular weight similar to the described TBPs possessed a high affinity to the DNA involved in TBP-DNA complexes. CONCLUSION Plant development is followed by redistribution of TBP along individual genes and chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, LV2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Kristina Bielskiene
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, LT2009 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marion Röder
- Gene and Genome Mapping, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Correnstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Olga Sugoka
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, LV2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Danute Labeikyte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, LT2009 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lida Bagdoniene
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, LT2009 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benediktas Juodka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, LT2009 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR-8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Šarlotes 1a, LV1001, Riga, Latvia
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The Properties and Genetics of Barley Malt Starch Degrading Enzymes. ADVANCED TOPICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01279-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Integration of the barley genetic and seed proteome maps for chromosome 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H and 7H. Funct Integr Genomics 2008; 9:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-008-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Stratula OR, Sivolap YM. Allelic characteristics of the β-amylase gene of barley varieties in Ukraine. CYTOL GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452707040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang WS, Li X, Liu JB. Genetic variation of Bmy1 alleles in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) investigated by CAPS analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:1039-50. [PMID: 17287975 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme beta-amylase is one of the most important hydrolytic enzymes in the grain of malting barley and is encoded by the gene Bmy1. To learn more about its structure and function, a total of 657 barley accessions including 541 Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (HV), and 116 H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (HS) were selected for the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis. These materials, covering all the 16 kinds of beta-amylase phenotypes screened from more than 8,500 accessions of the world barley germplasm, were classified into 13 CAPS types in the present study. A combined assay of phenotypes and CAPS types revealed extensive genetic variation at the Bmy1 locus, and in total 23 Bmy1 allele types were identified. The newly identified alleles (A-I-11, A-II-6, A-II-7, A-II-10, B-I-3, B-I-12 and B-I-13) provided us with a novel resource for barley breeding and Bmy1 study. In HV barley, six out of seven major allele types (C-II-1, B-II-2, B-Ia-3, A-II-5, A-II-6, and A-II-7) were shared with HS barley; the B-I-8 allele, which was predominant in north European cultivated barley, was found to be unique. Remarkably, very low Bmy1 genetic variation was detected in Tibetan barleys, which puts the validity of the hypothesis that Tibet is one of the original centers of cultivated barley into question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Sjakste TG, Zhuk AF. Novel haplotype description and structural background of the eventual functional significance of the barley beta-amylase gene intron III rearrangements. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 113:1063-79. [PMID: 16924478 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To extend the knowledge on the haplotype variability of the Bmy1 gene, region of the intron III was sequenced in a set of 20 Latvian accessions and Danish variety Maja, the data were compared to the previously reported allelic variants of the structural gene. Taking into account the polymorphisms of 59 loci and the microsatellite (MS) motif, 11 Latvian varieties turned out to have haplotype similar to cultivar Adorra, 1 - to Haruna Nijo, and 8 - to the newly described Abava Bmy1 intron III haplotype. High level of polymorphisms of (TG)(m) as well as (G)(n) component of MS was revealed for all the haplotypes studied. We conclude that the MS motif rather than the MS size length polymorphism correlates with mutations in the coding region of the beta-amylase gene. Five graphical haplotype-specific intron III structures were constructed on the basis of the co-localization of the transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), remnants of the transposable elements, and intron III polymorphic loci. Inter- and intrahaplotype variability was analyzed on the eventual functional significance of the Bmy1 intron III rearrangements. Novel data on the intron III nucleotide sequences of the Bmy1 gene were deposited in the GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) under accession numbers DQ316895-DQ316905.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Str. 3, Salaspils, 2169, Latvia.
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31
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von Korff M, Wang H, Léon J, Pillen K. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley: II. Detection of favourable exotic alleles for agronomic traits introgressed from wild barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 112:1221-31. [PMID: 16477429 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify favourable exotic Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) alleles for the improvement of agronomic traits in the BC2DH population S42 derived from a cross between the spring barley cultivar Scarlett and the wild barley accession ISR42-8 (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). QTLs were detected as a marker main effect and/or a marker x environment interaction effect (M x E) in a three-factorial ANOVA. Using field data of up to eight environments and genotype data of 98 SSR loci, we detected 86 QTLs for nine agronomic traits. At 60 QTLs the marker main effect, at five QTLs the M x E interaction effect, and at 21 QTLs both the effects were significant. The majority of the M x E interaction effects were due to changes in magnitude and are, therefore, still valuable for marker assisted selection across environments. The exotic alleles improved performance in 31 (36.0%) of 86 QTLs detected for agronomic traits. The exotic alleles had favourable effects on all analysed quantitative traits. These favourable exotic alleles were detected, in particular on the short arm of chromosome 2H and the long arm of chromosome 4H. The exotic allele on 4HL, for example, improved yield by 7.1%. Furthermore, the presence of the exotic allele on 2HS increased the yield component traits ears per m2 and thousand grain weight by 16.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The present study, hence, demonstrated that wild barley does harbour valuable alleles, which can enrich the genetic basis of cultivated barley and improve quantitative agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M von Korff
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Chen JX, Dai F, Wei K, Zhang GP. Relationship between malt qualities and beta-amylase activity and protein content as affected by timing of nitrogen fertilizer application. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2006; 7:79-84. [PMID: 16365930 PMCID: PMC1361764 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2006.b0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different timing of N fertilizer application at the same rate on grain beta-amylase activity, protein concentration, weight and malt quality of barley were studied. Grain beta-amylase activity and protein concentration were significantly higher in treatments where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at booting stage only or equally applied at two-leaf stage and booting stage than in the treatment where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at two-leaf age stage only. On the other hand, grain weight and malt extract decreased with increased N application at booting stage. There were obvious differences between barley varieties and experimental years in the grain and malt quality response to the timing of N fertilizer application. It was found that grain protein concentration was significantly and positively correlated with beta-amylase activity, but significantly and negatively correlated with malt extract and Kolbach index. The effect of grain protein concentration on malt quality was predominant over the effect of grain beta-amylase activity.
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33
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Borla OP, Motta EL, Saiz AI, Fritz R. Quality parameters and baking performance of commercial gluten flours. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Matus I, Corey A, Filichkin T, Hayes PM, Vales MI, Kling J, Riera-Lizarazu O, Sato K, Powell W, Waugh R. Development and characterization of recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum as a source of donor alleles in a Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare background. Genome 2004; 46:1010-23. [PMID: 14663520 DOI: 10.1139/g03-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ancestor of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) may be a source of novel alleles for crop improvement. We developed a set of recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using an accession of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum (Caesarea 26-24, from Israel) as the donor and Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Harrington' (the North American malting quality standard) as the recurrent parent via two backcrosses to the recurrent parent, followed by six generations of selfing. Here we report (i) the genomic architecture of the RCSLs, as inferred by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and (ii) the effects of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum genome segment introgressions in terms of three classes of phenotypes: inflorescence yield components, malting quality traits, and domestication traits. Significant differences among the RCSLs were detected for all phenotypes measured. The phenotypic effects of the introgressions were assessed using association analysis, and these were referenced to quantitative trait loci (QTL) reported in the literature. Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, despite its overall inferior phenotype, contributed some favorable alleles for agronomic and malting quality traits. In most cases, the introgression of the ancestral genome resulted in a loss of desirable phenotypes in the cultivated parent. Although disappointing from a plant breeding perspective, this finding may prove to be a useful tool for gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matus
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Agropecuaria, INIA CRI-Quilamapu, Casilla, Chillán, Chile
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Sjakste T, Röder M. Distribution and inheritance of β-amylase alleles in north European barley varieties. Hereditas 2004; 141:39-45. [PMID: 15383070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2004.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic diversity and inheritance of polymorphic sites of the intron III-exon IV region of the seed specific beta-amylase gene Bmy1 were studied in a set of 55 barley accessions composed mainly of old Latvian and Scandinavian commercial varieties and three Hordeum spontaneum lines from Israel. A CAPS-marker was used for genotyping the C698 --> T polymorphism encoding alleles of beta-amylase with different thermostability. The genotype C698 which is diagnostic for a more thermostable isoform of the beta-amylase was detected in 13 of the investigated accessions. In most cases the origin of the C698 genotype could be traced back to the old Danish variety Binder in the pedigree. However, this genotype was lost in later varieties originating from Binder. A 6+1 bp deletion event in intron III of the beta-amylase gene was in all cases linked to the presence of the C698 mutation, while the repeat number of a microsatellite in intron III had no correlation to the presence of the C698 mutation. Sequence analysis revealed a number of haplotypes within exon IV that did not result in amino acid changes due to the degenerated genetic code.
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36
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Ahokas H, Manninen ML. Thermostabilities of Grain β-Amylase and β-Glucanase in Finnish Landrace Barleys and their Putative Past Adaptedness. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Genetic diversity for quantitatively inherited agronomic and malting quality traits. DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-7972(03)80012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Matus IA, Hayes PM. Genetic diversity in three groups of barley germplasm assessed by simple sequence repeats. Genome 2002; 45:1095-106. [PMID: 12502254 DOI: 10.1139/g02-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity can be measured by several criteria, including phenotype, pedigree, allelic diversity at marker loci, and allelic diversity at loci controlling phenotypes of interest. Abundance, high level of polymorphism, and ease of genotyping make simple sequence repeats (SSRs) an excellent molecular marker system for genetics diversity analyses. In this study, we used a set of mapped SSRs to survey three representative groups of barley germplasm: a sample of crop progenitor (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) accessions, a group of mapping population parents, and a group of varieties and elite breeding lines. The objectives were to determine (i) how informative SSRs are in these three sets of barley germplasm resources and (ii) the utility of SSRs in classifying barley germplasm. A total of 687 alleles were identified at 42 SSR loci in 147 genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 31, with an average of 16.3. Crop progenitors averaged 10.3 alleles per SSR locus, mapping population parents 8.3 alleles per SSR locus, and elite breeding lines 5.8 alleles per SSR locus. There were many exclusive (unique) alleles. The polymorphism information content values for the SSRs ranged from 0.08 to 0.94. The cluster analysis indicates a high level of diversity within the crop progenitors accessions and within the mapping population parents. It also shows a lower level of diversity within the elite breeding germplasm. Our results demonstrate that this set of SSRs was highly informative and was useful in generating a meaningful classification of the germplasm that we sampled. Our long-term goal is to determine the utility of molecular marker diversity as a tool for gene discovery and efficient use of germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Matus
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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39
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Variation of Beta -Amylase Activity in Barley as Affected by Cultivar and Environment and its Relation to Protein Content and Grain Weight. J Cereal Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2002.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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A Single Amino Acid Substitution that Determines IEF Band Pattern of Barley Beta -amylase. J Cereal Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Li CD, Langridge P, Zhang XQ, Eckstein P, Rossnagel B, Lance R, Lefol E, Lu MY, Harvey B, Scoles G. Mapping of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta -amylase Alleles in which an Amino Acid Substitution Determines Beta -amylase Isoenzyme Type and the Level of Free Beta -amylase. J Cereal Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Erkkilä MJ, Ahokas H. Special barley beta-amylase allele in a Finnish landrace line HA52 with high grain enzyme activity. Hereditas 2001; 134:91-5. [PMID: 11525070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Erkkilä
- Plant Production Research, Agricultural Research Centre, Myllytie 10, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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43
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Ma Y, Stewart D, Eglinton J, Logue S, Langridge P, Evans D. Comparative Enzyme Kinetics of Two Allelic Forms of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta -amylase. J Cereal Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2000.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ellis RP, Forster BP, Robinson D, Handley LL, Gordon DC, Russell JR, Powell W. Wild barley: a source of genes for crop improvement in the 21st century? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2000; 51:9-17. [PMID: 10938791 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/51.342.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of new barleys tolerant of abiotic and biotic stresses is an essential part of the continued improvement of the crop. The domestication of barley, as in many crops, resulted in a marked truncation of the genetical variation present in wild populations. This process is significant to agronomists and scientists because a lack of allelic variation will prevent the development of adapted cultivars and hinder the investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying performance. Wild barley would be a useful source of new genetic variation for abiotic stress tolerance if surveys identify appropriate genetic variation and the development of marker-assisted selection allows efficient manipulation in cultivar development. There are many wild barley collections from all areas of its natural distribution, but the largest are derived from the Mediterranean region. The results of a range of assays designed to explore abiotic stress tolerance in barley are reported in this paper. The assays included; sodium chloride uptake in wild barley and a mapping population, effects for delta 13C and plant dry weight in wheat aneuploids, effects of photoperiod and vernalization in wild barley, and measurements of root length in wild barley given drought and nitrogen starvation treatments in hydroponic culture. There are examples of the use of wild barley in breeding programmes, for example, as a source of new disease resistance genes, but the further exploration of the differences between wild barley and cultivars is hampered by the lack of good genetic maps. In parallel to the need for genetic studies there is also a need for the development of good physiological models of crop responses to the environment. Given these tools, wild barley offers the prospect of a 'goldmine' of untapped genetic reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ellis
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.
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