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Wang Q, Guo Q, Shi Q, Yang H, Liu M, Niu Y, Quan S, Xu D, Chen X, Li L, Xu W, Kong F, Zhang H, Li P, Li B, Li G. Histological and single-nucleus transcriptome analyses reveal the specialized functions of ligular sclerenchyma cells and key regulators of leaf angle in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:920-934. [PMID: 38720461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a crucial factor that affects planting density and yield in maize. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying LA formation remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative histological analysis of the ligular region across various maize inbred lines and revealed that LA is significantly influenced by a two-step regulatory process involving initial cell elongation followed by subsequent lignification in the ligular adaxial sclerenchyma cells (SCs). Subsequently, we performed both bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, generated a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of the ligular region, and identified numerous genes enriched in the hypodermal cells that may influence their specialization into SCs. Furthermore, we functionally characterized two genes encoding atypical basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, bHLH30 and its homolog bHLH155, which are highly expressed in the elongated adaxial cells. Genetic analyses revealed that bHLH30 and bHLH155 positively regulate LA expansion, and molecular experiments demonstrated their ability to activate the transcription of genes involved in cell elongation and lignification of SCs. These findings highlight the specialized functions of ligular adaxial SCs in LA regulation by restricting further extension of ligular cells and enhancing mechanical strength. The transcriptomic atlas of the ligular region at single-nucleus resolution not only deepens our understanding of LA regulation but also enables identification of numerous potential targets for optimizing plant architecture in modern maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Qingbiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengjia Yang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yani Niu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Shuxuan Quan
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Laiyi Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Wenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Liu D, Ning Q, Zhai L, Teng F, Li Y, Zhao R, Xiong Q, Zhan J, Li Z, Yang F, Zhang Z, Liu L. Coordinated control for the auricle asymmetric development by ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 fine-tune the high-density planting adaption in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38816933 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple distinct specialized regions shape the architecture of maize leaves. Among them, the fringe-like and wedge-shaped auricles alter the angle between the leaf and stalk, which is a key trait in crop plant architecture. As planting density increased, a small leaf angle (LA) was typically selected to promote crop light capture efficiency and yield. In the present study, we characterized two paralogous INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes, ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15, which contain the Cys2-His2 zinc finger domain and function redundantly to regulate auricle development and LA in maize. Loss-of-function mutants showed decreased LA by reducing adaxial sclerenchyma thickness and increasing the colourless cell layers. In addition, the idd14;idd15 double mutant exhibited asymmetrically smaller auricles, which might cause by a failed maintenance of symmetric expression of the key auricle size controlling gene, LIGULELESS(LG1). The transcripts of ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 enriched in the ligular region, where LG1 was highly expressed, and both proteins physically interacted with ZmILI1 to promote LG1 transcription. Notably, the idd14;idd15 enhanced the grain yield of hybrids under high planting densities by shaping the plant architecture with a smaller LA. These findings demonstrate the functions of ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 in controlling the abaxial/adaxial development of sclerenchyma in the midrib and polar development along the medial-lateral axes of auricles and provide an available tool for high-density and high-yield breeding in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Teng
- Hubei Tenglong Seed Co., Ltd, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yunfu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jimin Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:849-864. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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Alonso S, Cebrián G, Gautam K, Iglesias-Moya J, Martínez C, Jamilena M. A mutation in the brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene CpDWF5 disrupts vegetative and reproductive development and the salt stress response in squash ( Cucurbita pepo). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae050. [PMID: 38645681 PMCID: PMC11031414 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A Cucurbita pepo mutant with multiple defects in growth and development has been identified and characterized. The mutant dwfcp displayed a dwarf phenotype with dark green and shrinking leaves, shortened internodes and petioles, shorter but thicker roots and greater root biomass, and reduced fertility. The causal mutation of the phenotype was found to disrupt gene Cp4.1LG17g04540, the squash orthologue of the Arabidopsis brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis gene DWF5, encoding for 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. A single nucleotide transition (G > A) causes a splicing defect in intron 6 that leads to a premature stop codon and a truncated CpDWF5 protein. The mutation co-segregated with the dwarf phenotype in a large BC1S1 segregating population. The reduced expression of CpDWF5 and brassinolide (BL) content in most mutant organs, and partial rescue of the mutant phenotype by exogenous application of BL, showed that the primary cause of the dwarfism in dwfcp is a BR deficiency. The results showed that in C. pepo, CpDWF5 is not only a positive growth regulator of different plant organs but also a negative regulator of salt tolerance. During germination and the early stages of seedling development, the dwarf mutant was less affected by salt stress than the wild type, concomitantly with a greater upregulation of genes associated with salt tolerance, including those involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, ABA and Ca2+ signaling, and those coding for cation exchangers and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Alonso
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Keshav Gautam
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Xie S, Luo H, Huang W, Jin W, Dong Z. Striking a growth-defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:424-442. [PMID: 37787439 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Lu X, Liu P, Tu L, Guo X, Wang A, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Xu Y, Chen Z, Wu X. Joint-GWAS, Linkage Mapping, and Transcriptome Analysis to Reveal the Genetic Basis of Plant Architecture-Related Traits in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2694. [PMID: 38473942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture is one of the key factors affecting maize yield formation and can be divided into secondary traits, such as plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and leaf number (LN). It is a viable approach for exploiting genetic resources to improve plant density. In this study, one natural panel of 226 inbred lines and 150 family lines derived from the offspring of T32 crossed with Qi319 were genotyped by using the MaizeSNP50 chip and the genotyping by sequence (GBS) method and phenotyped under three different environments. Based on the results, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and linkage mapping were analyzed by using the MLM and ICIM models, respectively. The results showed that 120 QTNs (quantitative trait nucleotides) and 32 QTL (quantitative trait loci) related to plant architecture were identified, including four QTL and 40 QTNs of PH, eight QTL and 41 QTNs of EH, and 20 QTL and 39 QTNs of LN. One dominant QTL, qLN7-2, was identified in the Zhangye environment. Six QTNs were commonly identified to be related to PH, EH, and LN in different environments. The candidate gene analysis revealed that Zm00001d021574 was involved in regulating plant architecture traits through the autophagy pathway, and Zm00001d044730 was predicted to interact with the male sterility-related gene ms26. These results provide abundant genetic resources for improving maize plant architecture traits by using approaches to biological breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Liang Tu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Angui Wang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yunfang Zhu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Zehui Chen
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
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Yin L, Zhang X, Gao A, Cao M, Yang D, An K, Guo S, Yin H. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase ( ACS) Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4021. [PMID: 38068656 PMCID: PMC10707884 DOI: 10.3390/plants12234021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene plays an important role in plant development and stress resistance. The rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS). C. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important food crop known for its strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, knowledge regarding the ACS gene family in C. quinoa remains restricted. In this study, we successfully identified 12 ACS genes (CqACSs) from the C. quinoa genome. Through thorough analysis of their sequences and phylogenetic relationships, it was verified that 8 out of these 12 CqACS isozymes exhibited substantial resemblance to ACS isozymes possessing ACS activity. Furthermore, these eight isozymes could be categorized into three distinct groups. The four remaining CqACS genes grouped under category IV displayed notable similarities with AtACS10 and AtACS12, known as amido transferases lacking ACS activity. The CqACS proteins bore resemblance to the AtACS proteins and had the characteristic structural features typically observed in plant ACS enzymes. Twelve CqACS genes were distributed across 8 out of the 18 chromosomes of C. quinoa. The CqACS genes were expanded from segment duplication. Many cis-regulatory elements related with various abiotic stresses, phytohormones, and light were found. The expression patterns of ACS genes varied across different tissues of C. quinoa. Furthermore, the analysis of gene expression patterns under abiotic stress showed that CqACS genes can be responsive to various stresses, implying their potential functions in adapting to various abiotic stresses. The findings from this research serve as a foundation for delving deeper into the functional roles of CqACS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Aihong Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Dongdong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Kexin An
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Shanli Guo
- College of Grassland Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- High-Efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and Alkaline Land of Dongying, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haibo Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
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Yu J, Song G, Guo W, Le L, Xu F, Wang T, Wang F, Wu Y, Gu X, Pu L. ZmBELL10 interacts with other ZmBELLs and recognizes specific motifs for transcriptional activation to modulate internode patterning in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:577-596. [PMID: 37583092 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying plant height regulation is also an important question in developmental biology. Here, we report that a BELL transcription factor, ZmBELL10, positively regulates plant height in maize (Zea mays). Loss of ZmBELL10 function resulted in shorter internodes, fewer nodes, and smaller kernels, while ZmBELL10 overexpression increased plant height and hundred-kernel weight. Transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing showed that ZmBELL10 recognizes specific sequences in the promoter of its target genes and activates cell division- and cell elongation-related gene expression, thereby influencing node number and internode length in maize. ZmBELL10 interacted with several other ZmBELL proteins via a spatial structure in its POX domain to form protein complexes involving ZmBELL10. All interacting proteins recognized the same DNA sequences, and their interaction with ZmBELL10 increased target gene expression. We identified the key residues in the POX domain of ZmBELL10 responsible for its protein-protein interactions, but these residues did not affect its transactivation activity. Collectively, our findings shed light on the functions of ZmBELL10 protein complexes and provide potential targets for improving plant architecture and yield in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangshu Song
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liang Le
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, China
| | - Fanhua Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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9
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Kan Q, Li Q. Post-transcriptional and translational regulation of plant gene expression by transposons. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102438. [PMID: 37619514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that can move within the genome and integrate in new genomic locations. They are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and can influence gene expression when landing within or nearby a gene. Although transposon-induced regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level has been extensively studied, there has been less focus on regulation at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Recent studies in maize (Zea mays) and other plant species suggest that transposon insertions can affect RNA processing, RNA stability, protein translation and protein stability. We will describe the diverse mechanisms by which transposons can influence gene expression at the post-transcriptional and translational levels, and discuss the interactions between these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Wang J, Xue L, Zhang X, Hou Y, Zheng K, Fu D, Dong W. A New Function of MbIAA19 Identified to Modulate Malus Plants Dwarfing Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3097. [PMID: 37687343 PMCID: PMC10490418 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary determinants of apple (Malus) tree architecture include plant height and internode length, which are the significant criteria for evaluating apple dwarf rootstocks. Plant height and internode length are predominantly governed by phytohormones. In this study, we aimed to assess the mechanisms underlying dwarfism in a mutant of Malus baccata. M. baccata dwarf mutant (Dwf) was previously obtained through natural mutation. It has considerably reduced plant height and internode length. A comparative transcriptome analysis of wild-type (WT) and Dwf mutant was performed to identify and annotate the differentially expressed genes responsible for the Dwf phenotype using RNA-seq and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Multiple DEGs involved in hormone signaling pathways, particularly auxin signaling pathways, were identified. Moreover, the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were lower in Dwf mutant than in WT. The Aux/IAA transcription factor gene MbIAA19 was downregulated in Dwf mutant due to a single nucleotide sequence change in its promoter. Genetic transformation assay demonstrated strong association between MbIAA19 and the dwarf phenotype. RNAi-IAA19 lines clearly exhibited reduced plant height, internode length, and endogenous IAA levels. Our study revealed that MbIAA19 plays a role in the regulation of dwarfism and endogenous IAA levels in M. baccata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.W.); (L.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.); (D.F.)
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11
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Ren Z, Liu Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Yi F, Duan L. Deciphering transcriptional mechanisms of maize internodal elongation by regulatory network analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4503-4519. [PMID: 37170764 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The lengths of the basal internodes is an important factor for lodging resistance of maize (Zea mays). In this study, foliar application of coronatine (COR) to 10 cultivars at the V8 growth stage had different suppression effects on the length of the eighth internode, with three being categorized as strong-inhibition cultivars (SC), five as moderate (MC), and two as weak (WC). RNA-sequencing of the eighth internode of the cultivars revealed a total of 7895 internode elongation-regulating genes, including 777 transcription factors (TFs). Genes related to the hormones cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and ethylene in the SC group were significantly down-regulated compared to WC, and more cell-cycle regulatory factors and cell wall-related genes showed significant changes, which severely inhibited internode elongation. In addition, we used EMSAs to explore the direct regulatory relationship between two important TFs, ZmABI7 and ZmMYB117, which regulate the cell cycle and cell wall modification by directly binding to the promoters of their target genes ZmCYC1, ZmCYC3, ZmCYC7, and ZmCPP1. The transcriptome reported in this study will provide a useful resource for studying maize internode development, with potential use for targeted genetic control of internode length to improve the lodging resistance of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation & College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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12
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Zhang J, Xie Y, Zhang H, He C, Wang X, Cui Y, Heng Y, Lin Y, Gu R, Wang J, Fu J. Integrated Multi-Omics Reveals Significant Roles of Non-Additively Expressed Small RNAs in Heterosis for Maize Plant Height. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119150. [PMID: 37298102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterosis is a complex biological phenomenon regulated by genetic variations and epigenetic changes. However, the roles of small RNAs (sRNAs), an important epigenetic regulatory element, on plant heterosis are still poorly understood. Here, an integrative analysis was performed with sequencing data from multi-omics layers of maize hybrids and their two homologous parental lines to explore the potential underlying mechanisms of sRNAs in plant height (PH) heterosis. sRNAome analysis revealed that 59 (18.61%) microRNAs (miRNAs) and 64,534 (54.00%) 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) clusters were non-additively expressed in hybrids. Transcriptome profiles showed that these non-additively expressed miRNAs regulated PH heterosis through activating genes involved in vegetative growth-related pathways while suppressing those related to reproductive and stress response pathways. DNA methylome profiles showed that non-additive methylation events were more likely to be induced by non-additively expressed siRNA clusters. Genes associated with low-parental expression (LPE) siRNAs and trans-chromosomal demethylation (TCdM) events were enriched in developmental processes as well as nutrients and energy metabolism, whereas genes associated with high-parental expression (HPE) siRNAs and trans-chromosomal methylation (TCM) events were gathered in stress response and organelle organization pathways. Our results provide insights into the expression and regulation patterns of sRNAs in hybrids and help to elucidate their potential targeting pathways contributing to PH heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanfang Heng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Riliang Gu
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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14
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Wang W, Guo W, Le L, Yu J, Wu Y, Li D, Wang Y, Wang H, Lu X, Qiao H, Gu X, Tian J, Zhang C, Pu L. Integration of high-throughput phenotyping, GWAS, and predictive models reveals the genetic architecture of plant height in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:354-373. [PMID: 36447436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant height (PH) is an essential trait in maize (Zea mays) that is tightly associated with planting density, biomass, lodging resistance, and grain yield in the field. Dissecting the dynamics of maize plant architecture will be beneficial for ideotype-based maize breeding and prediction, as the genetic basis controlling PH in maize remains largely unknown. In this study, we developed an automated high-throughput phenotyping platform (HTP) to systematically and noninvasively quantify 77 image-based traits (i-traits) and 20 field traits (f-traits) for 228 maize inbred lines across all developmental stages. Time-resolved i-traits with novel digital phenotypes and complex correlations with agronomic traits were characterized to reveal the dynamics of maize growth. An i-trait-based genome-wide association study identified 4945 trait-associated SNPs, 2603 genetic loci, and 1974 corresponding candidate genes. We found that rapid growth of maize plants occurs mainly at two developmental stages, stage 2 (S2) to S3 and S5 to S6, accounting for the final PH indicators. By integrating the PH-association network with the transcriptome profiles of specific internodes, we revealed 13 hub genes that may play vital roles during rapid growth. The candidate genes and novel i-traits identified at multiple growth stages may be used as potential indicators for final PH in maize. One candidate gene, ZmVATE, was functionally validated and shown to regulate PH-related traits in maize using genetic mutation. Furthermore, machine learning was used to build predictive models for final PH based on i-traits, and their performance was assessed across developmental stages. Moderate, strong, and very strong correlations between predictions and experimental datasets were achieved from the early S4 (tenth-leaf) stage. Colletively, our study provides a valuable tool for dissecting the spatiotemporal formation of specific internodes and the genetic architecture of PH, as well as resources and predictive models that are useful for molecular design breeding and predicting maize varieties with ideal plant architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Le
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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15
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Study on ZmRPN10 Regulating Leaf Angle in Maize by RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010189. [PMID: 36613631 PMCID: PMC9820655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP) plays a crucial role in almost all aspects of plant growth and development, proteasome subunit RPN10 mediates ubiquitination substrate recognition in the UPP process. The recognition pathway of ubiquitinated UPP substrate is different in different species, which indicates that the mechanism and function of RPN10 are different in different species. However, the homologous ZmRPN10 in maize has not been studied. In this study, the changing of leaf angle and gene expression in leaves in maize wild-type B73 and mutant rpn10 under exogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated. The regulation effect of BR on the leaf angle of rpn10 was significantly stronger than that of B73. Transcriptome analysis showed that among the differentially expressed genes, CRE1, A-ARR and SnRK2 were significantly up-regulated, and PP2C, BRI1 AUX/IAA, JAZ and MYC2 were significantly down-regulated. This study revealed the regulation mechanism of ZmRPN10 on maize leaf angle and provided a promising gene resource for maize breeding.
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16
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Le L, Guo W, Du D, Zhang X, Wang W, Yu J, Wang H, Qiao H, Zhang C, Pu L. A spatiotemporal transcriptomic network dynamically modulates stalk development in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2313-2331. [PMID: 36070002 PMCID: PMC9674325 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop with suitable stalk formation which is beneficial for acquiring an ideal agronomic trait to resist lodging and higher planting density. The elongation pattern of stalks arises from the variable growth of individual internodes driven by cell division and cell expansion comprising the maize stalk. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory network of the maize stalk development and differentiation process remain unclear. Here, we report spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomes using all internodes of the whole stalks from developing maize at the elongation and maturation stages. We identified four distinct groups corresponding to four developmental zones and nine specific clusters with diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns among individual internodes of the stalk. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we constructed transcriptional regulatory networks at a fine spatiotemporal resolution and uncovered key modules and candidate genes involved in internode maintenance, elongation, and division that determine stalk length and thickness in maize. Further CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout validated the function of a cytochrome P450 gene, ZmD1, in the regulation of stalk length and thickness as predicted by the WGCN. Collectively, these results provide insights into the high genetic complexity of stalk development and the potentially valuable resources with ideal stalk lengths and widths for genetic improvements in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Le
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Danyao Du
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia Yu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Sanya InstituteHainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
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17
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Duan H, Li J, Sun Y, Xiong X, Sun L, Li W, Gao J, Li N, Zhang J, Cui J, Fu Z, Zhang X, Tang J. Candidate loci for leaf angle in maize revealed by a combination of genome-wide association study and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1004211. [PMID: 36437932 PMCID: PMC9691904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a key component of maize plant architecture that can simultaneously govern planting density and improve final yield. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying LA have not been fully addressed. To broaden our understanding of its genetic basis, we scored three LA-related traits on upper, middle, and low leaves of 492 maize inbred lines in five environments. Phenotypic data revealed that the three LA-related traits were normally distributed, and significant variation was observed among environments and genotypes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was then performed to dissect the genetic factors that control natural variation in maize LA. In total, 85 significant SNPs (involving 32 non-redundant QTLs) were detected (p ≤ 2.04 × 10–6), and individual QTL explained 4.80%–24.09% of the phenotypic variation. Five co-located QTL were detected in at least two environments, and two QTLs were co-located with multiple LA-related traits. Forty-seven meta-QTLs were identified based on meta-analysis combing 294 LA-related QTLs extracted from 18 previously published studies, 816 genes were identified within these meta-QTLs, and seven co-located QTLs were jointly identified by both GWAS and meta-analysis. ZmULA1 was located in one of the co-located QTLs, qLA7, and its haplotypes, hap1 and hap2, differed significantly in LA-related traits. Interestingly, the temperate materials with hap2 had smallest LA. Finally, we also performed haplotype analysis using the reported genes that regulate LA, and identified a lot of maize germplasms that aggregated favorable haplotypes. These results will be helpful for elucidating the genetic basis of LA and breeding new maize varieties with ideal plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jionghao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiangkuan Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehai Zhang, ; Jihua Tang,
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehai Zhang, ; Jihua Tang,
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18
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Zhao C, Yang L, Tang M, Liu L, Huang J, Tong C, Xiang Y, Liu S, Cheng X, Xie M. Genome-wide association study reveals a GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 gene regulating plant height in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061196. [PMID: 36407634 PMCID: PMC9666772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an allotetraploid crop that is the main source of edible oils and feed proteins in the world. The ideal plant architecture breeding is a major objective of rapeseed breeding and determining the appropriate plant height is a key element of the ideal plant architecture. Therefore, this study aims to improve the understanding of the genetic controls underlying plant height. The plant heights of 230 rapeseed accessions collected worldwide were investigated in field experiments over two consecutive years in Wuhan, China. Whole-genome resequencing of these accessions yielded a total of 1,707,194 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). GWAS and haplotype analysis showed that BnaA01g09530D, which encodes BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 and belongs to the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3) family, was significantly associated with plant height in B. napus. Moreover, a total of 31 BnGSK3s with complete domains were identified from B. napus genome and clustered into four groups according to phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, and motif distribution. The expression patterns showed that BnGSK3s exhibited significant differences in 13 developmental tissues in B. napus, suggesting that BnGSK3s may be involved in tissue-specific development. Sixteen BnGSK3 genes were highly expressed the in shoot apical meristem, which may be related to plant height or architecture development. These results are important for providing new haplotypes of plant height in B. napus and for extending valuable genetic information for rapeseed genetic improvement of plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Minqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meili Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yin X, Bi Y, Jiang F, Guo R, Zhang Y, Fan J, Kang MS, Fan X. Fine mapping of candidate quantitative trait loci for plant and ear height in a maize nested-association mapping population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963985. [PMID: 35991429 PMCID: PMC9386523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) are two important traits in maize (Zea mays L.), as they are closely related to lodging resistance and planting density. Our objectives were to (1) investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with PH and EH for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) and new gene that determines PH and EH, (2) explore the value of the QTL in maize breeding, and (3) investigate whether the "triangle heterotic group" theory is applicable for lowering PH and EH to increase yield. Seven inbred female parents were crossed with a common founder male parent Ye 107 to create a nested association mapping (NAM) population. The analysis of phenotypic data on PH and EH revealed wide variation among the parents of the NAM population. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and high-resolution linkage mapping were conducted using the NAM population, which generated 264,694 SNPs by genotyping-by-sequencing. A total of 105 SNPs and 22 QTL were identified by GWAS and found to be significantly associated with PH and EH. A high-confidence QTL for PH, Qtl-chr1-EP, was identified on chromosome 1 via GWAS and confirmed by linkage analysis in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Results revealed that the SNP variation in the promoter region of the candidate gene Zm00001d031938, located at Qtl-chr1-EP, which encoded UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-transferase, might decrease PH and EH. Furthermore, the triangle heterotic pattern adopted in maize breeding programs by our team is practicable in selecting high-yield crosses based on the low ratio of EH/PH (EP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Yin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fuyan Jiang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ruijia Guo
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Manjit S. Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Yu D, Li X, Li Y, Ali F, Li F, Wang Z. Dynamic roles and intricate mechanisms of ethylene in epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis and cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:375-391. [PMID: 34882809 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene affects many aspects of plant growth and development, including root hairs and trichomes growth in Arabidopsis, as well as fiber development in cotton, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this article, we update the research progress associated with the main genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway, and we propose a clear ethylene pathway based on genome-wide identification of homologues in cotton. Expression pattern analysis using transcriptome data revealed that some candidate genes may contribute to cotton fiber development through the ethylene pathway. Moreover, we systematically summarized the effects of ethylene on the development of epidermal hair and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis. Based on the knowledge of ethylene-promoted cell differentiation, elongation, and development in different tissues or plants, we advised a possible regulatory network for cotton fiber development with ethylene as the hub. Importantly, we emphasized the roles of ethylene as an important node in regulating cotton vegetative growth, and stress resistance, and suggested utilizing multiple methods to subtly modify ethylene synthesis or signaling in a tissue or spatiotemporal-specific manner to clarify its exact effect on architecture, adaptability of the plant, and fiber development, paving the way for basic research and genetic improvement of the cotton crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqian Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
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21
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Zhao S, Li X, Song J, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang P, Li Z, Tian Z, Lv M, Deng C, Ai T, Chen G, Zhang H, Hu J, Xu Z, Chen J, Ding J, Song W, Chang Y. Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture using a novel nested association mapping population. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20179. [PMID: 34859966 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The leaf angle (LA), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) are key plant architectural traits influencing maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, their genetic determinants have not yet been well-characterized. Here, we developed a maize advanced backcross-nested association mapping population in Henan Agricultural University (HNAU-NAM1) comprised of 1,625 BC1 F4 /BC2 F4 lines. These were obtained by crossing a diverse set of 12 representative inbred lines with the common GEMS41 line, which were then genotyped using the MaizeSNP9.4K array. Genetic diversity and phenotypic distribution analyses showed considerable levels of genetic variation. We obtained 18-88 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with LA, PH, and EH by using three complementary mapping methods, named as separate linkage mapping, joint linkage mapping, and genome-wide association studies. Our analyses enabled the identification of ten QTL hot-spot regions associated with the three traits, which were distributed on nine different chromosomes. We further selected 13 major QTLs that were simultaneously detected by three methods and deduced the candidate genes, of which eight were not reported before. The newly constructed HNAU-NAM1 population in this study will further broaden our insights into understanding of genetic regulation of plant architecture, thus will help to improve maize yield and provide an invaluable resource for maize functional genomics and breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xueying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huimin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Univ., Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meng Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ce Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tangshun Ai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Gengshen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- Zhanjiang Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junqiang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
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22
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Cao Y, Zhong Z, Wang H, Shen R. Leaf angle: a target of genetic improvement in cereal crops tailored for high-density planting. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:426-436. [PMID: 35075761 PMCID: PMC8882799 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-density planting is an effective measure for increasing crop yield per unit land area. Leaf angle (LA) is a key trait of plant architecture and a target for genetic improvement of crops. Upright leaves allow better light capture in canopy under high-density planting, thus enhancing photosynthesis efficiency, ventilation and stress resistance, and ultimately higher grain yield. Here, we summarized the latest progress on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating LA formation in rice and maize. We suggest several standing out questions for future studies and then propose some promising strategies to manipulate LA for breeding of cereal crops tailored for high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhuojun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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23
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Morphological Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of New Dwarf and Narrow-Leaf ( dnl2) Mutant in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020795. [PMID: 35054982 PMCID: PMC8775757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lodging is the primary factor limiting high yield under a high plant density. However, an optimal plant height and leaf shape can effectively decrease the lodging risk. Here we studied an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced dwarf and a narrow-leaf mutant, dnl2. Gene mapping indicated that the mutant was controlled by a gene located on chromosome nine. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that dnl2 showed inhibited cell growth, altered vascular bundle patterning, and disrupted secondary cell wall structure when compared with the wild-type, which could be the direct cause of the dwarf and narrow-leaf phenotype. The phytohormone levels, especially auxin and gibberellin, were significantly decreased in dnl2 compared to the wild-type plants. Transcriptome profiling of the internodes of the dnl2 mutant and wild-type revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes enriched in the cell wall biosynthesis, remodeling, and hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggest that crosstalk between hormones (the altered vascular bundle and secondary cell wall structure) may contribute to the dwarf and narrow-leaf phenotype by influencing cell growth. These results provide a foundation for DNL2 gene cloning and further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of plant height and leaf shape in maize.
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24
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Wang S, Zhang F, Jiang P, Zhang H, Zheng H, Chen R, Xu Z, Ikram AU, Li E, Xu Z, Fan J, Su Y, Ding Y. SDG128 is involved in maize leaf inclination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1597-1608. [PMID: 34612535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize leaf angle (LA) is a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by developmental signals, hormones, and environmental factors. However, the connection between histone methylation and LAs in maize remains unclear. Here, we reported that SET domain protein 128 (SDG128) is involved in leaf inclination in maize. Knockdown of SDG128 using an RNA interference approach resulted in an expanded architecture, less large vascular bundles, more small vascular bundles, and larger spacing of large vascular bundles in the auricles. SDG128 interacts with ZmGID2 both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of ZmGID2 also showed a larger LA with less large vascular bundles and larger spacing of vascular bundles. In addition, the transcription level of cell wall expansion family genes ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, and GRMZM2G005887; transcriptional factor genes Lg1, ZmTAC1, and ZmCLA4; and auxin pathway genes ZmYUCCA7, ZmYUCCA8, and ZmARF22 was reduced in SDG128 and ZmGID2 knockdown plants. SDG128 directly targets ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, LG1, and ZmTAC1 and is required for H3K4me3 deposition at these genes. Together, the results of the present study suggest that SDG128 and ZmGID2 are involved in the maize leaf inclination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Rihong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zuntao Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Enze Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zaoshi Xu
- Anhui Forestry High-Tech Development Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Jun Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
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25
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Xu C, Hao B, Sun G, Mei Y, Sun L, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wang D, Rao Z, Li X, Shen QJ, Wang NN. Dual activities of ACC synthase: Novel clues regarding the molecular evolution of ACS genes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg8752. [PMID: 34757795 PMCID: PMC8580319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays profound roles in plant development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS), which is generally believed to be a single-activity enzyme evolving from aspartate aminotransferases. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to catalyzing the conversion of S-adenosyl-methionine to the ethylene precursor ACC, genuine ACSs widely have Cβ-S lyase activity. Two N-terminal motifs, including a glutamine residue, are essential for conferring ACS activity to ACS-like proteins. Motif and activity analyses of ACS-like proteins from plants at different evolutionary stages suggest that the ACC-dependent pathway is uniquely developed in seed plants. A putative catalytic mechanism for the dual activities of ACSs is proposed on the basis of the crystal structure and biochemical data. These findings not only expand our current understanding of ACS functions but also provide novel insights into the evolutionary origin of ACS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bowei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gongling Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Ning Ning Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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26
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Strable J, Nelissen H. The dynamics of maize leaf development: Patterned to grow while growing a pattern. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102038. [PMID: 33940553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are a significant component of the shoot system in grasses, functioning in light capture and photosynthesis. Leaf width, length, and angle are expressions of development that collectively define canopy architecture. Thus, the distinctive morphology of grass leaves is an interdependent readout of developmental patterning and growth along the proximal-distal, medial-lateral, and adaxial-abaxial axes. Here, we review the chronology of patterning and growth, namely along the proximal-distal axis, during maize leaf development. We underscore that patterning and growth occur simultaneously, making use of shared developmental gradients and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695.
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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27
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Strable J. Developmental genetics of maize vegetative shoot architecture. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 37309417 PMCID: PMC10236122 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1.1 billion tonnes of maize grain were harvested across 197 million hectares in 2019 (FAOSTAT 2020). The vast global productivity of maize is largely driven by denser planting practices, higher yield potential per area of land, and increased yield potential per plant. Shoot architecture, the three-dimensional structural arrangement of the above-ground plant body, is critical to maize grain yield and biomass. Structure of the shoot is integral to all aspects of modern agronomic practices. Here, the developmental genetics of the maize vegetative shoot is reviewed. Plant architecture is ultimately determined by meristem activity, developmental patterning, and growth. The following topics are discussed: shoot apical meristem, leaf architecture, axillary meristem and shoot branching, and intercalary meristem and stem activity. Where possible, classical and current studies in maize developmental genetics, as well as recent advances leveraged by "-omics" analyses, are highlighted within these sections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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28
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He Q, Zhi H, Tang S, Xing L, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang A, Li Y, Gao M, Zhang H, Chen G, Dai S, Li J, Yang J, Liu H, Zhang W, Jia Y, Li S, Liu J, Qiao Z, Guo E, Jia G, Liu J, Diao X. QTL mapping for foxtail millet plant height in multi-environment using an ultra-high density bin map. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:557-572. [PMID: 33128073 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using a fixed RIL population derived from a widely used foxtail millet backbone breeding line and an elite cultivar, we constructed a high-density bin map and identified six novel multi-environment effect QTLs and seven candidate genes for dwarf phenotype. Plant height is an important trait that determines tradeoffs between competition and resource allocation, which is crucial for yield potential. To improve the C4 model plant foxtail millet (Setaria italica) productivity, it is necessary to isolate plant height-related genes that contribute to ideal plant architecture in breeding. In the present study, we generated a foxtail millet population of 333 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a backbone line Ai 88 and an elite cultivar Liaogu 1. We evaluated plant height in 13 environmental conditions across 4 years, the mean plant height of the RIL population ranged from 89.5 to 149.9 cm. Using deep re-sequencing data, we constructed a high-density bin map with 3744 marker bins. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified 26 QTLs significantly associated with plant height. Of these, 13 QTLs were repeatedly detected under multiple environments, including six novel QTLs that have not been reported before. Seita.1G242300, a gene encodes gibberellin 2-oxidase-8, which was detected in nine environments in a 1.54-Mb interval of qPH1.3, was considered as an important candidate gene. Moreover, other six genes involved in GA biosynthesis or signaling pathways, and fifteen genes encode F-box domain proteins which might function as E3 ligases, were also considered as candidate genes in different QTLs. These QTLs and candidate genes identified in this study will help to elucidate the genetic basis of foxtail millet plant height, and the linked markers will be useful for marker-assistant selection of varieties with ideal plant architecture and high yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Haigang Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Institute of Millet Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
| | - Haijin Zhang
- Institute of Dry-Land Agriculture and Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chaoyang, 122000, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoqiu Chen
- Institute of Dry-Land Agriculture and Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chaoyang, 122000, Liaoning, China
| | - Shutao Dai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Yanchao Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Shujie Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Erhu Guo
- Institute of Millet Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, 100081, China.
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Zhao H, Yin CC, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102-125. [PMID: 33095478 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species Arabidopsis, a linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established, according to which ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors and transduced through CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) and ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) to activate transcriptional reprogramming. In addition to this canonical signaling pathway, an alternative ethylene receptor-mediated phosphor-relay pathway has also been proposed to participate in ethylene signaling. In contrast to Arabidopsis, rice, a monocot, grows in semiaquatic environments and has a distinct plant structure. Several novel regulators and/or mechanisms of the rice ethylene signaling pathway have recently been identified, indicating that the ethylene signaling pathway in rice has its own unique features. In this review, we summarize the latest progress and compare the conserved and divergent aspects of the ethylene signaling pathway between Arabidopsis and rice. The crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how ethylene regulates plant growth, stress responses and agronomic traits. These analyses should help expand our knowledge of the ethylene signaling mechanism and could further be applied for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zabala G, Kour A, Vodkin LO. Overexpression of an ethylene-forming ACC oxidase (ACO) gene precedes the Minute Hilum seed coat phenotype in Glycine max. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:716. [PMID: 33066734 PMCID: PMC7566151 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate features of seed development, we investigated the transcriptome of a soybean isoline from the germplasm collection that contained an introgressed allele known as minute hilum (mi) which confers a smaller hilum region where the seed attaches to the pod and also results in seed coat cracking surrounding the hilum region. RESULTS RNAs were extracted from immature seed from an extended hilum region (i.e., the hilum and a small ring of tissue surrounding the hilum in which the cracks form) at three different developmental stages:10-25, 25-50 and 50-100 mg seed fresh weight in two independent replicates for each stage. The transcriptomes of these samples from both the Clark isoline containing the mi allele (PI 547628, UC413, ii R t mi G), and its recurrent Clark 63 parent isoline (PI 548532, UC7, ii R T Mi g), which was used for six generations of backcrossing, were compared for differential expression of 88,648 Glyma models of the soybean genome Wm82.a2. The RNA sequence data obtained from the 12 cDNA libraries were subjected to padj value < 0.05 and at least two-fold expression differences to select with confidence genes differentially expressed in the hilum-containing tissue of the seed coat between the two lines. Glyma.09G008400 annotated as encoding an ethylene forming enzyme, ACC oxidase (ACO), was found to be highly overexpressed in the mi hilum region at 165 RPKMs (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads) compared to the standard line at just 0.03 RPKMs. Evidence of changes in expression of genes downstream of the ethylene pathway included those involved in auxin and gibberellin hormone action and extensive differences in expression of cell wall protein genes. These changes are postulated to determine the restricted hilum size and cracking phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We present transcriptome and phenotypic evidence that substantially higher expression of an ethylene-forming ACO gene likely shifts hormone balance and sets in motion downstream changes resulting in a smaller hilum phenotype and the cracks observed in the minute hilum (mi) isoline as compared to its recurrent parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Zabala
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61981, USA
| | - Anupreet Kour
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61981, USA
- Present address: Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Lila O Vodkin
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61981, USA.
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Synergistic Interaction of Phytohormones in Determining Leaf Angle in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145052. [PMID: 32709150 PMCID: PMC7404121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA), defined as the angle between the plant stem and leaf adaxial side of the blade, generally shapes the plant architecture into a loosen or dense structure, and thus influences the light interception and competition between neighboring plants in natural settings, ultimately contributing to the crop yield and productivity. It has been elucidated that brassinosteroid (BR) plays a dominant role in determining LA, and other phytohormones also positively or negatively participate in regulating LA. Accumulating evidences have revealed that these phytohormones interact with each other in modulating various biological processes. However, the comprehensive discussion of how the phytohormones and their interaction involved in shaping LA is relatively lack. Here, we intend to summarize the advances in the LA regulation mediated by the phytohormones and their crosstalk in different plant species, mainly in rice and maize, hopefully providing further insights into the genetic manipulation of LA trait in crop breeding and improvement in regarding to overcoming the challenge from the continuous demands for food under limited arable land area.
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