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Kim SY. The Antioxidant and Anti-Complementary Activities of Crude Polysaccharides from Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliate) Seeds. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:321-327. [PMID: 37842249 PMCID: PMC10567592 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, I extracted the crude polysaccharides from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate) seeds, known as TSCP, using water extraction and ethanol precipitation. The monosaccharide composition of TSCP was in the following order: arabinose (28.28 mol%)> galactose (16.76 mol%)> galacturonic acid+glucuronic acid (13.6 mol%)> glucose (12.45 mol%)> rhamnose (4.18 mol%)> mannose (0.57 mol%)> fucose (0.32 mol%). Its total polyphenol contents were 28.66 and 70.96 μg/mL at 1 and 10 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.01). Further, the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity of 10 mg/mL TSCP (31.67%) was higher than that of 1 mg/mL TSCP (8.07%; P<0.01) and also higher than its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (11.97%) at the same concentration (10 mg/mL; P<0.01). The anti-complementary property of TSCP increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.001), and at 1,000 μg/mL, it was comparable (61.36%) to the positive control (60%) consisting of polysaccharide-K. In conclusion, TSCP might be a potential immune modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeong Kim
- Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Korea
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2
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Suresh H, Mikhael M, Ho V, Zhou J. A HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF-MS Method for the Analysis of Monomer Constituents in PHGG, Gum Arabic And Psyllium Husk Prebiotic Dietary Fibre Supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2096064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Suresh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Mass Spectrometry Unit Research Services, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- University Medical Clinic of Camden & Campbelltown (UMCCC), Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Jerry Zhou
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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Jo K, Kim S, Yu KW, Chung YB, Kim WJ, Suh HJ, Kim H. Changes in the component sugar and immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale in the pretreatments. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3021-3028. [PMID: 34775614 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To isolate polysaccharides with enhanced immunostimulatory activity from Dendrobium officinale, which is used as a herbal medicine in China and Southeast Asia, D. officinale (DO) was pretreated with organic solvents (DOOS) or puffing at 7.5 and 9.0 kgf (7.5DO and 9DO). Hot-water extracts (DOOS-HW, 7.5DO-HW and 9DO-HW) were prepared from each pretreated DO, along with non-pretreated DO, and crude polysaccharides (DO-CP, DOOS-CP, 7.5DO-CP and 9DO-CP) were fractionated from each hot-water extract using ethanol (five volumes). RESULTS When their immunostimulatory activities were compared by macrophage stimulation and intestinal immune system modulation via Peyer's patches, DOOS-CP showed more potent activity than DO-CP. However, crude polysaccharides fractionated from puffed DO showed significantly lower activity than non-puffed DO and DOOS. The most active polysaccharide contained 95% or more neutral sugar, and the composition ratio of mannose and glucose was 3.0, whereas the lowest polysaccharide content was 2.0 or less. In addition, DOOS-CP was a somewhat refined fraction containing a major peak, representing a molecular weight of 250 kDa, despite being a crude polysaccharide. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pretreatment of D. officinale with organic solvents may enhance the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides and affect the mannose/glucose ratio of polysaccharides, which plays an important role in immunostimulation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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SHIN KS, SEO H, LEE SJ, SUNG S, HWANG D. Polysaccharide isolated from Korean-style soy sauce activates macrophages via the MAPK and NK-κB pathways. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dahyun HWANG
- Hoseo University, Republic of Korea; Hoseo University, Republic of Korea
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5
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Inhibitory effects of orally administered pectic polysaccharides extracted from the citrus Hallabong peel on lung metastasis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Han SH, Ahn Y, Lee HJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of a Submerged Culture of Cordyceps sinensis Using Spent Coffee. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081697. [PMID: 34441476 PMCID: PMC8394004 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are inexpensive materials that have been used as a source of antioxidants and polysaccharides with immunostimulatory activity. In this study, we performed a microbial fermentation of SCG using Cordyceps sinensis and investigated the radical scavenging and immunostimulatory activity of fermented SCG. SCG fermentation using C. sinensis was performed at 25 °C for 8 d. The polyphenol content of the fermented SCG increased from 1022.4 to 1562.0 μg/mL. The glucosamine content of the mycelia also continuously increased during fermentation. The main polyphenol compounds of fermented SCG were chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid, which were increased by fermentation. Fermented SCG also showed significantly higher content of chlorogenic acid isomers than unfermented SCG. The fermented SCG exhibited significantly higher 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (half maximal inhibitory concentration: IC50, 0.37 mg/mL) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (IC50, 0.93 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities than those of the control (0.54 mg/mL and 1.20 mg/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). The fermented SCG stimulated macrophages and promoted the production of various immunostimulatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to control; therefore, microbial fermentation of SCG using C. sinensis is an effective means of generating antioxidant and immunostimulatory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2764; Fax: +82-2-921-7207
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Barnes WJ, Koj S, Black IM, Archer-Hartmann SA, Azadi P, Urbanowicz BR, Peña MJ, O'Neill MA. Protocols for isolating and characterizing polysaccharides from plant cell walls: a case study using rhamnogalacturonan-II. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:142. [PMID: 34158109 PMCID: PMC8218411 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, a large diversity of polysaccharides comprise the cell wall. Each major type of plant cell wall polysaccharide, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, has distinct structures and functions that contribute to wall mechanics and influence plant morphogenesis. In recent years, pectin valorization has attracted much attention due to its expanding roles in biomass deconstruction, food and material science, and environmental remediation. However, pectin utilization has been limited by our incomplete knowledge of its structure. Herein, we present a workflow of principles relevant for the characterization of polysaccharide primary structure using nature's most complex polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), as a model. RESULTS We outline how to isolate RG-II from celery and duckweed cell walls and from red wine using chemical or enzymatic treatments coupled with size-exclusion chromatography. From there, we applied mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to determine the glycosyl residue and linkage compositions of the intact RG-II and derived oligosaccharides including special considerations for labile monosaccharides. In doing so, we demonstrated that in the duckweed Wolffiella repanda the arabinopyranosyl (Arap) residue of side chain B is substituted at O-2 with rhamnose. We used electrospray-MS techniques to identify non-glycosyl modifications including methyl-ethers, methyl-esters, and acetyl-esters on RG-II-derived oligosaccharides. We then showed the utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) to investigate the structure of intact RG-II and to complement the RG-II dimerization studies performed using size-exclusion chromatography. CONCLUSIONS The complexity of pectic polysaccharide structures has hampered efforts aimed at their valorization. In this work, we used RG-II as a model to demonstrate the steps necessary to isolate and characterize polysaccharides using chromatographic, MS, and NMR techniques. The principles can be applied to the characterization of other saccharide structures and will help inform researchers on how saccharide structure relates to functional properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Barnes
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sabina Koj
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ian M Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Breeanna R Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Maria J Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Malcolm A O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Zheng H, Huang W, He B, Tan H, Lin P, Zha Z. Positive effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and a Sanguisorba officinalis polysaccharide on the proliferation and differentiation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:297-305. [PMID: 32252578 PMCID: PMC7178881 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1743325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae), a famous traditional Chinese medicine. It was recently reported that its polysaccharide could facilitate collagen production.Objectives: We investigated the mechanism by which S. officinalis polysaccharide (SOWPa) and/or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) promote regenerative potential of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in vitro.Materials and methods: ACL fibroblasts were treated with SOWPa (25 and 100 mg/kg), PRP, PRP + SOWPa (25 and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle alone for 24, 48, or 72 h. Cell viability, migration ability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT, transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to assess associated protein expression.Results: PRP, SOWPa (100 mg/kg) or PRP + SOWPa (100 mg/kg) treatment for 72 h significantly improved the cell viability of ACL fibroblasts from 100 ± 7.5% (control) to 156.85 ± 12.82%, 188.08 ± 15.92%, and 223.67 ± 18.82%, respectively, which was evidenced by individual decreased apoptosis rate from 31.26 ± 2.35% (control) to 20.80 ± 1.89%, 18.01 ± 1.55% and 9.33 ± 0.78%. Furthermore, the motility of ACL fibroblasts was significantly improved with increased migrated cell number per field from 5 for control to 26 for PRP, 36 for SOWPa and 44 for PRP + SOWPa, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression of differentiation markers (RUNX2, ALP, BMP2 and Col I) and TLR-4 and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) was inhibited by the above treatment.Discussion and conclusions: Data suggested that the addition of SOWPa to PRP increased the regenerative ability of ACL fibroblasts by blocking the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leizhou, Leizhou, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongchang Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pingzhi Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Zhengang Zha Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Zou Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Li Y, Tan Q, Dan Q, Yuan T, Liu X, Liu RH, Liu Z. Ficus carica polysaccharide attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:6666-6679. [PMID: 32658237 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) components of the common fig fruit have been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and immunity-enhancing activities. However, it is unclear whether it could prevent the ulcerative colitis development. Here, we reported that 5 week orally administered FCPS (150-300 mg per kg bw) significantly prevented DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice by improving the colon length and suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gut. FCPS treatment protected the goblet cells, elevated the expression of tight junction protein claudin-1, and suppressed the formation of cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. FCPS supplementation significantly reformed the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of S24-7, Bacteroides, and Coprococus, and suppressing the abundance of Escherichia and Clostridium at the genus level. Consistently, the formation of beneficial microbial metabolites, short chain fatty acids, especially acetate and butyrate, were improved in FCPS-treated colitis mice. The correlation analysis indicated that the protective effects of FCPS on ulcerative colitis might be highly correlated with the microbiota composition changes and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, these results indicated that FCPS supplementation could be a promising nutritional strategy for reducing inflammatory bowel disease and the gut microbes play essential roles in providing these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Park HR, Shin KS. Structural elucidation of an anti-metastatic polysaccharide from the peels of Korean citrus Hallabong. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee DY, Park CW, Lee SJ, Park HR, Kim SH, Son SU, Park J, Shin KS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Polysaccharides via Activation of Immune-Related Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1411. [PMID: 32038228 PMCID: PMC6988799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng has long been used as natural medicine and health food all over the world. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and its prognosis likely depends on the immune system during tumor treatment. In this study, ginseng berry polysaccharides were evaluated for their immunostimulant and anti-cancer effects. Ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) was used to investigate its effects on anti-complementary activity, peritoneal macrophage activation, and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, both intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of GBPP prior to B16-BL6 melanoma implantation in mice was evaluated. GBPP significantly increased the anti-complementary activity and cytokine production including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, dose-dependently. Splenocytes obtained after i.v. administration of GBPP showed cytolytic activity in Yac-1 cells in proportion to the E/T ratio. In addition, GBPP enhanced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B of NK cells. For the experimental lung cancer, compared with control mice, GBPP delivered by i.v. suppressed cancer by 48% at 100 μg/mouse, while a 37% reduction was achieved by oral administration. Deficient of NK cells in animal model demonstrated that the anti-cancer effect of GBPP was through NK cell activation. Results of this study suggest that ginseng berry polysaccharides, owing to their modulation of the immune response, can be a potential curative applicant for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chan Woong Park
- R&D Center, Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- R&D Center, Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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Sznaider F, Rojas AM, Stortz CA, Navarro DA. Chemical structure and rheological studies of arabinoglucuronoxylans from the Cercidium praecox exudate brea gum. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 228:115388. [PMID: 31635746 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the arabinoglucuronoxylans from brea gum was elucidated through an chemical and NMR spectroscopical analysis. They are composed of xylose, arabinose, glucuronic acid and 4-O-methylglucuronic acid in a molar ratio 1:0.44:0.16:0.22. The structure consists of a central chain of (1→4)-β-d-xylopyranose of which ca.70% are susbstituted in C2 with single stubs of others sugars (β-d-Xylp, α-d-GlcpA and 4-O-Me-α-d-GlcpA), with disaccharides (α-l-Arap-(1→2)-4-O-Me-α-d-GlcpA-(1→, α-l-Arap-(1→2)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→, β-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ and α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→5), and possibly with trisaccharides of xylose. The determination of the location of the acetyl groups and their quantification in these arabinoglucuronoxylans has been achieved for the first time. Brea gum presents a higher thickening effect than gum arabic in 5% aqueous solution, demonstrating its potential usefulness for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sznaider
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ/CONICET), Departamento de Industrias, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Stortz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Navarro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Huang W, Deng H, Jin S, Yang W, Wang H, Meng C, Wang H, Yang S. A polysaccharide from dried aerial parts of Agrimonia pilosa: Structural characterization and its potential therapeutic activity for steroid‑induced necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 214:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee DY, Park CW, Lee SJ, Park HR, Seo DB, Park JY, Park J, Shin KS. Immunostimulating and Antimetastatic Effects of Polysaccharides Purified from Ginseng Berry. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:823-839. [PMID: 31091972 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported. A crude polysaccharide was isolated from ginseng berry as a ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) and was further fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to obtain the three polysaccharide fractions GBPP-I, -II and -III. GBPP-I consisted of mainly galactose (46.9%) and arabinose (27.5%). GBPP-I showed a high dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by GBPP-I showed the greatest enhancement of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α production. In addition, an ex vivo assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity showed that oral ( p.o.) administration of GBPP-I significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity in YAC-1 tumor cells and production of granzyme B. Prophylactic intravenous ( i.v.) and p.o. administration of GBPP-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Depletion of NK cells after injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of GBPP-I on lung metastasis, indicating that NK cells play an important role in anticancer effects. GBPP-I exerts a strong immune-enhancing activity and can prevent cancer metastasis through activation of NK cells and other immune-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Lee
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woong Park
- † Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea.,‡ Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- † Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Park
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- ‡ Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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Kwak BS, Hwang D, Lee SJ, Choi HJ, Park HY, Shin KS. Rhamnogalacturonan-I-Type Polysaccharide Purified from Broccoli Exerts Anti-Metastatic Activities Via Innate Immune Cell Activation. J Med Food 2019; 22:451-459. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Shin Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam, South Korea
- The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Choi
- BKbio Co., Ltd., Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Polysaccharides fractionated from enzyme digests of Korean red ginseng water extracts enhance the immunostimulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:913-920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Dranca F, Oroian M. Extraction, purification and characterization of pectin from alternative sources with potential technological applications. Food Res Int 2018; 113:327-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Han K, Jin C, Chen H, Wang P, Yu M, Ding K. Structural characterization and anti-A549 lung cancer cells bioactivity of a polysaccharide from Houttuynia cordata. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:288-296. [PMID: 30114425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble pectic polysaccharide HCA4S1 was isolated from Houttuynia cordata and purified by DEAE Cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 column. HCA4S1 with an average molecular weight of 21.7 kDa mainly consisted of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. By using partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR spectra, the structure of this polysaccharide is found to have a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked α‑d‑GalA and 1,2,4-linked α‑l‑Rha. The latter was substituted at C-4 position by 1,4 linked, 1,6-linked β‑Galp, or Teminal linked β‑Gal. Bioactivity test showed that this polysaccharide might inhibit the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cell by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cyclinB1 was observed to be upregulated after the treatment with this polysaccharide. Collectively, these results suggest that the pectin HCA4S1 from Houttuynia cordata is of potential value in the treatment of lung cancer, though the underlying mechanisms remain to be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Peter Albersheim. Glycobiology 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Purification and structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of the Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Huang W, Deng H, Jin S, Ma X, Zha K, Xie M. The isolation, structural characterization and anti-osteosarcoma activity of a water soluble polysaccharide from Agrimonia pilosa. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 187:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Lee SJ, Lee HS, Kim SY, Shin KS. Immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activity of polysaccharides isolated from byproducts of the corn starch industry. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:911-917. [PMID: 29254053 PMCID: PMC7112432 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a major by-product of the corn steeping process that is utilized in the wet milling industry. To develop new physiologically active polysaccharides from CSL, polysaccharides were isolated and their innate immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activities were investigated. Corn byproduct polysaccharides (CBP) were preferentially isolated from CSL and further separated into supernatant (CBP1S) and precipitate (CBP1P) fractions. The anti-complementary activity of CBP1S was more potent than CBP1P and CBP. In addition, CBP1S enhanced production of macrophage-stimulating cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-12) and natural killer (NK) cell-activating substances (e.g., granzyme and interferon-γ). Further, CBP1S significantly inhibited lung metastasis at a dose of 1000μg per mouse in an experimental lung metastasis model. These results suggest that CBP1S seems to promote the inhibition of lung metastasis through a mechanism leading to stimulation of the innate immune system, and CBP1S could be used as immunostimulating agents and for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieudong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Lee
- Sandolfood, 1009-9, Seorak-ro, Sang-oan-ri, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, 25117, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, 84, Saengmyeonggwahakgwan-gil, Yeonbongri, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieudong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Kim H, Lee SJ, Shin KS. Characterization of new oligosaccharide converted from cellobiose by novel strain of Bacillus subtilis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:37-45. [PMID: 30263722 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Six bacterial strains isolated from various Korean fermented foods were cultured in cellobiose-containing medium to investigate their potential for producing new kind of oligosaccharides. After bacterial culture in a liquid medium, each culture medium was concentrated and analyzed. TLC analysis revealed that only one strain (Bacillus subtilis SS-76) produced new spot on the TLC plate, indicating that it could converts cellobiose into a new oligosaccharide. Following purification of the culture supernatant of B. subtilis SS-76, the fractions containing the oligosaccharide produced were pooled, and the concentrated fraction was analyzed for its chemical and structural characteristics. By using various analytical techniques such as sugar composition analysis, glycosidic linkage analysis, and molecular weight determination, the new oligosaccharide was identified as glucotriose connected with (1 → 4) and (1 → 3) glycosidic linkages. In addition, the result of specific enzyme catalysis suggested that the new glucotriose might contain only β-configurations in their anomeric configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- 1Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieu-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, San 94-6, Ieu-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760 Republic of Korea
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24
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Effect of arabinoxylan- and rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharides isolated from young barley leaf on intestinal immunostimulatory activity. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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25
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Shin KS. The Chemical Characteristics and Immune-Modulating Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cold-Brew Coffee. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:100-106. [PMID: 28702426 PMCID: PMC5503418 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells at 100 μg/mL than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Korea
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26
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Yang Y, Yang M, Ai F, Huang C. Cardioprotective Effect of Aloe vera Biomacromolecules Conjugated with Selenium Trace Element on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:345-352. [PMID: 27873288 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotection potential and underlying molecular mechanism afforded by a selenium (Se) polysaccharide (Se-AVP) from Aloe vera in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats in vivo. Myocardial I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 2-h continuous reperfusion. Pretreatment with Se-AVP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) attenuated myocardial damage, as evidenced by reduction of the infarct sizes, increase in serum and myocardial endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase (CAT)), and decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the rats suffering I/R injury. This cardioprotective activity afforded by Se-AVP is further supported by the decreased levels of cardiac marker enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the rise of myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in I/R rats. Additionally, cardiomyocytic apoptosis was measured by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the result showed that the percent of TUNEL-positive cells in myocardium of Se-AVP-treated groups was lower than I/R rats. In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that Se-AVP had a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in rats by augmenting endogenous antioxidants and protecting rat hearts from oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Network Medical, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Network Medical, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Fen Ai
- Emergency Department, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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27
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Ya G. A Lentinus edodes polysaccharide induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:676-682. [PMID: 28528001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (LEP1) with an average molecular weight of 53kDa was successfully purified from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes and its anticancer efficacy on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in vitro and associated possible molecular mechanism were also evaluated. MTT assay showed that LEP1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells and caused apoptotic death. Our present findings provided the first evidence that LEP1 induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells via a mitochondria dependent pathway, as indicated by an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δym), the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HeLa cells. These combined results unequivocally indicated that the involvement of mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway in LEP1-induced apoptosis and strongly provided experimental evidence for the use of LEP1 as a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Ya
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473000, China.
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28
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Lu L, Chai L, Wang W, Yuan X, Li S, Cao C. A Selenium-Enriched Ziyang Green Tea Polysaccharide Induces Bax-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Inhibits TGF-β1-Stimulated Collagen Expression in Human Keloid Fibroblasts via NG2 Inactivation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:270-277. [PMID: 27565798 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are fibroproliferative disorders characterized by the overabundant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), especially collagen and overgrowth of scar tissue in response to cutaneous injury. In this study, we isolated a selenium (Se)-containing polysaccharide (Se-ZGTP-I) from Ziyang green tea and explored its potential therapeutic effects on keloid fibroblasts formation. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays demonstrated that Se-ZGTP-I or neuron-glia 2 (NG2) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited proliferation of human keloid fibroblasts via induction of apoptosis. Besides, the activation of caspase-3 and the subsequent cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed in keloid fibroblasts following Se-ZGTP-I (200 and 400 μg/ml) or NG2 shRNA treatment. Moreover, Western blotting analysis showed that treatment of keloid fibroblasts with Se-ZGTP-I (200 and 400 μg/ml) or NG2 shRNA resulted in an increase of pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression and a decrease in expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and NG2. In addition, type I collagen biosynthesis and protein expression in keloid fibroblasts following TGF-β1 stimulation were decreased by Se-ZGTP-I (200 and 400 μg/ml) or NG2 shRNA management. Current findings imply that Se-ZGTP-I has a therapeutic potential to intervene and prevent keloid formation and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Lu
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chai
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Wang
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yuan
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Li
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Cao
- The Third Military Medical University Southwest Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Park HR, Hwang D, Suh HJ, Yu KW, Kim TY, Shin KS. Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of rhamnogalacturonan-II-type polysaccharide isolated from mature leaves of green tea via activation of macrophages and natural killer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:179-186. [PMID: 28223130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the antitumor and antimetastatic polysaccharide from the mature leaves of green tea, GTE-II was purified using size exclusion chromatography. GTE-II consisted of 15 different sugars including rarely observed sugars such as 2-O-methyl-fucose, 2-O-methyl-xylose, apiose, aceric acid, 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid, and 3-deoxy-d-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid, which were characteristics of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II. Treatment of peritoneal macrophages with GTE-II not only increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production, but also had significantly increased tumoricidal activity against Yac-1 tumor cells than those obtained from untreated mice. In an assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity, intravenous administration of GTE-II significantly stimulated NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells. Furthermore, the depletion of NK cells by injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum eliminated the inhibitory effect of GTE-II on B16BL6 melanoma cells. These data suggest that GTE-II inhibits tumor metastasis, and its antitumor effect is associated with activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | | | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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30
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Structure elucidation of an immunostimulatory arabinoxylan-type polysaccharide prepared from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Structural elucidation of anti-metastatic rhamnogalacturonan II from the pectinase digest of citrus peels (Citrus unshiu). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Lee DY, Shin MS, Shin KS. Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice. J Med Food 2016; 19:1147-1154. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Natural Constituents Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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33
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Jiang P, Yuan L, Huang G, Wang X, Li X, Jiao L, Zhang L. Structural properities and immunoenhancement of an exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus pini. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:566-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Shin MS, Lee H, Hong HD, Shin KS. Characterization of immunostimulatory pectic polysaccharide isolated from leaves of Diospyros kaki Thumb . (Persimmon). J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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Kim H, Lee H, Shin KS. Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2383-2390. [PMID: 27684966 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1217149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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Structural and immunological feature of rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide from Korean persimmon vinegar. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Extracellular Polysaccharide by Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Production and Characterization. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391158900400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide from Bradyrhizobium japonicum has been produced, purified and characterized. It is mainly composed of carbohydrates (86 ± 4.5%) and uronic acids (14 ± 1%). The relative proportions are: carbohy drates—glucose 84%, galactose 14%, mannose 2%; uronic acids—glucuronic 83%, galacturonic 10%, mannuronic 3%, arabinuronic 4%. The IR spectrum in dicates the presence of ether, ester, hydrogen bonds and a β-type bond between the monomers. DSC analysis revealed the presence of two transition peaks: the first in the temperature range 117-153 ° C due to bound water and the second at 292°C due to thermal decomposition of the polymer. Viscosity measure ments of water solutions as a function of polymer concentration in the range 0.33-1% w/w allowed the determination of the consistency coefficient and be haviour index. Taking into account the dependence on temperature, a general relation of viscosity as a function of polymer concentration, temperature and shear rate has been proposed.
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Shin KS. Isolation and Structural Characterization of an Oligosaccharide Produced by Bacillus subtilis in a Maltose-Containing Medium. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:124-31. [PMID: 27390729 PMCID: PMC4935239 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 116 bacterial strains isolated from Korean fermented foods, one strain (SS-76) was selected for producing new oligosaccharides in a basal medium containing maltose as the sole source of carbon. Upon morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy, the cells of strain SS-76 appeared rod-shaped; subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SS-76 was phylogenetically close to Bacillus subtilis. The main oligosaccharide fraction B extracted from the culture supernatant of B. subtilis SS-76 was purified by high performance liquid chromatography. Subsequent structural analysis revealed that this oligosaccharide consisted only of glucose, and methylation analysis indicated similar proportions of glucopyranosides in the 6-linkage, 4-linkage, and non-reducing terminal positions. Matrix-assisted laser-induced/ionization time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analyses suggested that this oligosaccharide consisted of a trisaccharide unit with 1,6- and 1,4-glycosidic linkages. The anomeric signals in the (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum corresponded to α-anomeric configurations, and the trisaccharide was finally identified as panose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-D-glucose). These results suggest that B. subtilis SS-76 converts maltose into panose; strain SS-76 may thus find industrial application in the production of panose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Korea
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Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huang H, Wu M, Yang H, Li X, Ren M, Li G, Ma T. Structural and physical properties of sanxan polysaccharide from Sphingomonas sanxanigenens. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:410-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shin JS, Jung JY, Lee SG, Shin KS, Rhee YK, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. Exopolysaccharide fraction from Pediococcus pentosaceus KFT18 induces immunostimulatory activity in macrophages and immunosuppressed mice. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1390-402. [PMID: 26895351 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exopolysaccharide fraction from Pediococcus pentosaceus KFT18 (PE-EPS), a lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi (a Korean fermented vegetable product), was preliminary characterized and its immunostimulating effects were analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-primed RAW 264·7 macrophages and CD3/CD28-stimulated splenocytes to determine the immunotimulatory activities of PE-EPS. Upon exposure to PE-EPS, IFN-γ-primed RAW 264·7 macrophages showed significant increases in the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Molecular data using reporter gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that PE-EPS upregulated transcriptional activity, DNA binding and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, PE-EPS enhanced anti-CD3/CD28-specific proliferation and the productions of IL-2 and IFN-γ in primary splenocytes. In cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, pretreatment with PE-EPS (5, 15 or 45 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p.o.) increased thymus and spleen indices, and improved lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION PE-EPS stimulated the IFN-γ-primed macrophages and primary splenocytes to induce immune responses and improved the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results in this study improved our understanding of immunostimulating activity of PE-EPS and supported its potential treatment option as a natural immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Shin
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Jung
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Y-K Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - M-K Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - H-D Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - K-T Lee
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim H, Suh HJ, Kwon KH, Hwang JH, Yu KW. Immunostimulation activity of a polysaccharide from fermented ginseng with Hericium erinaceum mycelia in solid-state culture. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:311-318. [PMID: 30263272 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean fresh ginseng was cultured with Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE) in solid-state culture (SSC) to enhance the immunomodulation activity. Hot-water extracts (FG-HE-HW) of H. erinaceum-fermented ginseng (FG-HE) fractionated into a crude polysaccharide (FG-HE-CP) showed higher mitogenic, macrophage stimulation, and intestinal immune system modulation activities (1.52, 1.63, and 1.35x relative to a saline control at 100 μg/mL, respectively) than the crude polysaccharide from non-fermented ginseng (NG-CP; 1.35, 1.50, and 1.18x) and H. erinaceum mycelia alone (HE-CP; 1.26, 1.46, and 1.27x). After FG-HE-CP was further fractionated on a DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column, the polysaccharide fraction (FG-HE-CP-III) exhibited larger activity increases than any subfraction from NG-CP or HE-CP. FG-HE-CP-III mainly consisted of Ara, Gal, Glc, and GalA (molar ratios of 0.45:1.00: 0.51:0.73). NaIO4 oxidation decreased the activities of FG-HE-CP-III (51.0-76.9%). The polysaccharide from H. erinaceum-fermented ginseng using SSC plays an important role for enhancement of immunomodulation activities of fresh ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- 1Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Suh
- 1Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Ki-Han Kwon
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743 Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Hwang
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909 Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909 Korea
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Park JY, Shin MS, Kim SN, Kim HY, Kim KH, Shin KS, Kang KS. Polysaccharides from Korean Citrus hallabong peels inhibit angiogenesis and breast cancer cell migration. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:522-9. [PMID: 26778161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the peel of the hallabong (Citrus sphaerocarpa) fruit is rich in polysaccharides, which are valuable dietary ingredients for human health, it is normally wasted. The present study aimed to utilize the peel waste and identify properties it may have against breast cancer metastasis. Hallabong peel extract containing crude polysaccharides was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography to produce four different polysaccharide fractions (HBE-I, -II, -III, and -IV). The HBE polysaccharides significantly blocked tube formation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), at a concentration of 12.5 or 25 μg/mL. Tube formation appeared to be more sensitive to HBE-II than to other HBE polysaccharides. HBE-II also inhibited breast cancer cell migration, through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of tube formation and MMP-9-mediated migration observed in HUVEC and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively, are likely to be important therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S N Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - K S Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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Yan B, Jing L, Wang J. A polysaccharide (PNPA) from Pleurotus nebrodensis offers cardiac protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Baik JH, Shin KS, Park Y, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Biotransformation of catechin and extraction of active polysaccharide from green tea leaves via simultaneous treatment with tannase and pectinase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2337-2344. [PMID: 25307474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea is a dietary source of bioactive compounds for human health. Enzymatic treatments induce the bioconversion of bioactive components, which can improve biological activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of simultaneous treatment with tannase and Rapidase on biotransformation of catechins and extraction of polysaccharide from green tea extract (GTE). RESULTS Tannase and pectinase treatments induced the biotransformation of catechins and altered tea polysaccharide () content. The addition of GTE to the enzyme reaction resulted in a significant increase in degallated catechins, including gallic acid, a product of the tannase reaction (314.5-4076.0 µg mL(-1)) and a reduction in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Biotransformation of catechins improved the radical scavenging activity of GTE. Pectinase treatment led to change of TPS composition in GTE by hydrolyzing polysaccharides. In addition, pectinase-driven hydrolysis in polysaccharides significantly increased TPS-induced Interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in macrophages. In particular, treatment of Rapidase (TPS-Ra) led to the highest IL-6 production among TPS samples, similar to treatment of highly purified pectinase (TPS-GTE), a positive control. CONCLUSION Simultaneous processing with tannase and Rapidase can be an efficient method for the extraction of bioactive polysaccharides and biotransformation of catechins with enhanced radical scavenging activity from green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 368-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea
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Lee SJ, Hong HD, Shin KS. Rapid Isolation Method for Preparation of Immuno-Stimulating Rhamnogalacturonans in Citrus Peels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2015.47.3.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Yang J, Yang F, Yang H, Wang G. Water-soluble polysaccharide isolated with alkali from the stem of Physalis alkekengi L.: Structural characterization and immunologic enhancement in DNA vaccine. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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A polysaccharide from the alkaline extract of Glycyrrhiza inflata induces apoptosis of human oral cancer SCC-25 cells via mitochondrial pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6781-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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49
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Jeong SC, Jeong YT, Lee SM, Kim JH. Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides extracted from brown algae Hizikia fusiforme. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1362-5. [PMID: 25744337 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1018121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Jeong
- a HK Bio, Business Incubator , Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan , Republic Korea
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50
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Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:600-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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