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Arabasadi M, Ebrahimi A, Amerian MR, Ebrahimibasabi E, Azadvari E. The amelioration of salt stress-induced damage in fenugreek through the application of cold plasma and melatonin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108382. [PMID: 38271864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is increasingly crucial to combine innovative approaches with established methods to enhance plant tolerance and maximize the production of beneficial compounds. With this aim in view, a study was carried out to investigate how different melatonin concentrations (0, 30, and 60 ppm), cold plasma treatment (at 3000 and 4000 V), and varying exposure durations (0, 1, 2, and 4 min) affect the physiological and biochemical attributes of fenugreek plants, as well as the levels of diosgenin under salinity stress. This study revealed that the application of 3000 V cold plasma for 2 min with 60 ppm melatonin by establishing cellular redox homeostasis in salinity-treated fenugreek plants, effectively prevented the destruction of pigments and reduced the electrolyte leakage index of malondialdehyde content. The utilization of these two elicitors has the potential to trigger multiple pathways, including the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants biosynthesis, and abscisic acid-dependent pathways. This activation results in an enhanced production of abscisic acid, auxin, and endogenous melatonin, along with the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Surprisingly, applying these two treatments increased the expression of SQS, CAS, SSR, BGL, SEP, SMT, and diosgenin content by 13, 22.5, 21.6, 19, 15.4, 12, and 6 times respectively. The findings highlight the intricate interplay between these treatments and the positive impact of their combined application, opening up avenues for further research and practical applications in improving plant tolerance to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Arabasadi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Amerian
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ebrahimibasabi
- Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Elham Azadvari
- Department of Horticulture Science and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Sheikhi S, Ebrahimi A, Heidari P, Amerian MR, Rashidi-Monfared S, Alipour H. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide ameliorates tolerance to high-temperature by adjusting the biosynthesis of pigments, enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and diosgenin content in fenugreek. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6661. [PMID: 37095206 PMCID: PMC10125993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress is widely considered a main plant-growth-limiting factor. The positive effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) in modulating abiotic stresses have led this hormone to be referred to as a growth regulator in plants. The current study highlights the influence of EBR on enhancing tolerance to high-temperature and altering the diosgenin content in fenugreek. Different amounts of EBR (4, 8, and 16 μM), harvesting times (6, and 24 h), as well as temperature regimes (23 °C, and 42 °C) were, used as treatments. EBR application under normal temperature and high-temperature stress resulted in decreased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage percentage, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes improved significantly. Exogenous EBR application possibly contributes to activating the nitric oxide, H2O2, and ABA-dependent pathways, enhancing the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and auxin, and regulating the signal transduction pathways, which raises fenugreek tolerance to high-temperature. The SQS (eightfold), SEP (2.8-fold), CAS (11-fold), SMT (17-fold), and SQS (sixfold) expression, considerably increased following EBR application (8 μM) compared to the control. Compared to the control, when the short-term (6 h) high-temperature stress was accompanied by EBR (8 μM), a sixfold increase in diosgenin content was achieved. Our findings highlight the potential role of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide in mitigating the high-temperature stress in fenugreek by stimulating the biosynthesis processes of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, chlorophylls, and diosgenin. In conclusion, the current results could be of utmost importance in breeding or biotechnology-based programs of fenugreek and also in the researches related to the engineering of the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin in this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Sheikhi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Mohamadi Esboei M, Ebrahimi A, Amerian MR, Alipour H. Melatonin confers fenugreek tolerance to salinity stress by stimulating the biosynthesis processes of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and diosgenin content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890613. [PMID: 36003823 PMCID: PMC9394454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced stress is widely considered a main plant-growth-limiting factor. The positive effects of melatonin in modulating abiotic stresses have led this hormone to be referred to as a growth regulator in plants. This study aims to show how melatonin protects fenugreek against the negative effects of salt stress. Different amounts of melatonin (30, 60, and 90 ppm), salinity stress (150 mM and 300 mM), and the use of both salinity and melatonin were used as treatments. The results showed that applying different melatonin levels to salinity-treated fenugreek plants effectively prevented the degradation of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents compared with salinity treatment without melatonin application. Besides, melatonin increases the biosynthesis of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, thereby adjusting the content of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content. It was observed that applying melatonin increased the activity of potassium-carrying channels leading to the maintenance of ionic homeostasis and increased intracellular water content under salinity stress. The results revealed that melatonin activates the defense signaling pathways in fenugreek through the nitric oxide, auxin, and abscisic acid-dependent pathways. Melatonin, in a similar vein, increased the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin, a highly important steroidal sapogenin in medical and food industries, and hence the diosgenin content. When 150 mM salinity stress and 60 ppm melatonin were coupled, the diosgenin concentration rose by more than 5.5 times compared to the control condition. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential of melatonin to enhance the plant tolerance to salinity stress by stimulating biochemical and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohamadi Esboei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Amin Ebrahimi,
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Puglisi I, Nicolosi E, Vanella D, Lo Piero AR, Stagno F, Saitta D, Roccuzzo G, Consoli S, Baglieri A. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Orange Trees to Different Deficit Irrigation Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E423. [PMID: 31627476 PMCID: PMC6843479 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the results of research consisting of the application of deficit irrigation (DI) criteria, combined with the adoption of micro-irrigation methods, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in Sicily (Italy) during the irrigation season of 2015. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, T3) and partial root-zone drying (PRD, T4) strategies were compared with full irrigation (T1) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, T2) treatments in terms of physiological, biochemical, and productive crop response. A geophysical survey (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT) was carried out to identify a link between the percentages of drying soil volume in T4 with leaves abscisic acid (ABA) signal. Results highlight that the orange trees physiological response to water stress conditions did not show particular differences among the different irrigation treatments, not inducing detrimental effects on crop production features. ABA levels in leaves were rather constant in all the treatments, except in T4 during late irrigation season. ERT technique identified that prolonged drying cycles during alternate PRD exposed more roots to severe soil drying, thus increasing leaf ABA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Nicolosi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniela Vanella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorella Stagno
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniela Saitta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Roccuzzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Simona Consoli
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
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Cabot C, Poschenrieder C, Barceló J. A Rapid Method for Extraction and Estimation of Abscisic Acid from Plant Tissue Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918608074164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Michler CH, Lineberger RD, Chism GW. A highly sensitive method for quantitative determination of abscisic Acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1986; 82:600-3. [PMID: 16665076 PMCID: PMC1056167 DOI: 10.1104/pp.82.2.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An abscisic acid derivative was formed by reaction with pentafluorobenzyl bromide which allowed highly sensitive detection by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. In comparison to the methyl ester derivative, the pentafluorobenzyl derivative of abscisic acid was four times more sensitive to electron capture detection and was stable at room temperature in the presence of ultraviolet light. Derivatization was rapid and the molecular weight of the new compound was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Michler
- Department of Horticulture, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Anderson JM. Fluorescent hydrazides for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of biological carbonyls. Anal Biochem 1986; 152:146-53. [PMID: 2937341 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the determination of carbonyl compounds of biological origin by high-performance liquid chromatography were improved by the use of new fluorescent derivatizing agents. Eight fluorescent hydrazides were either synthesized or obtained commercially and compared to dansyl hydrazine (1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonylohydrazide). Four of the compounds yielded carbonyl hydrazones with a higher relative fluorescence quantum yield than dansyl hydrazine in acetonitrile:water mixtures. Darpsyl hydrazide [(3-phenylpyrazoline-1-yl)-4-phenylsulfonylohydrazide] and apmayl hydrazide [N-(2-aminophenyl-6-methylbenzthiazole)-acetylohydrazide] both yielded an increase of greater than 20-fold in sensitivity over dansyl hydrazine in determinations of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid from plant tissues. Different hydrazides and derivatizing conditions were found to be optimum for the determination of different carbonyl compounds. Also, a simple method for precolumn purification of the hydrazones of acidic carbonyls was developed to remove contaminants arising during derivatization and from the tissue source.
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Stewart CR, Voetberg G. Relationship between Stress-Induced ABA and Proline Accumulations and ABA-Induced Proline Accumulation in Excised Barley Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985; 79:24-7. [PMID: 16664378 PMCID: PMC1074823 DOI: 10.1104/pp.79.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
When excised second leaves from 2-week-old barley (Hordeum vulgare var Larker) plants were incubated in a wilted condition, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased to 0.6 nanomole per gram fresh weight at 4 hours then declined to about 0.3 nanomole per gram fresh weight and remained at that level until rehydrated. Proline levels began to increase at about 4 hours and continued to increase as long as the ABA levels were 0.3 nanomole per gram fresh weight or greater. Upon rehydration, proline levels declined when the ABA levels fell below 0.3 nanomole per gram fresh weight.Proline accumulation was induced in turgid barley leaves by ABA addition. When the amount of ABA added to leaves was varied, it was observed that a level of 0.3 nanomole ABA per gram fresh weight for a period of about 2 hours was required before proline accumulation was induced. However, the rate of proline accumulation was slower in ABA-treated leaves than in wilted leaves at comparable ABA levels. Thus, the threshold level of ABA for proline accumulation appeared to be similar for wilted leaves where ABA increased endogenously and for turgid leaves where ABA was added exogenously. However, the rate of proline accumulation was more dependent on ABA levels in turgid leaves to which ABA was added exogenously than in wilted leaves.Salt-induced proline accumulation was not preceded by increases in ABA levels comparable to those observed in wilted leaves. Levels of less than 0.2 nanomole ABA per gram fresh weight were measured 1 hour after exposure to salt and they declined rapidly to the control level by 3 hours. Proline accumulation commenced at about 9 hours. Thus, ABA accumulation did not appear to be involved in salt-induced proline accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Stewart
- Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Anderson JM. Simultaneous determination of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid in plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Dumbroff E, Walker M, Dumbroff P. Choice of methods for the determination of abscisic acid in plant tissue. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Chapter 13 Terpenoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Taylor IB, Rossall S. The genetic relationship between the tomato mutants, flacca and lateral suppressor, with reference to abscisic acid accumulation. PLANTA 1982; 154:1-5. [PMID: 24275910 DOI: 10.1007/bf00385489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1980] [Accepted: 09/14/1981] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two tomato mutants, Lycopersicon esculentum flacca and lateral suppressor, are assigned to map position 59 of chromosome 7. The tight linkage between these two gene loci was detected as a result of attempts to establish whether they would exhibit phenotypic interaction. The possibility that both mutants result in abnormalities of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation is considered. ABA analysis supports the suggestion that plants homozygous for flacca have a substantially lower concentration but indicates that lateral suppressor homozygotes do not differ from normal in ABA content. An attempt is made to reconcile the results with those of Tucker (1976, New. Phytol. 77, 561-568) by suggesting that lateral suppressor plants may accumulate high levels of an ABA metabolite which is indistinguishable from ABA using the Commelina epidermal strip bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Loughborough, UK
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