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Zahed M, Bączek-Kwinta R. The Impact of Post-Fire Smoke on Plant Communities: A Global Approach. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3835. [PMID: 38005732 PMCID: PMC10674613 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Smoke is one of the fire-related cues that can alter vegetation communities' compositions, by promoting or excluding different plant species. For over 30 years, smoke-derived compounds have been a hot topic in plant and crop physiology. Research in this field was initiated in fire-prone areas in Australia, South Africa and some countries of both Americas, mostly with Mediterranean-type climates. Then, research extended to regions with moderate climates, like Central European countries; this was sometimes determined by the fact that in those regions, extensive prescribed or illegal burning (swailing) occurs. Hence, this review updates information about the effects of smoke compounds on plant kingdoms in different regions. It also focuses on research advances in the field of the physiological effects of smoke chemicals, mostly karrikins, and attempts to gather and summarize the current state of research and opinions on the roles of such compounds in plants' lives. We finish our review by discussing major research gaps, which include issues such as why plants that occur in non-fire-prone areas respond to smoke chemicals. Have recent climate change and human activities increased the risk of wildfires, and how may these affect local plant communities through physiologically active smoke compounds? Is the response of seeds to smoke and smoke compounds an evolutionarily driven trait that allows plants to adapt to the environment? What can we learn by examining post-fire smoke on a large scale?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Zahed
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in Gorgan, Basij Square, Pardis No. 2, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
| | - Renata Bączek-Kwinta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Podłuzna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Xu FL, Hu PM, Wan X, Harrison MT, Liu K, Xiong QX. Crop sensitivity to waterlogging mediated by soil temperature and growth stage. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1262001. [PMID: 37965002 PMCID: PMC10642075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging constrains crop yields in many regions around the world. Despite this, key drivers of crop sensitivity to waterlogging have received little attention. Here, we compare the ability of the SWAGMAN Destiny and CERES models in simulating soil aeration index, a variable contemporaneously used to compute three distinct waterlogging indices, denoted hereafter as WI Destiny, WIASD1, and WIASD2. We then account for effects of crop growth stage and soil temperature on waterlogging impact by introducing waterlogging severity indices, WI Growth, which accommodates growth stage tolerance, and WI Plus, which accounts for both soil temperature and growth stage. We evaluate these indices using data collected in pot experiments with genotypes "Yang mai 11" and "Zheng mai 7698" that were exposed to both single and double waterlogging events. We found that WI Plus exhibited the highest correlation with yield (-0.82 to -0.86) suggesting that waterlogging indices which integrate effects of temperature and growth stage may improve projections of yield penalty elicited by waterlogging. Importantly, WI Plus not only allows insight into physiological determinants, but also lends itself to remote computation through satellite imagery. As such, this index holds promise in scalable monitoring and forecasting of crop waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Xu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Pei-Min Hu
- Meteorological Service Center, Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Qin-Xue Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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3
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Shokat S, Novák O, Široká J, Singh S, Gill KS, Roitsch T, Großkinsky DK, Liu F. Elevated CO2 modulates the effect of heat stress responses in Triticum aestivum by differential expression of isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) gene. J Exp Bot 2021:erab247. [PMID: 34050754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two wheat genotypes forming high and low biomass (HB and LB), exhibiting differential expression of an isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) gene, and resulting in contrasting grain yield under heat stress field conditions, were analyzed in detail for their responses under controlled heat and elevated CO2 conditions. Significant differences in IRL expression between the two lines were hypothesized to be the basis of their differential performance under the tested conditions and their stress tolerance potential. By a holistic approach integrating advanced cell physiological phenotyping of the antioxidative and phytohormone system in spikes and leaves with measurements of ecophysiological and agronomic traits, the genetic differences of the genotypes in IRL expression were assessed. In response to heat and elevated CO2, the two genotypes showed opposite regulation of IRL expression, which was associated with cytokinin concentration, total flavonoid contents, activity of superoxide dismutase, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic rate in leaves and cytokinin concentration and ascorbate peroxidase activity in spikes. Our study showed that IRL expression is associated with wheat yield performance under heat stress at anthesis, mediated by diverse physiological mechanisms. Hence, based on our results, the IRL gene is a promising candidate for developing genetic markers for breeding heat-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Shokat
- Crop science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
- Wheat Breeding Group, Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kulvinder Singh Gill
- Geneshifters, Mary Jena Lane, Pullman WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Crop science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik K Großkinsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße, Tulln, Austria
| | - Fulai Liu
- Crop science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
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Reddy KR, Bheemanahalli R, Saha S, Singh K, Lokhande SB, Gajanayake B, Read JJ, Jenkins JN, Raska DA, Santiago LMD, Hulse-Kemp AM, Vaughn RN, Stelly DM. High-Temperature and Drought-Resilience Traits among Interspecific Chromosome Substitution Lines for Genetic Improvement of Upland Cotton. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9121747. [PMID: 33321878 PMCID: PMC7763690 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development during the pre-and post-flowering stages are susceptible to high temperature and drought. We report the field-based characterization of multiple morpho-physiological and reproductive stress resilience traits in 11 interspecific chromosome substitution (CS) lines isogenic to each other and the inbred G. hirsutum line TM-1. Significant genetic variability was detected (p < 0.001) in multiple traits in CS lines carrying chromosomes and chromosome segments from CS-B (G. barbadense) and CS-T (G. tomentosum). Line CS-T15sh had a positive effect on photosynthesis (13%), stomatal conductance (33%), and transpiration (24%), and a canopy 6.8 °C cooler than TM-1. The average pollen germination was approximately 8% greater among the CS-B than CS-T lines. Based on the stress response index, three CS lines are identified as heat- and drought-tolerant (CS-T07, CS-B15sh, and CS-B18). The three lines demonstrated enhanced photosynthesis (14%), stomatal conductance (29%), transpiration (13%), and pollen germination (23.6%) compared to TM-1 under field conditions, i.e., traits that would expectedly enhance performance in stressful environments. The generated phenotypic data and stress-tolerance indices on novel CS lines, along with phenotypic methods, would help in developing new cultivars with improved resilience to the effects of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambham Raja Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Sukumar Saha
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Kulvir Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Suresh B. Lokhande
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Bandara Gajanayake
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - John J. Read
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Johnie N. Jenkins
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Dwaine A. Raska
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Luis M. De Santiago
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
- USDA-ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert N. Vaughn
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - David M. Stelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
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Demirel U, Morris WL, Ducreux LJM, Yavuz C, Asim A, Tindas I, Campbell R, Morris JA, Verrall SR, Hedley PE, Gokce ZNO, Caliskan S, Aksoy E, Caliskan ME, Taylor MA, Hancock RD. Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Single and Combined Abiotic Stress in Stress-Tolerant and Stress-Sensitive Potato Genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32184796 PMCID: PMC7058966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato production is often constrained by abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures which are often present in combination. In the present work, we aimed to identify key mechanisms and processes underlying single and combined abiotic stress tolerance by comparative analysis of tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Physiological data indicated that the cultivars Desiree and Unica were stress tolerant while Agria and Russett Burbank were stress susceptible. Abiotic stress caused a greater reduction of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the susceptible cultivars which was associated with a lower leaf transpiration rate. Oxidative stress, as estimated by the accumulation of malondialdehyde was not induced by stress treatments in any of the genotypes with the exception of drought stress in Russett Burbank. Stress treatment resulted in increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity in all cultivars except Agria which increased catalase activity in response to stress. Transcript profiling highlighted a decrease in the abundance of transcripts encoding proteins associated with PSII light harvesting complex in stress tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, stress tolerant cultivars accumulated fewer transcripts encoding a type-1 metacaspase implicated in programmed cell death. Stress tolerant cultivars exhibited stronger expression of genes associated with plant growth and development, hormone metabolism and primary and secondary metabolism than stress susceptible cultivars. Metabolite profiling revealed accumulation of proline in all genotypes following drought stress that was partially suppressed in combined heat and drought. On the contrary, the sugar alcohols inositol and mannitol were strongly accumulated under heat and combined heat and drought stress while galactinol was most strongly accumulated under drought. Combined heat and drought also resulted in the accumulation of Valine, isoleucine, and lysine in all genotypes. These data indicate that single and multiple abiotic stress tolerance in potato is associated with a maintenance of CO2 assimilation and protection of PSII by a reduction of light harvesting capacity. The data further suggests that stress tolerant cultivars suppress cell death and maintain growth and development via fine tuning of hormone signaling, and primary and secondary metabolism. This study highlights potential targets for the development of stress tolerant potato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Demirel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Wayne L. Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caner Yavuz
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Arslan Asim
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Tindas
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Raymond Campbell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A. Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan R. Verrall
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zahide N. O. Gokce
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Caliskan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Emre Aksoy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet E. Caliskan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mark A. Taylor
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Robert D. Hancock,
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Puglisi I, Nicolosi E, Vanella D, Lo Piero AR, Stagno F, Saitta D, Roccuzzo G, Consoli S, Baglieri A. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Orange Trees to Different Deficit Irrigation Regimes. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E423. [PMID: 31627476 PMCID: PMC6843479 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the results of research consisting of the application of deficit irrigation (DI) criteria, combined with the adoption of micro-irrigation methods, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in Sicily (Italy) during the irrigation season of 2015. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, T3) and partial root-zone drying (PRD, T4) strategies were compared with full irrigation (T1) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, T2) treatments in terms of physiological, biochemical, and productive crop response. A geophysical survey (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT) was carried out to identify a link between the percentages of drying soil volume in T4 with leaves abscisic acid (ABA) signal. Results highlight that the orange trees physiological response to water stress conditions did not show particular differences among the different irrigation treatments, not inducing detrimental effects on crop production features. ABA levels in leaves were rather constant in all the treatments, except in T4 during late irrigation season. ERT technique identified that prolonged drying cycles during alternate PRD exposed more roots to severe soil drying, thus increasing leaf ABA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Nicolosi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniela Vanella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorella Stagno
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniela Saitta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Roccuzzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Simona Consoli
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
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Furbank RT, Jimenez-Berni JA, George-Jaeggli B, Potgieter AB, Deery DM. Field crop phenomics: enabling breeding for radiation use efficiency and biomass in cereal crops. New Phytol 2019; 223:1714-1727. [PMID: 30937909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotyping forms the core of crop breeding, allowing breeders to build on physiological traits and mechanistic science to inform their selection of material for crossing and genetic gain. Recent rapid progress in high-throughput techniques based on machine vision, robotics, and computing (plant phenomics) enables crop physiologists and breeders to quantitatively measure complex and previously intractable traits. By combining these techniques with affordable genomic sequencing and genotyping, machine learning, and genome selection approaches, breeders have an opportunity to make rapid genetic progress. This review focuses on how field-based plant phenomics can enable next-generation physiological breeding in cereal crops for traits related to radiation use efficiency, photosynthesis, and crop biomass. These traits have previously been regarded as difficult and laborious to measure but have recently become a focus as cereal breeders find genetic progress from 'Green Revolution' traits such as harvest index become exhausted. Application of LiDAR, thermal imaging, leaf and canopy spectral reflectance, Chl fluorescence, and machine learning are discussed using wheat and sorghum phenotyping as case studies. A vision of how crop genomics and high-throughput phenotyping could enable the next generation of crop research and breeding is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Jose A Jimenez-Berni
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), CSIC, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Barbara George-Jaeggli
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Crop Science, The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Station, Warwick, 4370, QLD, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, 4370, QLD, Australia
| | - Andries B Potgieter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Crop Science, The University of Queensland, Tor Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | - David M Deery
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
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8
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Buckley CR, Caine RS, Gray JE. Pores for Thought: Can Genetic Manipulation of Stomatal Density Protect Future Rice Yields? Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1783. [PMID: 32117345 PMCID: PMC7026486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contributes to the diets of around 3.5 billion people every day and is consumed more than any other plant. Alarmingly, climate predictions suggest that the frequency of severe drought and high-temperature events will increase, and this is set to threaten the global rice supply. In this review, we consider whether water or heat stresses in crops - especially rice - could be mitigated through alterations to stomata; minute pores on the plant epidermis that permit carbon acquisition and regulate water loss. In the short-term, water loss is controlled via alterations to the degree of stomatal "openness", or, in the longer-term, by altering the number (or density) of stomata that form. A range of molecular components contribute to the regulation of stomatal density, including transcription factors, plasma membrane-associated proteins and intercellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Much of our existing knowledge relating to stomatal development comes from research conducted on the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. However, due to the importance of cereal crops to global food supply, studies on grass stomata have expanded in recent years, with molecular-level discoveries underscoring several divergent developmental and morphological features. Cultivation of rice is particularly water-intensive, and there is interest in developing varieties that require less water yet still maintain grain yields. This could be achieved by manipulating stomatal development; a crop with fewer stomata might be more conservative in its water use and therefore more capable of surviving periods of water stress. However, decreasing stomatal density might restrict the rate of CO2 uptake and reduce the extent of evaporative cooling, potentially leading to detrimental effects on yields. Thus, the extent to which crop yields in the future climate will be affected by increasing or decreasing stomatal density should be determined. Here, our current understanding of the regulation of stomatal development is summarised, focusing particularly on the genetic mechanisms that have recently been described for rice and other grasses. Application of this knowledge toward the creation of "climate-ready" rice is discussed, with attention drawn to the lesser-studied molecular elements whose contributions to the complexity of grass stomatal development must be understood to advance efforts.
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9
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Wang H, Qian X, Zhang L, Xu S, Li H, Xia X, Dai L, Xu L, Yu J, Liu X. A Method of High Throughput Monitoring Crop Physiology Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multispectral Imaging. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 29643864 PMCID: PMC5883069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a high throughput crop physiology condition monitoring system and corresponding monitoring method. The monitoring system can perform large-area chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and multispectral imaging. The monitoring method can determine the crop current condition continuously and non-destructively. We choose chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and relative reflectance of multispectral as the indicators of crop physiological status. Using tomato as experiment subject, the typical crop physiological stress, such as drought, nutrition deficiency and plant disease can be distinguished by the monitoring method. Furthermore, we have studied the correlation between the physiological indicators and the degree of stress. Besides realizing the continuous monitoring of crop physiology, the monitoring system and method provide the possibility of machine automatic diagnosis of the plant physiology. Highlights: A newly designed high throughput crop physiology monitoring system and the corresponding monitoring method are described in this study. Different types of stress can induce distinct fluorescence and spectral characteristics, which can be used to evaluate the physiological status of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sailong Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liankui Dai
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Rapaport T, Hochberg U, Cochavi A, Karnieli A, Rachmilevitch S. The potential of the spectral 'water balance index' (WABI) for crop irrigation scheduling. New Phytol 2017; 216:741-757. [PMID: 28795772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral sensing can detect slight changes in plant physiology, and may offer a faster and nondestructive alternative for water status monitoring. This premise was tested in the current study using a narrow-band 'water balance index' (WABI), which is based on independent changes in leaf water content (1500 nm) and the efficiency of the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) photo-protective mechanism (531 nm). The hydraulic, photo-protective and spectral behaviors of five important crops - grapevine, corn, tomato, pea and sunflower - were evaluated under water deficit conditions in order to associate the differences in stress physiology with WABI suitability. Rapid alterations in both leaf water content and NPQ were observed in grapevine, pea and sunflower, and were effectively captured by WABI. Apart from water status monitoring, the index was also successful in scheduling the irrigation of a vineyard, despite phenological and environmental variability. Conversely, corn and tomato displayed a relatively strict stomatal regime and/or mild NPQ responses and were, thus, unsuitable for WABI-based monitoring. WABI shows great potential for irrigation scheduling of various crops, and has a clear advantage over spectral models that focus on either of the abovementioned physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Rapaport
- The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Uri Hochberg
- The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Amnon Cochavi
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Arnon Karnieli
- The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
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Gonzalez E, Brereton NJB, Marleau J, Guidi Nissim W, Labrecque M, Pitre FE, Joly S. Meta-transcriptomics indicates biotic cross-tolerance in willow trees cultivated on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:246. [PMID: 26459343 PMCID: PMC4603587 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) pollution can be hazardous to human health and leave soils incapable of supporting agricultural crops. A cheap solution, which can help restore biodiversity and bring land back to productivity, is cultivation of high biomass yielding willow trees. However, the genetic mechanisms which allow these fast-growing trees to tolerate PHCs are as yet unclear. METHODS Salix purpurea 'Fish Creek' trees were pot-grown in soil from a former petroleum refinery, either lacking or enriched with C10-C50 PHCs. De novo assembled transcriptomes were compared between tree organs and impartially annotated without a priori constraint to any organism. RESULTS Over 45% of differentially expressed genes originated from foreign organisms, the majority from the two-spotted spidermite, Tetranychus urticae. Over 99% of T. urticae transcripts were differentially expressed with greater abundance in non-contaminated trees. Plant transcripts involved in the polypropanoid pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), had greater expression in contaminated trees whereas most resistance genes showed higher expression in non-contaminated trees. CONCLUSIONS The impartial approach to annotation of the de novo transcriptomes, allowing for the possibility for multiple species identification, was essential for interpretation of the crop's response treatment. The meta-transcriptomic pattern of expression suggests a cross-tolerance mechanism whereby abiotic stress resistance systems provide improved biotic resistance. These findings highlight a valuable but complex biotic and abiotic stress response to real-world, multidimensional contamination which could, in part, help explain why crops such as willow can produce uniquely high biomass yields on challenging marginal land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Julie Marleau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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García-Flores M, Juárez-Colunga S, García-Casarrubias A, Trachsel S, Winkler R, Tiessen A. Metabolic profiling of plant extracts using direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry allows for high-throughput phenotypic characterization according to genetic and environmental effects. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:1042-52. [PMID: 25588121 DOI: 10.1021/jf504853w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to the exponential increase of genotyping methods, phenotyping strategies are lagging behind in agricultural sciences. Genetic improvement depends upon the abundance of quantitative phenotypic data and the statistical partitioning of variance into environmental, genetic, and random effects. A metabolic phenotyping strategy was adapted to increase sample throughput while saving reagents, reducing cost, and simplifying data analysis. The chemical profiles of stem extracts from maize plants grown under low nitrogen (LN) or control trial (CT) were analyzed using optimized protocols for direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DIESI-MS). Specific ions significantly decreased or increased because of environmental (LN versus CT) or genotypic effects. Biochemical profiling with DIESI-MS had a superior cost-benefit compared to other standard analytical technologies (e.g., ultraviolet, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection) routinely used for plant breeding. The method can be successfully applied in maize, strawberry, coffee, and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín García-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Unidad Irapuato , Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Abstract
Globally, agriculture accounts for 80-90% of all freshwater used by humans, and most of that is in crop production. In many areas, this water use is unsustainable; water supplies are also under pressure from other users and are being affected by climate change. Much effort is being made to reduce water use by crops and produce 'more crop per drop'. This paper examines water use by crops, taking particularly a physiological viewpoint, examining the underlying relationships between carbon uptake, growth and water loss. Key examples of recent progress in both assessing and improving crop water productivity are described. It is clear that improvements in both agronomic and physiological understanding have led to recent increases in water productivity in some crops. We believe that there is substantial potential for further improvements owing to the progress in understanding the physiological responses of plants to water supply, and there is considerable promise within the latest molecular genetic approaches, if linked to the appropriate environmental physiology. We conclude that the interactions between plant and environment require a team approach looking across the disciplines from genes to plants to crops in their particular environments to deliver improved water productivity and contribute to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I L Morison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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