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Jiu X, Chen H, Du T, Jia X, Liu D, Meng J, Xu X. Dormancy release of seeds of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle accompanied by changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294673. [PMID: 37972141 PMCID: PMC10653421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an alpine medicinal plant of considerable importance, and its seed dormancy severely inhibits population renewal. Although cold stratification can break dormancy to a certain extent, the migration and accumulation of phytochemicals and inorganic elements in the seeds during dormancy release and their functions remain unclear. Changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements in different seed parts were analyzed during dormancy. The key differential phytochemicals and inorganic elements were screened and their association with dormancy release and their roles in dormancy release were explored. The results showed that dormancy release may have occurred following the decrease in palmitic acid and linoleic acid content in the seeds and the increase in 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4 (h)-pyran-4-one content in the endosperm. Meanwhile, 6-propyltridecane and hexadecane in the seed coat may enhance the water permeability of seeds to speed up germination. Mg may migrate from the seed coat to the endosperm and seed embryos, whereas Co may migrate from the seed embryo to the seed coat. Ca, Mn, Mg, and Co are involved in various physiological metabolic processes, which may facilitate the dormancy release of P. hexandrum seeds. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of dormancy release in P. hexandrum seeds and can serve as a reference for the development of more effective dormancy-breaking techniques for the conservation of this endangered medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Jiu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiWei Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - JinJin Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiaoJuan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Ma Z, Bykova NV, Igamberdiev AU. Cell signaling mechanisms and metabolic regulation of germination and dormancy in barley seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cechová M, Válková M, Hradilová I, Janská A, Soukup A, Smýkal P, Bednář P. Towards Better Understanding of Pea Seed Dormancy Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2196. [PMID: 29065445 PMCID: PMC5666877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed coats of six pea genotypes contrasting in dormancy were studied by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis discriminated dormant and non-dormant seeds in mature dry state. Separation between dormant and non-dormant types was observed despite important markers of particular dormant genotypes differ from each other. Normalized signals of long-chain hydroxylated fatty acids (HLFA) in dormant JI64 genotype seed coats were significantly higher than in other genotypes. These compounds seem to be important markers likely influencing JI64 seed imbibition and germination. HLFA importance was supported by study of recombinant inbred lines (JI64xJI92) contrasting in dormancy but similar in other seed properties. Furthemore HLFA distribution in seed coat was studied by mass spectrometry imaging. HLFA contents in strophiole and hilum are significantly lower compared to other parts indicating their role in water uptake. Results from LDI-MS experiments are useful in understanding (physical) dormancy (first phases of germination) mechanism and properties related to food processing technologies (e.g., seed treatment by cooking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cechová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Válková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Hradilová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Janská
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bednář
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Subramaniam G, Trusov Y, Lopez-Encina C, Hayashi S, Batley J, Botella JR. Type B Heterotrimeric G Protein γ-Subunit Regulates Auxin and ABA Signaling in Tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1117-34. [PMID: 26668332 PMCID: PMC4734580 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of α, β, and γ subunits are central signal transducers mediating the cellular response to multiple stimuli in most eukaryotes. Gγ subunits provide proper cellular localization and functional specificity to the heterotrimer complex. Plant Gγ subunits, divided into three structurally distinct types, are more diverse than their animal counterparts. Type B Gγ subunits, lacking a carboxyl-terminal isoprenylation motif, are found only in flowering plants. We present the functional characterization of type B Gγ subunit (SlGGB1) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We show that SlGGB1 is the most abundant Gγ subunit in tomato and strongly interacts with the Gβ subunit. Importantly, the green fluorescent protein-SlGGB1 fusion protein as well as the carboxyl-terminal yellow fluorescent protein-SlGGB1/amino-terminal yellow fluorescent protein-Gβ heterodimer were localized in the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. RNA interference-mediated silencing of SlGGB1 resulted in smaller seeds, higher number of lateral roots, and pointy fruits. The silenced lines were hypersensitive to exogenous auxin, while levels of endogenous auxins were lower or similar to those of the wild type. SlGGB1-silenced plants also showed strong hyposensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination but not in other related assays. Transcriptome analysis of the transgenic seeds revealed abnormal expression of genes involved in ABA sensing, signaling, and response. We conclude that the type B Gγ subunit SlGGB1 mediates auxin and ABA signaling in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathery Subramaniam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
| | - Carlos Lopez-Encina
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
| | - Satomi Hayashi
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory (G.S., Y.T., J.R.B.) and Centre for Integrative Legume Research (S.H., J.B.), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; andInstituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Malaga, Experimental Station La Mayora, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (C.L.-E.)
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Gallardo K, Job C, Groot SPC, Puype M, Demol H, Vandekerckhove J, Job D. Proteomics of Arabidopsis seed germination. A comparative study of wild-type and gibberellin-deficient seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:823-37. [PMID: 12068122 PMCID: PMC161704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2002] [Revised: 02/13/2002] [Accepted: 03/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of Arabidopsis seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient ga1 mutant, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds incubated in paclobutrazol, a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component alpha-2,4 tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the ga1 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast, GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This is the case for two isoforms of S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and ATP. Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a beta-glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gallardo
- Laboratoire Mixte Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Aventis, Aventis CropScience, B.P. 9163 F69263 Lyon cedex 09, France
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Debeaujon I, Koornneef M. Gibberellin requirement for Arabidopsis seed germination is determined both by testa characteristics and embryonic abscisic acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 122:415-24. [PMID: 10677434 PMCID: PMC58878 DOI: 10.1104/pp.122.2.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1999] [Accepted: 10/14/1999] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms imposing a gibberellin (GA) requirement to promote the germination of dormant and non-dormant Arabidopsis seeds were analyzed using the GA-deficient mutant ga1, several seed coat pigmentation and structure mutants, and the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant aba1. Testa mutants, which exhibit reduced seed dormancy, were not resistant to GA biosynthesis inhibitors such as tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol, contrarily to what was found before for other non-dormant mutants in Arabidopsis. However, testa mutants were more sensitive to exogenous GAs than the wild-types in the presence of the inhibitors or when transferred to a GA-deficient background. The germination capacity of the ga1-1 mutant could be integrally restored, without the help of exogenous GAs, by removing the envelopes or by transferring the mutation to a tt background (tt4 and ttg1). The double mutants still required light and chilling for dormancy breaking, which may indicate that both agents can have an effect independently of GA biosynthesis. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon was partially efficient in releasing the dormancy of wild-type and mutant seeds. These results suggest that GAs are required to overcome the germination constraints imposed both by the seed coat and ABA-related embryo dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Debeaujon
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hedden P. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT HORMONES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Trewavas AJ. Timing and memory processes in seed embryo dormancy - a conceptual paradigm for plant development questions. Bioessays 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.950060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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