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Díez AR, Duque P, Henriques R. Assessing Abscisic Acid-Mediated Changes in Stomatal Aperture Through High-Quality Leaf Impressions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:217-227. [PMID: 35467210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in highly dynamic surroundings and need to cope with constant environmental challenges. In order to do so, they developed quick reactions to stress that allow them to gain time while mounting a major response. This first line of defense includes the stomata, leaf epidermal pores in charge of regulating water loss and photosynthesis. Stomatal movements are controlled by the stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which induces fast closure of the stomata upon perception of stress conditions. By modulating plasma membrane ion channels, ABA leads to loss of water from the guard cells surrounding the stomatal pore and a consequent reduction of its aperture. Here, we provide a microscopy-based method to assess the plant's response to ABA through measurements of the stomatal aperture. This protocol describes a simple, quick, and unexpensive method to prepare high-quality impressions of leaves from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings from long-lasting silicone-based casts, allowing detailed imaging and accurate determination of the aperture of stomatal pores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Duque
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rossana Henriques
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Romero-Rodríguez MC, Archidona-Yuste A, Abril N, Gil-Serrano AM, Meijón M, Jorrín-Novo JV. Germination and Early Seedling Development in Quercus ilex Recalcitrant and Non-dormant Seeds: Targeted Transcriptional, Hormonal, and Sugar Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1508. [PMID: 30405659 PMCID: PMC6204751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling development have been studied in the recalcitrant species Quercus ilex using targeted transcriptional, hormonal, and sugar analysis. Embryos and seedlings were collected at eight morphologically defined developmental stages, S0-S7. A typical triphasic water uptake curve was observed throughout development, accompanied by a decrease in sucrose and an increase in glucose and fructose. Low levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and high levels of gibberellins (GAs) were observed in mature seeds. Post-germination, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), increased, whereas GA remained high, a pattern commonly observed during growth and development. The abundance of transcripts from ABA-related genes was positively correlated with the changes in the content of the phytohormone. Transcripts of the drought-related genes Dhn3 and GolS were more abundant at S0, then decreased in parallel with increasing water content. Transcripts for Gapdh, and Nadh6 were abundant at S0, supporting the occurrence of an active metabolism in recalcitrant seeds at the time of shedding. The importance of ROS during germination is manifest in the high transcript levels for Sod and Gst, found in mature seeds. The results presented herein help distinguish recalcitrant (e.g., Q. ilex) seeds from their orthodox counterparts. Our results indicate that recalcitrance is established during seed development but not manifest until germination (S1-S3). Post-germination the patterns are quite similar for both orthodox and recalcitrant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Archidona-Yuste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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