1
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Li X, Zheng J, Su J, Wang L, Luan L, Wang T, Bai F, Zhong Q, Gong Q. Myotubularin 2 interacts with SEC23A and negatively regulates autophagy at ER exit sites in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39177202 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2394302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Starvation- or stress-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P/PI3P) production at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomains organizes phagophore assembly and autophagosome formation. Coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles budding from ER exit site (ERES) also contribute to autophagosome formation. Whether any PtdIns3P phosphatase functions at ERES to inhibit macroautophagy/autophagy is unknown. Here we report Myotubularin 2 (MTM2) of Arabidopsis as a PtdIns3P phosphatase that localizes to ERES and negatively regulates autophagy. MTM2 binds PtdIns3P with its PH-GRAM domain in vitro and acts toward PtdIns3P in vivo. Transiently expressed MTM2 colocalizes with ATG14b, a subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex, and overexpression of MTM2 blocks autophagic flux and causes over-accumulation of ATG18a, ATG5, and ATG8a. The mtm2 mutant has higher levels of autophagy and is more tolerant to starvation, whereas MTM2 overexpression leads to reduced autophagy and sensitivity to starvation. The phenotypes of mtm2 are suppressed by ATG2 mutation, suggesting that MTM2 acts upstream of ATG2. Importantly, MTM2 does not affect the endosomal functions of PtdIns3P. Instead, MTM2 specifically colocalizes with COPII coat proteins and is cradled by the ERES-defining protein SEC16. MTM2 interacts with SEC23A with its phosphatase domain and inhibits COPII-mediated protein secretion. Finally, a role for MTM2 in salt stress response is uncovered. mtm2 resembles the halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea in its efficient vacuolar compartmentation of Na+, maintenance of chloroplast integrity, and timely regulation of autophagy-related genes. Our findings reveal a balance between PtdIns3P synthesis and turnover in autophagosome formation, and provide a new link between autophagy and COPII function.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BFA: brefeldin A; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CHX: cycloheximide; ConA: concanamycin A; COPII: coat protein complex II; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERES: ER exit site; MS: Murashige and Skoog; MTM: myotubularin; MVB: multivesicular body; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PI: phosphoinositide; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Luan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Chung KP, Frieboese D, Waltz F, Engel BD, Bock R. Identification and characterization of the COPII vesicle-forming GTPase Sar1 in Chlamydomonas. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e614. [PMID: 38887666 PMCID: PMC11180857 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized, requiring elaborate transport mechanisms to facilitate the movement of proteins between membrane-bound compartments. Most proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported to the Golgi apparatus through COPII-mediated vesicular trafficking. Sar1, a small GTPase that facilitates the formation of COPII vesicles, plays a critical role in the early steps of this protein secretory pathway. Sar1 was characterized in yeast, animals and plants, but no Sar1 homolog has been identified and functionally analyzed in algae. Here we identified a putative Sar1 homolog (CrSar1) in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through amino acid sequence similarity. We employed site-directed mutagenesis to generate a dominant-negative mutant of CrSar1 (CrSar1DN). Using protein secretion assays, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CrSar1DN on protein secretion. However, different from previously studied organisms, ectopic expression of CrSar1DN did not result in collapse of the ER-Golgi interface in Chlamydomonas. Nonetheless, our data suggest a largely conserved role of CrSar1 in the ER-to-Golgi protein secretory pathway in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
| | - Daniel Frieboese
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
| | | | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdamGermany
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3
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Karki U, Perez Sanchez P, Chakraborty S, Dickey B, Vargas Ulloa J, Zhang N, Xu J. Intracellular trafficking and glycosylation of hydroxyproline-O-glycosylation module in tobacco BY-2 cells is dependent on medium composition and transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13506. [PMID: 37598266 PMCID: PMC10439957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in plant cells with a "designer" hydroxyproline (Hyp)-O-glycosylated peptide (HypGP), such as tandem repeats of a "Ser-Pro" motif, has been shown to boost the secreted protein yields. However, dramatic secretion and Hyp-O-glycosylation of HypGP-tagged proteins can only be achieved when the plant cells were grown in nitrogen-deficient SH medium. Only trace amounts of secreted fusion protein were detected in MS medium. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the possible mechanism underlying these results by examining the intracellular trafficking and Hyp-O-glycosylation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused with a (SP)32 tag, consisting of 32 repeats of a "Ser-Pro" motif, in tobacco BY-2 cells. When cells were grown in MS medium, the (SP)32-EGFP formed protein body-like aggregate and was retained in the ER, without undergoing Hyp-O-glycosylation. In contrast, the fusion protein becomes fully Hyp-O-glycosylated, and then secreted in SH medium. Transcriptome analysis of the BY-2 cells grown in SH medium vs. MS medium revealed over 16,000 DEGs, with many upregulated DEGs associated with the microtubule-based movement, movement of subcellular component, and microtubule binding. These DEGs are presumably responsible for the enhanced ER-Golgi transport of HypGP-tagged proteins, enabling their glycosylation and secretion in SH medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhab Karki
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
- Molecular BioSciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Paula Perez Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Sankalpa Chakraborty
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
- Molecular BioSciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Berry Dickey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | | | - Ningning Zhang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
- Molecular BioSciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
- Molecular BioSciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
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4
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Zouhar J, Cao W, Shen J, Rojo E. Retrograde transport in plants: Circular economy in the endomembrane system. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151309. [PMID: 36933283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of endomembrane trafficking is crucial for understanding how cells and whole organisms function. Moreover, there is a special interest in investigating endomembrane trafficking in plants, given its role in transport and accumulation of seed storage proteins and in secretion of cell wall material, arguably the two most essential commodities obtained from crops. The mechanisms of anterograde transport in the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways of plants have been thoroughly discussed in recent reviews, but, comparatively, retrograde trafficking pathways have received less attention. Retrograde trafficking is essential to recover membranes, retrieve proteins that have escaped from their intended localization, maintain homeostasis in maturing compartments, and recycle trafficking machinery for its reuse in anterograde transport reactions. Here, we review the current understanding on retrograde trafficking pathways in the endomembrane system of plants, discussing their integration with anterograde transport routes, describing conserved and plant-specific retrieval mechanisms at play, highlighting contentious issues and identifying open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zouhar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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McGinness AJ, Schoberer J, Pain C, Brandizzi F, Kriechbaumer V. On the nature of the plant ER exit sites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010569. [PMID: 36275575 PMCID: PMC9585722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi bodies are not only in close proximity, but are also physically linked. This unique organization raises questions about the nature of the transport vectors carrying cargo between the two organelles. Same as in metazoan and yeast cells, it was suggested that cargo is transported from the ER to Golgi cisternae via COPII-coated vesicles produced at ribosome-free ER exit sites (ERES). Recent developments in mammalian cell research suggest, though, that COPII helps to select secretory cargo, but does not coat the carriers leaving the ER. Furthermore, it was shown that mammalian ERES expand into a tubular network containing secretory cargo, but no COPII components. Because of the close association of the ER and Golgi bodies in plant cells, it was previously proposed that ERES and the Golgi comprise a secretory unit that travels over or with a motile ER membrane. In this study, we aimed to explore the nature of ERES in plant cells and took advantage of high-resolution confocal microscopy and imaged ERES labelled with canonical markers (Sar1a, Sec16, Sec24). We found that ERES are dynamically connected to Golgi bodies and most likely represent pre-cis-Golgi cisternae. Furthermore, we showed fine tubular connections from the ER to Golgi compartments (ERGo tubules) as well as fine protrusions from ERES/Golgi cisternae connecting with the ER. We suggest that these tubules observed between the ER and Golgi as well as between the ER and ERES are involved in stabilizing the physical connection between ER and ERES/Golgi cisternae, but may also be involved in cargo transport from the ER to Golgi bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. McGinness
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Pain
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Christensen JR, Reck-Peterson SL. Hitchhiking Across Kingdoms: Cotransport of Cargos in Fungal, Animal, and Plant Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2022; 38:155-178. [PMID: 35905769 PMCID: PMC10967659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells across the tree of life organize their subcellular components via intracellular transport mechanisms. In canonical transport, myosin, kinesin, and dynein motor proteins interact with cargos via adaptor proteins and move along filamentous actin or microtubule tracks. In contrast to this canonical mode, hitchhiking is a newly discovered mode of intracellular transport in which a cargo attaches itself to an already-motile cargo rather than directly associating with a motor protein itself. Many cargos including messenger RNAs, protein complexes, and organelles hitchhike on membrane-bound cargos. Hitchhiking-like behaviors have been shown to impact cellular processes including local protein translation, long-distance signaling, and organelle network reorganization. Here, we review instances of cargo hitchhiking in fungal, animal, and plant cells and discuss the potential cellular and evolutionary importance of hitchhiking in these different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Christensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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7
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Rui Q, Tan X, Liu F, Bao Y. An Update on the Key Factors Required for Plant Golgi Structure Maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933283. [PMID: 35837464 PMCID: PMC9274083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant Golgi apparatus serves as the central station of the secretory pathway and is the site where protein modification and cell wall matrix polysaccharides synthesis occur. The polarized and stacked cisternal structure is a prerequisite for Golgi function. Our understanding of Golgi structure maintenance and trafficking are largely obtained from mammals and yeast, yet, plant Golgi has many different aspects. In this review, we summarize the key players in Golgi maintenance demonstrated by genetic studies in plants, which function in ER-Golgi, intra-Golgi and post-Golgi transport pathways. Among these, we emphasize on players in intra-Golgi trafficking.
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8
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Nakano A. The Golgi Apparatus and its Next-Door Neighbors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884360. [PMID: 35573670 PMCID: PMC9096111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus represents a central compartment of membrane traffic. Its apparent architecture, however, differs considerably among species, from unstacked and scattered cisternae in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to beautiful ministacks in plants and further to gigantic ribbon structures typically seen in mammals. Considering the well-conserved functions of the Golgi, its fundamental structure must have been optimized despite seemingly different architectures. In addition to the core layers of cisternae, the Golgi is usually accompanied by next-door compartments on its cis and trans sides. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) can be now considered as a compartment independent from the Golgi stack. On the cis side, the intermediate compartment between the ER and the Golgi (ERGIC) has been known in mammalian cells, and its functional equivalent is now suggested for yeast and plant cells. High-resolution live imaging is extremely powerful for elucidating the dynamics of these compartments and has revealed amazing similarities in their behaviors, indicating common mechanisms conserved along the long course of evolution. From these new findings, I would like to propose reconsideration of compartments and suggest a new concept to describe their roles comprehensively around the Golgi and in the post-Golgi trafficking.
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9
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Zheng P, Zheng C, Otegui MS, Li F. Endomembrane mediated-trafficking of seed storage proteins: from Arabidopsis to cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1312-1326. [PMID: 34849750 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are of great importance in plant science and agriculture, particularly in cereal crops, due to their nutritional value and their impact on food properties. During seed maturation, massive amounts of SSPs are synthesized and deposited either within protein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, or into specialized protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). The processing and trafficking of SSPs vary among plant species, tissues, and even developmental stages, as well as being influenced by SSP composition. The different trafficking routes, which affect the amount of SSPs that seeds accumulate and their composition and modifications, rely on a highly dynamic and functionally specialized endomembrane system. Although the general steps in SSP trafficking have been studied in various plants, including cereals, the detailed underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we discuss the main endomembrane routes involved in SSP trafficking to the PSV in Arabidopsis and other eudicots, and compare and contrast the SSP trafficking pathways in major cereal crops, particularly in rice and maize. In addition, we explore the challenges and strategies for analyzing the endomembrane system in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIUSA
| | - Faqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Cheung AY, Cosgrove DJ, Hara-Nishimura I, Jürgens G, Lloyd C, Robinson DG, Staehelin LA, Weijers D. A rich and bountiful harvest: Key discoveries in plant cell biology. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:53-71. [PMID: 34524464 PMCID: PMC8773953 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of plant cell biology has a rich history of discovery, going back to Robert Hooke's discovery of cells themselves. The development of microscopes and preparation techniques has allowed for the visualization of subcellular structures, and the use of protein biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology has enabled the identification of proteins and mechanisms that regulate key cellular processes. In this review, seven senior plant cell biologists reflect on the development of this research field in the past decades, including the foundational contributions that their teams have made to our rich, current insights into cell biology. Topics covered include signaling and cell morphogenesis, membrane trafficking, cytokinesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and cell wall biology. In addition, these scientists illustrate the pathways to discovery in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - Gerd Jürgens
- ZMBP-Developmental Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Clive Lloyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708WE, the Netherlands
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11
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Aniento F, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Dagdas Y, Rojas-Pierce M, Russinova E. Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:146-173. [PMID: 34550393 PMCID: PMC8773984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Arabidopsis thaliana myosin XIK is recruited to the Golgi through interaction with a MyoB receptor. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1182. [PMID: 34645991 PMCID: PMC8514473 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell organelles are highly mobile and their positioning play key roles in plant growth, development and responses to changing environmental conditions. Movement is acto-myosin dependent. Despite controlling the dynamics of several organelles, myosin and myosin receptors identified so far in Arabidopsis thaliana generally do not localise to the organelles whose movement they control, raising the issue of how specificity is determined. Here we show that a MyoB myosin receptor, MRF7, specifically localises to the Golgi membrane and affects its movement. Myosin XI-K was identified as a putative MRF7 interactor through mass spectrometry analysis. Co-expression of MRF7 and XI-K tail triggers the relocation of XI-K to the Golgi, linking a MyoB/myosin complex to a specific organelle in Arabidopsis. FRET-FLIM confirmed the in vivo interaction between MRF7 and XI-K tail on the Golgi and in the cytosol, suggesting that myosin/myosin receptor complexes perhaps cycle on and off organelle membranes. This work supports a traditional mechanism for organelle movement where myosins bind to receptors and adaptors on the organelle membranes, allowing them to actively move on the actin cytoskeleton, rather than passively in the recently proposed cytoplasmic streaming model. Perico et al. use co-expression analysis and a FRET-FLIM approach to show that the Arabidopsis MyoB myosin receptor, MRF7, triggers the relocation of Myosin XI-K to the Golgi. As such, this study provides evidence for plant myosin recruitment and control of organelle movement.
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13
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ER exit sites in Drosophila display abundant ER-Golgi vesicles and pearled tubes but no megacarriers. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109707. [PMID: 34525362 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory cargos are collected at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) before transport to the Golgi apparatus. Decades of research have provided many details of the molecular events underlying ER-Golgi exchanges. Essential questions, however, remain about the organization of the ER-Golgi interface in cells and the type of membrane structures mediating traffic from ERES. To investigate these, we use transgenic tagging in Drosophila flies, 3D-structured illumination microscopy (SIM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to characterize ERES-Golgi units in collagen-producing fat body, imaginal discs, and imaginal discs overexpressing ERES determinant Tango1. Facing ERES, we find a pre-cis-Golgi region, equivalent to the vertebrate ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), involved in both anterograde and retrograde transport. This pre-cis-Golgi is continuous with the rest of the Golgi, not a separate compartment or collection of large carriers, for which we find no evidence. We observe, however, many vesicles, as well as pearled tubules connecting ERES and Golgi.
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14
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Maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the plant endoplasmic reticulum. Dev Cell 2021; 56:919-932. [PMID: 33662257 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous organelle that is vital to the life of eukaryotic cells. It synthesizes essential lipids and proteins and initiates the glycosylation of intracellular and surface proteins. As such, the ER is necessary for cell growth and communication with the external environment. The ER is also a highly dynamic organelle, whose structure is continuously remodeled through an interaction with the cytoskeleton and the action of specialized ER shapers. Recent and significant advances in ER studies have brought to light conserved and unique features underlying the structure and function of this organelle in plant cells. In this review, exciting developments in the understanding of the mechanisms for plant ER structural and functional homeostasis, particularly those that underpin ER network architecture and ER degradation, are presented and discussed.
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15
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Abstract
The functions of coat protein complex II (COPII) coats in cargo packaging and the creation of vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum are conserved in eukaryotic protein secretion. Standard COPII vesicles, however, cannot handle the secretion of metazoan-specific cargoes such as procollagens, apolipoproteins, and mucins. Metazoans have thus evolved modules centered on proteins like TANGO1 (transport and Golgi organization 1) to engage COPII coats and early secretory pathway membranes to engineer a novel mode of cargo export at the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; ,
| | - V Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; , .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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16
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Feng Z, Yang K, Pastor-Pareja JC. Tales of the ER-Golgi Frontier: Drosophila-Centric Considerations on Tango1 Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619022. [PMID: 33505971 PMCID: PMC7829582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the secretory pathway, the transfer of cargo from the ER to the Golgi involves dozens of proteins that localize at specific regions of the ER called ER exit sites (ERES), where cargos are concentrated preceding vesicular transport to the Golgi. Despite many years of research, we are missing crucial details of how this highly dynamic ER-Golgi interface is defined, maintained and functions. Mechanisms allowing secretion of large cargos such as the very abundant collagens are also poorly understood. In this context, Tango1, discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila and widely conserved in animal evolution, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Tango1, an ERES-localized transmembrane protein, is the single fly member of the MIA/cTAGE family, consisting in humans of TANGO1 and at least 14 different related proteins. After its discovery in flies, a specific role of human TANGO1 in mediating secretion of collagens was reported. However, multiple studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that Tango1 is required for secretion of all cargos. At all ERES, through self-interaction and interactions with other proteins, Tango1 aids ERES maintenance and tethering of post-ER membranes. In this review, we discuss discoveries on Drosophila Tango1 and put them in relation with research on human MIA/cTAGE proteins. In doing so, we aim to offer an integrated view of Tango1 function and the nature of ER-Golgi transport from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - José C Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Lupanga U, Röhrich R, Askani J, Hilmer S, Kiefer C, Krebs M, Kanazawa T, Ueda T, Schumacher K. The Arabidopsis V-ATPase is localized to the TGN/EE via a seed plant-specific motif. eLife 2020; 9:e60568. [PMID: 33236982 PMCID: PMC7717909 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The V-ATPase is a versatile proton-pump found in a range of endomembrane compartments yet the mechanisms governing its differential targeting remain to be determined. In Arabidopsis, VHA-a1 targets the V-ATPase to the TGN/EE whereas VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 are localized to the tonoplast. We report here that the VHA-a1 targeting domain serves as both an ER-exit and as a TGN/EE-retention motif and is conserved among seed plants. In contrast, Marchantia encodes a single VHA-isoform that localizes to the TGN/EE and the tonoplast in Arabidopsis. Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 generated null alleles revealed that VHA-a1 has an essential function for male gametophyte development but acts redundantly with the tonoplast isoforms during vegetative growth. We propose that in the absence of VHA-a1, VHA-a3 is partially re-routed to the TGN/EE. Our findings contribute to understanding the evolutionary origin of V-ATPase targeting and provide a striking example that differential localization does not preclude functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendo Lupanga
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Rachel Röhrich
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jana Askani
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Hilmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christiane Kiefer
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiAichiJapan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)OkazakiAichiJapan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiAichiJapan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)OkazakiAichiJapan
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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18
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Kriechbaumer V, Brandizzi F. The plant endoplasmic reticulum: an organized chaos of tubules and sheets with multiple functions. J Microsc 2020; 280:122-133. [PMID: 32426862 PMCID: PMC10895883 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a fascinating organelle at the core of the secretory pathway. It is responsible for the synthesis of one third of the cellular proteome and, in plant cells, it produces receptors and transporters of hormones as well as the proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of critical components of a cellulosic cell wall. The endoplasmic reticulum structure resembles a spider-web network of interconnected tubules and cisternae that pervades the cell. The study of the dynamics and interaction of this organelles with other cellular structures such as the plasma membrane, the Golgi apparatus and the cytoskeleton, have been permitted by the implementation of fluorescent protein and advanced confocal imaging. In this review, we report on the findings that contributed towards the understanding of the endoplasmic reticulum morphology and function with the aid of fluorescent proteins, focusing on the contributions provided by pioneering work from the lab of the late Professor Chris Hawes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - F Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
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19
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MARTINIÈRE A, MOREAU P. Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story. J Microsc 2020; 280:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. MARTINIÈRE
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro BPMP Montpellier France
| | - P. MOREAU
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon France
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20
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Vieira V, Pain C, Wojcik S, Spatola Rossi T, Denecke J, Osterrieder A, Hawes C, Kriechbaumer V. Living on the edge: the role of Atgolgin-84A at the plant ER-Golgi interface. J Microsc 2020; 280:158-173. [PMID: 32700322 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The plant Golgi apparatus is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Golgi matrix components, such as golgins, have been identified and suggested to function as putative tethering factors to mediate the physical connections between Golgi bodies and the ER network. Golgins are proteins anchored to the Golgi membrane by the C-terminus either through transmembrane domains or interaction with small regulatory GTPases. The golgin N-terminus contains long coiled-coil domains, which consist of a number of α-helices wrapped around each other to form a structure similar to a rope being made from several strands, reaching into the cytoplasm. In animal cells, golgins are also implicated in specific recognition of cargo at the Golgi.Here, we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its subcellular localization and potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, fluorescent fusions of Atgolgin-84A and an Atgolgin-84A truncation lacking the coiled-coil domains (Atgolgin-84AΔ1-557) were transiently expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells and imaged using high-resolution confocal microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localizes to a pre-cis-Golgi compartment that is also labelled by one of the COPII proteins as well as by the tether protein AtCASP. Upon overexpression of Atgolgin-84A or its deletion mutant, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is impaired and cargo proteins are redirected to the vacuole. LAY DESCRIPTION: The Golgi apparatus is a specialised compartment found in mammalian and plant cells. It is the post office of the cell and packages proteins into small membrane boxes for transport to their destination in the cell. The plant Golgi apparatus consist of many separate Golgi bodies and is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Specialised proteins called golgins have been suggested to tether Golgi bodies and the ER. Here we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its exact within the Golgi body and its potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, we have fused Atgolgin-84A with a fluorescent protein from jellyfish and we are producing this combination in tobacco leaf cells. This allows us to see the protein using laser microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localises to a compartment between the ER and Golgi that is also labelled by the tether protein AtCASP. When Atgolgin-84A is produced in high amounts in the cell, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is inhibited and proteins are redirected to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vieira
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K
| | - C Pain
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - S Wojcik
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - T Spatola Rossi
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - J Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - A Osterrieder
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Bioethics and Engagement, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - C Hawes
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - V Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
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21
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Westrate LM, Hoyer MJ, Nash MJ, Voeltz GK. Vesicular and uncoated Rab1-dependent cargo carriers facilitate ER to Golgi transport. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239814. [PMID: 32616562 PMCID: PMC7390636 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory cargo is recognized, concentrated and trafficked from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) to the Golgi. Cargo export from the ER begins when a series of highly conserved COPII coat proteins accumulate at the ER and regulate the formation of cargo-loaded COPII vesicles. In animal cells, capturing live de novo cargo trafficking past this point is challenging; it has been difficult to discriminate whether cargo is trafficked to the Golgi in a COPII-coated vesicle. Here, we describe a recently developed live-cell cargo export system that can be synchronously released from ERES to illustrate de novo trafficking in animal cells. We found that components of the COPII coat remain associated with the ERES while cargo is extruded into COPII-uncoated, non-ER associated, Rab1 (herein referring to Rab1a or Rab1b)-dependent carriers. Our data suggest that, in animal cells, COPII coat components remain stably associated with the ER at exit sites to generate a specialized compartment, but once cargo is sorted and organized, Rab1 labels these export carriers and facilitates efficient forward trafficking.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Westrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Melissa J Hoyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Nash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Gia K Voeltz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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22
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Takagi J, Kimori Y, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. Dynamic Capture and Release of Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites by Golgi Stacks in Arabidopsis. iScience 2020; 23:101265. [PMID: 32585594 PMCID: PMC7322076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi stacks is mediated by the coat protein complex COPII, which is assembled at an ER subdomain called ER exit site (ERES). However, the dynamic relationship between ERESs and Golgi stacks is unknown. Here, we propose a dynamic capture-and-release model of ERESs by Golgi stacks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy with high-temporal-resolution imaging, COPII-component-bound ERESs were detected as punctate structures with sizes of 300–500 nm. Some punctate ERESs are distributed on ER tubules and sheet rims, whereas others gather around a Golgi stack in an ER-network cavity to form a beaded-ring structure. Free ERESs that wander into an ER cavity are captured by a Golgi stack in a cytoskeleton-independent manner. Then, they are released by the Golgi stack for recycling. The dynamic ERES cycling might contribute to efficient transfer of de novo synthesized cargo proteins from the ER to Golgi stacks. VAEM images show dynamic behavior of minimal punctate ERESs Most of punctate ERESs are distributed on the ER network tubes Several punctate ERESs contact with a Golgi stack in an ER network cavity ERESs are dynamically captured and released by Golgi stacks
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Takagi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Zang J, Zhang T, Hussey PJ, Wang P. Light microscopy of the endoplasmic reticulum-membrane contact sites in plants. J Microsc 2020; 280:134-139. [PMID: 32497309 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The existence of membrane contact sites (MCS) has been reported in different systems in the past decade, and their importance has been recognised by the cell biology community. Amongst all endomembrane structures, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays vital roles in organising the organelle interaction network with the plasma membrane (PM), Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids, endosomes and autophagosomes. A number of methods have been used to study the establishment and functions of these interactions, among them, light microscopy appears to be one of the most effective approaches. Here, we present an overview of the discovery of ER-PM contact sites, and highlight the latest developments in light microscopical-based techniques that can be used for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - T Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - P J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Praha 2, Czechia
| | - P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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24
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ROBINSON DAVIDG. Plant Golgi ultrastructure. J Microsc 2020; 280:111-121. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DAVID G. ROBINSON
- Centre for Organismal Studies University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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25
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Robinson DG, Aniento F. A Model for ERD2 Function in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:343. [PMID: 32269585 PMCID: PMC7109254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ER lumenal proteins have a K(H)DEL motif at their C-terminus. This is recognized by the ERD2 receptor (KDEL receptor in animals), which localizes to the Golgi apparatus and serves to capture escaped ER lumenal proteins. ERD2-ligand complexes are then transported back to the ER via COPI coated vesicles. The neutral pH of the ER causes the ligands to dissociate with the receptor being returned to the Golgi. According to this generally accepted scenario, ERD2 cycles between the ER and the Golgi, although it has been found to have a predominant Golgi localization. In this short article, we present a model for the functioning of ERD2 receptors in higher plants that explains why it is difficult to detect fluorescently tagged ERD2 proteins in the ER. The model assumes that the residence time for ERD2 in the ER is very brief and restricted to a specific domain of the ER. This is the small disc of ER immediately subjacent to the first cis-cisterna of the Golgi stack, representing specialized ER export and import sites and therefore constituting part of what is known as the "secretory unit", a mobile aggregate of ER domain plus Golgi stack. ERD2 molecules in the ER domain of the secretory unit may be small in number, transient and optically difficult to differentiate from the larger population of ERD2 molecules in the overlying Golgi stack in the confocal microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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26
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De Caroli M, Manno E, Perrotta C, De Lorenzo G, Di Sansebastiano GP, Piro G. CesA6 and PGIP2 Endocytosis Involves Different Subpopulations of TGN-Related Endosomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:350. [PMID: 32292410 PMCID: PMC7118220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential process for the internalization of plasma membrane proteins, lipids and extracellular molecules into the cells. The mechanisms underlying endocytosis in plant cells involve several endosomal organelles whose origins and specific role needs still to be clarified. In this study we compare the internalization events of a GFP-tagged polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein of Phaseolus vulgaris (PGIP2-GFP) to that of a GFP-tagged subunit of cellulose synthase complex of Arabidopsis thaliana (secGFP-CesA6). Through the use of endocytic traffic chemical inhibitors (tyrphostin A23, salicylic acid, wortmannin, concanamycin A, Sortin 2, Endosidin 5 and BFA) it was evidenced that the two protein fusions were endocytosed through distinct endosomes with different mechanisms. PGIP2-GFP endocytosis is specifically sensitive to tyrphostin A23, salicylic acid and Sortin 2; furthermore, SYP51, a tSNARE with interfering effect on late steps of vacuolar traffic, affects its arrival in the central vacuole. SecGFP-CesA6, specifically sensitive to Endosidin 5, likely reaches the plasma membrane passing through the trans Golgi network (TGN), since the BFA treatment leads to the formation of BFA bodies, compatible with the aggregation of TGNs. BFA treatments determine the accumulation and tethering of the intracellular compartments labeled by both proteins, but PGIP2-GFP aggregated compartments overlap with those labeled by the endocytic dye FM4-64 while secGFP-CesA6 fills different compartments. Furthermore, secGFP-CesA6 co-localization with RFP-NIP1.1, marker of the direct ER-to-Vacuole traffic, in small compartments separated from ER suggests that secGFP-CesA6 is sorted through TGNs in which the direct contribution from the ER plays an important role. All together the data indicate the existence of a heterogeneous population of Golgi-independent TGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Manno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Perrotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano,
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- ULLA NEUMANN
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCentral Microscopy Cologne Germany
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28
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Mookherjee D, Majumder P, Mukherjee R, Chatterjee D, Kaul Z, Das S, Sougrat R, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. Cytosolic aggregates in presence of non‐translocated proteins perturb endoplasmic reticulum structure and dynamics. Traffic 2019; 20:943-960. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debdatto Mookherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Priyanka Majumder
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural SciencesShiv Nadar University Dadri UP India
| | - Rukmini Mukherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Frankfurt Am Main Germany
| | - Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Zenia Kaul
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Subhrangshu Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Rachid Sougrat
- Imaging and Characterization Lab4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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29
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Vieira V, Peixoto B, Costa M, Pereira S, Pissarra J, Pereira C. N-Linked Glycosylation Modulates Golgi-Independent Vacuolar Sorting Mediated by the Plant Specific Insert. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090312. [PMID: 31480247 PMCID: PMC6784193 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, the conventional route to the vacuole involves the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi and the prevacuolar compartment. However, over the years, unconventional sorting to the vacuole, bypassing the Golgi, has been described, which is the case of the Plant-Specific Insert (PSI) of the aspartic proteinase cardosin A. Interestingly, this Golgi-bypass ability is not a characteristic shared by all PSIs, since two related PSIs showed to have different sensitivity to ER-to-Golgi blockage. Given the high sequence similarity between the PSI domains, we sought to depict the differences in terms of post-translational modifications. In fact, one feature that draws our attention is that one is N-glycosylated and the other one is not. Using site-directed mutagenesis to obtain mutated versions of the two PSIs, with and without the glycosylation motif, we observed that altering the glycosylation pattern interferes with the trafficking of the protein as the non-glycosylated PSI-B, unlike its native glycosylated form, is able to bypass ER-to-Golgi blockage and accumulate in the vacuole. This is also true when the PSI domain is analyzed in the context of the full-length cardosin. Regardless of opening exciting research gaps, the results obtained so far need a more comprehensive study of the mechanisms behind this unconventional direct sorting to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - José Pissarra
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal.
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30
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Zhu M, van Grinsven IL, Kormelink R, Tao X. Paving the Way to Tospovirus Infection: Multilined Interplays with Plant Innate Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:41-62. [PMID: 30893008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tospoviruses are among the most important plant pathogens and cause serious crop losses worldwide. Tospoviruses have evolved to smartly utilize the host cellular machinery to accomplish their life cycle. Plants mount two layers of defense to combat their invasion. The first one involves the activation of an antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) defense response. However, tospoviruses encode an RNA silencing suppressor that enables them to counteract antiviral RNAi. To further combat viral invasion, plants also employ intracellular innate immune receptors (e.g., Sw-5b and Tsw) to recognize different viral effectors (e.g., NSm and NSs). This leads to the triggering of a much more robust defense against tospoviruses called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Tospoviruses have further evolved their effectors and can break Sw-5b-/Tsw-mediated resistance. The arms race between tospoviruses and both layers of innate immunity drives the coevolution of host defense and viral genes involved in counter defense. In this review, a state-of-the-art overview is presented on the tospoviral life cycle and the multilined interplays between tospoviruses and the distinct layers of defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Irene Louise van Grinsven
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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31
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A signal motif retains Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I in the cis-Golgi and prevents enhanced glycoprotein ERAD. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3701. [PMID: 31420549 PMCID: PMC6697737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I (MNS3) generates an oligomannosidic N-glycan structure that is characteristically found on ER-resident glycoproteins. The enzyme itself has so far not been detected in the ER. Here, we provide evidence that in plants MNS3 exclusively resides in the Golgi apparatus at steady-state. Notably, MNS3 remains on dispersed punctate structures when subjected to different approaches that commonly result in the relocation of Golgi enzymes to the ER. Responsible for this rare behavior is an amino acid signal motif (LPYS) within the cytoplasmic tail of MNS3 that acts as a specific Golgi retention signal. This retention is a means to spatially separate MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming steps that generate the glycan signal required for flagging terminally misfolded glycoproteins for ERAD. The physiological importance of the very specific MNS3 localization is demonstrated here by means of a structurally impaired variant of the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1. The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I MNS3 generates N-glycan structures typical of ER-resident glycoproteins. Here Schoberer et al. identify a novel motif that anchors MNS3 to the cis-Golgi, spatially separating MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming associated with the ER-associated degradation pathway.
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32
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Kurokawa K, Nakano A. The ER exit sites are specialized ER zones for the transport of cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. J Biochem 2019; 165:109-114. [PMID: 30304445 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, including secretory protein biogenesis, lipid synthesis, drug metabolism, Ca2+ signalling and so on. Since the ER is a single continuous membrane structure, it includes distinct zones responsible for its different functions. The export of newly synthesized proteins from the ER is facilitated via coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles, which form in specialized zones within the ER, called the ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structural organization of ERES, the correlation between the ERES and Golgi organization, and the faithful cargo transport mechanism from the ERES to the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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33
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Giacomello E, Ronchi P, Pepperkok R. GM130 and p115 play a key role in the organisation of the early secretory pathway during skeletal muscle differentiation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.222083. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle (SKM) differentiation is a highly regulated process leading to the formation of specialised cells with reorganised compartments and organelles, such as those of the early secretory pathway. During SKM differentiation the Golgi complex (GC) redistributes close to the nuclear envelope and in small distinct peripheral structures distributed throughout the myotube. Concurrently, GC elements closely associate with endoplasmic reticulum-exit sites (ERES). The mechanisms underlying this reorganisation and its relevance for SKM differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we show, by time-lapse imaging studies, that the changes in GC organisation involve GC fragmentation and redistribution of ERES with the formation of tightly associated GC–ERES units. We show that knockdown of GM130 (also known as GOLGA2) or p115 (also known as USO1), two regulators of the early secretory pathway, impairs GC and ERES reorganisation. This in turn results in inhibition of myotube fusion and M-cadherin (also known as CDH15) transport to the sarcolemma. Taken together, our data suggest that the correct reorganisation of the early secretory pathway components plays an important role in SKM differentiation and, thus, associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Giacomello
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Europen Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
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34
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Wosik J, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. RhoA Pathway and Actin Regulation of the Golgi/Centriole Complex. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:81-93. [PMID: 31435793 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrate cells, the Golgi apparatus is located in close proximity to the centriole. The architecture of the Golgi/centriole complex depends on a multitude of factors, including the actin filament cytoskeleton. In turn, both the Golgi and centriole act as the actin nucleation centers. Actin organization and polymerization also depend on the small GTPase RhoA pathway. In this chapter, we summarize the most current knowledge on how the genetic, magnetic, or pharmacologic interference with RhoA pathway and actin cytoskeleton directly or indirectly affects architecture, structure, and function of the Golgi/centriole complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Univ Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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35
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Liu L, Li J. Communications Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Other Organelles During Abiotic Stress Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:749. [PMID: 31249578 PMCID: PMC6582665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions, plants have evolved sophisticated tolerance mechanisms to integrate various stress signals and to coordinate plant growth and development. It is well known that inter-organellar communications play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, is a central organelle involved in lipid metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and synthesis and folding of secretory and transmembrane proteins crucial to perceive and transduce environmental signals. The ER communicates with the nucleus via the highly conserved unfolded protein response pathway to mitigate ER stress. Importantly, recent studies have revealed that the dynamic ER network physically interacts with other intracellular organelles and endomembrane compartments, such as the Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome, vacuole, and the plasma membrane, through multiple membrane contact sites between closely apposed organelles. In this review, we will discuss the signaling and metabolite exchanges between the ER and other organelles during abiotic stress responses in plants as well as the ER-organelle membrane contact sites and their associated tethering complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianming Li, ;
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36
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Gergely ZR, Martinez DE, Donohoe BS, Mogelsvang S, Herder R, Staehelin LA. 3D electron tomographic and biochemical analysis of ER, Golgi and trans Golgi network membrane systems in stimulated Venus flytrap ( Dionaea muscipula) glandular cells. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2018; 25:15. [PMID: 30116723 PMCID: PMC6083566 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-018-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insect-trapping leaves of Dionaea muscipula provide a model for studying the secretory pathway of an inducible plant secretory system. The leaf glands were induced with bovine serum albumin to secrete proteases that were characterized via zymogram activity gels over a 6-day period. The accompanying morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi were analyzed using 3D electron tomography of glands preserved by high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution methods. RESULTS Secretion of multiple cysteine and aspartic proteases occurred biphasically. The majority of the Golgi was organized in clusters consisting of 3-6 stacks surrounded by a cage-like system of ER cisternae. In these clusters, all Golgi stacks were oriented with their cis-most C1 cisterna facing an ER export site. The C1 Golgi cisternae varied in size and shape consistent with the hypothesis that they form de novo. Following induction, the number of ER-bound polysomes doubled, but no increase in COPII vesicles was observed. Golgi changes included a reduction in the number of cisternae per stack and a doubling of cisternal volume without increased surface area. Polysaccharide molecules that form the sticky slime cause swelling of the trans and trans Golgi network (TGN) cisternae. Peeling of the trans-most cisternae gives rise to free TGN cisternae. One day after gland stimulation, the free TGNs were frequently associated with loose groups of oriented actin-like filaments which were not seen in any other samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the secretory apparatus of resting gland cells is "overbuilt" to enable the cells to rapidly up-regulate lytic enzyme production and secretion in response to prey trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Gergely
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 347, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Dana E. Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata–CONICET CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Bryon S. Donohoe
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Soren Mogelsvang
- Exxel Pharma, Inc, 12635 E Montview Blvd, Suite 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Rachel Herder
- Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, One Market Plaza, Spear Tower, Ste 3300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA
| | - L. Andrew Staehelin
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 347, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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37
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Silva-Alvim FAL, An J, Alvim JC, Foresti O, Grippa A, Pelgrom A, Adams TL, Hawes C, Denecke J. Predominant Golgi Residency of the Plant K/HDEL Receptor Is Essential for Its Function in Mediating ER Retention. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2174-2196. [PMID: 30072420 PMCID: PMC6181015 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of soluble proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plants is mediated by a receptor termed ER RETENTION DEFECTIVE2 (ERD2) or K/HDEL receptor. Using two gain-of-function assays and by complementing loss of function in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered that compromising the lumenal N terminus or the cytosolic C terminus with fluorescent fusions abolishes its biological function and profoundly affects its subcellular localization. Based on the confirmed asymmetrical topology of ERD2, we engineered a new fluorescent ERD2 fusion protein that retains biological activity. Using this fusion, we show that ERD2 is exclusively detected at the Golgi apparatus, unlike nonfunctional C-terminal fusions, which also label the ER. Moreover, ERD2 is confined to early Golgi compartments and does not show ligand-induced redistribution to the ER. We show that the cytosolic C terminus of ERD2 plays a crucial role in its function. Two conserved leucine residues that do not correspond to any known targeting motifs for ER-Golgi trafficking were shown to be essential for both ERD2 Golgi residency and its ability to mediate ER retention of soluble ligands. The results suggest that anterograde ER to Golgi transport of ERD2 is either extremely fast, well in excess of the bulk flow rate, or that ERD2 does not recycle in the way originally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A L Silva-Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jing An
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas C Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ombretta Foresti
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Grippa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Pelgrom
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas L Adams
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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38
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Aridor M. COPII gets in shape: Lessons derived from morphological aspects of early secretion. Traffic 2018; 19:823-839. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meir Aridor
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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39
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Salicylic acid-independent role of NPR1 is required for protection from proteotoxic stress in the plant endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5203-E5212. [PMID: 29760094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802254115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ancient signaling pathway designed to protect cells from the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because misregulation of the UPR is potentially lethal, a stringent surveillance signaling system must be in place to modulate the UPR. The major signaling arms of the plant UPR have been discovered and rely on the transcriptional activity of the transcription factors bZIP60 and bZIP28 and on the kinase and ribonuclease activity of IRE1, which splices mRNA to activate bZIP60. Both bZIP28 and bZIP60 modulate UPR gene expression to overcome ER stress. In this study, we demonstrate at a genetic level that the transcriptional role of bZIP28 and bZIP60 in ER-stress responses is antagonized by nonexpressor of PR1 genes 1 (NPR1), a critical redox-regulated master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses to pathogens, independently of its role in SA defense. We also establish that the function of NPR1 in the UPR is concomitant with ER stress-induced reduction of the cytosol and translocation of NPR1 to the nucleus where it interacts with bZIP28 and bZIP60. Our results support a cellular role for NPR1 as well as a model for plant UPR regulation whereby SA-independent ER stress-induced redox activation of NPR1 suppresses the transcriptional role of bZIP28 and bZIP60 in the UPR.
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40
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Abstract
Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles. On the one hand, most vegetative tissues develop lytic vacuoles that have a role in degradation. On the other hand, seed cells have two types of storage vacuoles: protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in endosperm and embryonic cells and metabolite storage vacuoles in seed coats. Vacuolar proteins and metabolites are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the vacuoles via Golgi-dependent and Golgi-independent pathways. Proprotein precursors delivered to the vacuoles are converted into their respective mature forms by vacuolar processing enzyme, which also regulates various kinds of programmed cell death in plants. We summarize two types of vacuolar membrane dynamics that occur during defense responses: vacuolar membrane collapse to attack viral pathogens and fusion of vacuolar and plasma membranes to attack bacterial pathogens. We also describe the chemical defense against herbivores brought about by the presence of PSVs in the idioblast myrosin cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Junpei Takagi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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41
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Ooi CP, Smith TK, Gluenz E, Wand NV, Vaughan S, Rudenko G. Blocking variant surface glycoprotein synthesis alters endoplasmic reticulum exit sites/Golgi homeostasis in Trypanosoma brucei. Traffic 2018; 19:391-405. [PMID: 29533496 PMCID: PMC6001540 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The predominant secretory cargo of bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei is variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), comprising ~10% total protein and forming a dense protective layer. Blocking VSG translation using Morpholino oligonucleotides triggered a precise pre‐cytokinesis arrest. We investigated the effect of blocking VSG synthesis on the secretory pathway. The number of Golgi decreased, particularly in post‐mitotic cells, from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 0.04 per cell. Similarly, the number of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES) in post‐mitotic cells dropped from 3.9 ± 0.6 to 2.7 ± 0.1 eight hours after blocking VSG synthesis. The secretory pathway was still functional in these stalled cells, as monitored using Cathepsin L. Rates of phospholipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchor biosynthesis remained relatively unaffected, except for the level of sphingomyelin which increased. However, both endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi morphology became distorted, with the Golgi cisternae becoming significantly dilated, particularly at the trans‐face. Membrane accumulation in these structures is possibly caused by reduced budding of nascent vesicles due to the drastic reduction in the total amount of secretory cargo, that is, VSG. These data argue that the total flux of secretory cargo impacts upon the biogenesis and maintenance of secretory structures and organelles in T. brucei, including the ERES and Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher-Pheng Ooi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terry K Smith
- BSRC, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Eva Gluenz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Gloria Rudenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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42
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Chung KP, Zeng Y, Li Y, Ji C, Xia Y, Jiang L. Signal motif-dependent ER export of the Qc-SNARE BET12 interacts with MEMB12 and affects PR1 trafficking in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202838. [PMID: 28546447 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are well-known for their role in controlling membrane fusion, the final, but crucial step, in vesicular transport in eukaryotes. SNARE proteins contribute to various biological processes including pathogen defense and channel activity regulation, as well as plant growth and development. Precise targeting of SNARE proteins to destined compartments is a prerequisite for their proper functioning. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for SNARE targeting in plants remains obscure. Here, we investigate the targeting mechanism of the Arabidopsis thaliana Qc-SNARE BET12, which is involved in protein trafficking in the early secretory pathway. Two distinct signal motifs that are required for efficient BET12 ER export were identified. Pulldown assays and in vivo imaging implicated that both the COPI and COPII pathways were required for BET12 targeting. Further studies using an ER-export-defective form of BET12 revealed that the Golgi-localized Qb-SNARE MEMB12, a negative regulator of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1; At2g14610) secretion, was its interacting partner. Ectopic expression of BET12 caused no inhibition in the general ER-Golgi anterograde transport but caused intracellular accumulation of PR1, suggesting that BET12 has a regulatory role in PR1 trafficking in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China .,The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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43
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Wang X, Chung KP, Lin W, Jiang L. Protein secretion in plants: conventional and unconventional pathways and new techniques. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:21-37. [PMID: 28992209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential process in all eukaryotic cells and its mechanisms have been extensively studied. Proteins with an N-terminal leading sequence or transmembrane domain are delivered through the conventional protein secretion (CPS) pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. This feature is conserved in yeast, animals, and plants. In contrast, the transport of leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) from the cytosol to the cell exterior is accomplished via the unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. So far, the CPS pathway has been well characterized in plants, with several recent studies providing new information about the regulatory mechanisms involved. On the other hand, studies on UPS pathways in plants remain descriptive, although a connection between UPS and the plant defense response is becoming more and more apparent. In this review, we present an update on CPS and UPS. With the emergence of new techniques, a more comprehensive understanding of protein secretion in plants can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Kin Pan Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Weili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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44
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Kwaaitaal M, Nielsen ME, Böhlenius H, Thordal-Christensen H. The plant membrane surrounding powdery mildew haustoria shares properties with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5731-5743. [PMID: 29237056 PMCID: PMC5854130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many filamentous plant pathogens place specialized feeding structures, called haustoria, inside living host cells. As haustoria grow, they are believed to manipulate plant cells to generate a specialized, still enigmatic extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) around them. Here, we focused on revealing properties of the EHM. With the help of membrane-specific dyes and transient expression of membrane-associated proteins fused to fluorescent tags, we studied the nature of the EHM generated by barley leaf epidermal cells around powdery mildew haustoria. Observations suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-specific dyes labelled the EHM led us to find that Sar1 and RabD2a GTPases bind this membrane. These proteins are usually associated with the ER and the ER/cis-Golgi membrane, respectively. In contrast, transmembrane and luminal ER and Golgi markers failed to label the EHM, suggesting that it is not a continuum of the ER. Furthermore, GDP-locked Sar1 and a nucleotide-free RabD2a, which block ER to Golgi exit, did not hamper haustorium formation. These results indicated that the EHM shares features with the plant ER membrane, but that the EHM membrane is not dependent on conventional secretion. This raises the prospect that an unconventional secretory pathway from the ER may provide this membrane's material. Understanding these processes will assist future approaches to providing resistance by preventing EHM generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kwaaitaal
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Eggert Nielsen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Böhlenius
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Cheng X, Lang I, Adeniji OS, Griffing L. Plasmolysis-deplasmolysis causes changes in endoplasmic reticulum form, movement, flow, and cytoskeletal association. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4075-4087. [PMID: 28922772 PMCID: PMC5853952 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmolysis of hypocotyl cells of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana diminishes the dynamics of the remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the central protoplast, namely that withdrawn from the cell wall, and more persistent cisternae are formed, yet little change in the actin network in the protoplast occurs. Also, protein flow within the ER network in the protoplast, as detected with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), is not affected by plasmolysis. After plasmolysis, another network of strictly tubular ER remains attached to the plasma membrane-wall interface and is contained within the Hechtian strands and reticulum. FRAP studies indicate that protein flow within these ER tubules diminishes. Actin is largely absent from the Hechtian reticulum and the ER becomes primarily associated with altered, branched microtubules. The smaller volume of the central protoplast is accompanied by decreased movement rates of tubules, cisternae, and spheroid organelles, but this reduced movement is not readily reversed by the increase in volume that accompanies deplasmolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Cheng
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lawrence Griffing
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
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46
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Brandizzi F. Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in plants: Where are we now? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:94-105. [PMID: 28688928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of about one third of the cellular proteome is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which exports proteins to the Golgi apparatus for sorting to their final destination. Notwithstanding the close proximity of the ER with other secretory membranes (e.g., endosomes, plasma membrane), the ER is also important for the homeostasis of non-secretory organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and chloroplasts. While how the plant ER interacts with most of the non-secretory membranes is largely unknown, the knowledge on the mechanisms for ER-to-Golgi transport is relatively more advanced. Indeed, over the last fifteen years or so, a large number of exciting results have contributed to draw parallels with non-plant species but also to highlight the complexity of the plant ER-Golgi interface, which bears unique features. This review reports and discusses results on plant ER-to-Golgi traffic, focusing mainly on research on COPII-mediated transport in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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47
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Osterrieder A, Sparkes IA, Botchway SW, Ward A, Ketelaar T, de Ruijter N, Hawes C. Stacks off tracks: a role for the golgin AtCASP in plant endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus tethering. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3339-3350. [PMID: 28605454 PMCID: PMC5853478 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts incoming proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synthesizes cell wall matrix material. Plant cells possess numerous motile Golgi bodies, which are connected to the ER by yet to be identified tethering factors. Previous studies indicated a role for cis-Golgi plant golgins, which are long coiled-coil domain proteins anchored to Golgi membranes, in Golgi biogenesis. Here we show a tethering role for the golgin AtCASP at the ER-Golgi interface. Using live-cell imaging, Golgi body dynamics were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermal cells expressing fluorescently tagged AtCASP, a truncated AtCASP-ΔCC lacking the coiled-coil domains, and the Golgi marker STtmd. Golgi body speed and displacement were significantly reduced in AtCASP-ΔCC lines. Using a dual-colour optical trapping system and a TIRF-tweezer system, individual Golgi bodies were captured in planta. Golgi bodies in AtCASP-ΔCC lines were easier to trap and the ER-Golgi connection was more easily disrupted. Occasionally, the ER tubule followed a trapped Golgi body with a gap, indicating the presence of other tethering factors. Our work confirms that the intimate ER-Golgi association can be disrupted or weakened by expression of truncated AtCASP-ΔCC and suggests that this connection is most likely maintained by a golgin-mediated tethering complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Osterrieder
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Imogen A Sparkes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Stan W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Andy Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Tijs Ketelaar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, UK
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48
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Yuen CYL, Wang P, Kang BH, Matsumoto K, Christopher DA. A Non-Classical Member of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family, PDI7 of Arabidopsis thaliana, Localizes to the cis-Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1103-1117. [PMID: 28444333 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-C subfamily are chimeric proteins containing the thioredoxin (Trx) domain of PDIs, and the conserved N- and C-terminal Pfam domains of Erv41p/Erv46p-type cargo receptors. They are unique to plants and chromalveolates. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three PDI-C isoforms: PDI7, PDI12 and PDI13. Here we demonstrate that PDI7 is a 65 kDa integral membrane glycoprotein expressed throughout many Arabidopsis tissues. Using a PDI7-specific antibody, we show through immunoelectron microscopy that PDI7 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes in wild-type root tip cells, and was also detected in vesicles. Tomographic modeling of the Golgi revealed that PDI7 was confined to the cis-Golgi, and accumulated primarily at the cis-most cisterna. Shoot apical meristem cells from transgenic plants overexpressing PDI7 exhibited a dramatic increase in anti-PDI7 labeling at the cis-Golgi. When N- or C-terminal fusions between PDI7 and the green fluorescent protein variant, GFP(S65T), were expressed in mesophyll protoplasts, the fusions co-localized with the ER marker, ER-mCherry. However, when GFP(S65T) was positioned internally within PDI7 (PDI7-GFPint), the fusion strongly co-localized with the cis-Golgi marker, mCherry-SYP31, and faintly labeled the ER. In contrast to the Golgi-resident fusion protein (Man49-mCherry), PDI7-GFPint did not redistribute to the ER after brefeldin A treatment. Protease protection experiments indicated that the Trx domain of PDI7 is located within the ER/Golgi lumen. We propose a model where PDI-C isoforms function as cargo receptors for proteins containing exposed cysteine residues, cycling them from the Golgi back to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Y L Yuen
- University of Hawaii, Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kristie Matsumoto
- University of Hawaii, Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - David A Christopher
- University of Hawaii, Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, Honolulu, HI, USA
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49
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Ueda M, Egoshi S, Dodo K, Ishimaru Y, Yamakoshi H, Nakano T, Takaoka Y, Tsukiji S, Sodeoka M. Noncanonical Function of a Small-Molecular Virulence Factor Coronatine against Plant Immunity: An In Vivo Raman Imaging Approach. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:462-472. [PMID: 28573209 PMCID: PMC5445528 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (1), a small-molecular virulence factor produced by plant-pathogenic bacteria, promotes bacterial infection by inducing the opening of stomatal pores, the major route of bacterial entry into the plant, via the jasmonate-mediated COI1-JAZ signaling pathway. However, this pathway is also important for multiple plant functions, including defense against wounding by herbivorous insects. Thus, suppression of the COI1-JAZ signaling pathway to block bacterial infection would concomitantly impair plant defense against herbivorous wounding. Here, we report additional, COI1-JAZ-independent, action of 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells. First, we found that a stereoisomer of 1 regulates the movement of Arabidopsis guard cells without affecting COI1-JAZ signaling. Second, we found using alkyne-tagged Raman imaging (ATRI) that 1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of living guard cells of Arabidopsis. The use of arc6 mutant lacking chloroplast formation was pivotal to circumvent the issue of autofluorescence during ATRI. These findings indicate that 1 has an ER-related action on Arabidopsis stomata that bypasses the COI1-JAZ signaling module. It may be possible to suppress the action of 1 on stomata without impairing plant defense responses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ueda
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- E-mail: . Tel and fax: +81-22-795-6553
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takaoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Frontier
Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Department of Life
Science and Applied Chemistry, Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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50
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Different Golgi ultrastructure across species and tissues: Implications under functional and pathological conditions, and an attempt at classification. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:186-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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