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Fischer A, Langmann J, Vöst M, Eickerling G, Scherer W. HTD2: a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer for combined high-pressure/low-temperature experiments at laboratory scale. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1255-1266. [PMID: 36249492 PMCID: PMC9533757 DOI: 10.1107/s160057672200766x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure (HP) X-ray diffraction experiments at low temperature (LT) require dedicated instruments as well as non-standard sample environments and measuring strategies. This is especially true when helium cryogenic temperatures below 80 K are targeted. Furthermore, only experiments on single-crystalline samples provide the prerequisites to study subtle structural changes in the p-T phase diagram under extreme LT and HP conditions in greater detail. Due to special hardware requirements, such measurements are usually in the realm of synchrotron beamlines. This contribution describes the design of an LT/HP diffractometer (HTD2) to perform single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments using a laboratory source in the temperature range 400 > T > 2 K while applying pressures of up to 20 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fischer
- CPM, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jan Langmann
- CPM, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Vöst
- CPM, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Georg Eickerling
- CPM, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- CPM, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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2
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Robertson CM, Winter SM, Howard JAK, Probert MR, Oakley RT. Low temperature insights into the crystal and magnetic structure of a neutral radical ferromagnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10238-10241. [PMID: 34528050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03842g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the radical ferromagnet 1a at 2 K reveals a contraction in the unit cell c constant which, at the molecular level, translates into a decrease in slippage of the radical π-stacks and an increase in ferromagnetic exchange interactions along the stacking axis. The results of BS-DFT calculations using long-range corrected functionals are consistent with an overall ferromagnetic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Stephen M Winter
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | | | - Michael R Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Mason HE, Musselle-Sexton JRC, Howard JAK, Probert MR, Sparkes HA. Structural studies into the spin crossover behaviour of Fe(abpt) 2(NCS) 2 polymorphs B and D. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic analysis of the spin-crossover behaviour of [Fe(abpt)2(NCS)2], polymorph B and D, is presented focusing particularly on the high pressure structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- UK
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Cantock's Close
- Bristol
- UK
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4
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Hay MA, McMonagle CJ, Wilson C, Probert MR, Murrie M. Trigonal to Pentagonal Bipyramidal Coordination Switching in a Co(II) Single-Ion Magnet. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9691-9697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moya A. Hay
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J. McMonagle
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Murrie
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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5
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McMonagle CJ, Probert MR. Reducing the background of ultra-low-temperature X-ray diffraction data through new methods and advanced materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2019; 52:445-450. [PMID: 30996720 PMCID: PMC6448682 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
New methods and advanced materials that significantly reduce the background when collecting single-crystal X-ray diffraction data at ultra-low temperatures using a closed-cycle helium refrigerator are presented here. These include a magnetically controlled internal beamstop and a separate internal collimator that together completely remove the scattering contribution to the background from the beryllium vacuum chamber. Additionally, a new radiation shield made from flexible graphite significantly reduces the background and maintains excellent thermal properties. In combination these improvements have led to a sixfold reduction in the average intensity and a 15-fold reduction in peak intensity of the background observed for diffraction experiments conducted with a closed-cycle helium refrigerator. Moreover, access to ultra-low base temperatures, 2.05 K, has been maintained. The design and implementation of these methods are discussed along with a case study of vitamin C to demonstrate the effectiveness of the improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles James McMonagle
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Kings Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael Richard Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Kings Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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6
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Smith EL, Ridout J, Sellars JD, Probert MR. A structural exploration of anisole accessed through extreme crystallisation conditions. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel high pressure polymorph of anisole has been discovered and investigated with respect to the known low temperature form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Louvain Smith
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne
- UK
| | - Joe Ridout
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne
- UK
| | | | - Michael Richard Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne
- UK
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7
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Mason HE, Li W, Carpenter MA, Hamilton ML, Howard JAK, Sparkes HA. Structural and spectroscopic characterisation of the spin crossover in [Fe(abpt)2(NCS)2] polymorph A. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic, UV-Vis, RUS and strain analysis studies of thermal spin crossover in [Fe(abpt)2(NCS)2] polymorph A are presented alongside LIESST and high pressure structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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8
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Kapustin EA, Minkov VS, Boldyreva EV. Effect of pressure on methylated glycine derivatives: relative roles of hydrogen bonds and steric repulsion of methyl groups. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:517-532. [PMID: 24892599 DOI: 10.1107/s205252061401035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infinite head-to-tail chains of zwitterions present in the crystals of all amino acids are known to be preserved even after structural phase transitions. In order to understand the role of the N-H...O hydrogen bonds linking zwitterions in these chains in structural rearrangements, the crystal structures of the N-methyl derivatives of glycine (N-methylglycine, or sarcosine, with two donors for hydrogen bonding; two polymorphs of N,N-dimethylglycine, DMG-I and DMG-II, with one donor for hydrogen bond; and N,N,N-trimethylglycine, or betaine, with no hydrogen bonds) were studied at different pressures. Methylation has not only excluded the formation of selected hydrogen bonds, but also introduced bulky mobile fragments into the structure. The effects of pressure on the systems of the series were compared with respect to distorting and switching over hydrogen bonds and inducing reorientation of the methylated fragments. Phase transitions with fragmentation of the single crystals into fine powder were observed for partially methylated N-methyl- and N,N-dimethylglycine, whereas the structural changes in betaine were continuous with some peculiar features in the 1.4-2.9 GPa pressure range and accompanied by splitting of the crystals into several large fragments. Structural rearrangements in sarcosine and betaine were strongly dependent on the rate of pressure variation: the higher the rate of increasing pressure, the lower the pressure at which the phase transition occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Kapustin
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily S Minkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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Howard JAK, Probert MR. Cutting-Edge Techniques Used for the Structural Investigation of Single Crystals. Science 2014; 343:1098-102. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1247252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to elucidate the structure of two polymorphs of isopropyl alcohol, one grown through in situ cryo-crystallisation, the other through high-pressure crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ridout
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham, UK
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11
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Lee R, Howard JAK, Probert MR, Steed JW. Structure of organic solids at low temperature and high pressure. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4300-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review summarises the current state of the art in low temperature and high pressure crystallography of molecular organic and coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham, UK
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12
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Farrell AR, Coome JA, Probert MR, Goeta AE, Howard JAK, Lemée-Cailleau MH, Parsons S, Murrie M. Ultra-low temperature structure determination of a Mn12 single-molecule magnet and the interplay between lattice solvent and structural disorder. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Li W, Probert MR, Kosa M, Bennett TD, Thirumurugan A, Burwood RP, Parinello M, Howard JAK, Cheetham AK. Negative Linear Compressibility of a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11940-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305196u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Probert
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Kosa
- Faculty of Exact Sciences, Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan
52900, Israel
| | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Thirumurugan
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan P. Burwood
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Parinello
- Department of Chemistry
and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI-Campus, Via
G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Coome JA, Goeta AE, Howard JAK, Probert MR. Masquerade: removing non-sample scattering from integrated reflection intensities. J Appl Crystallogr 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray diffraction experiments at very low temperatures require samples to be isolated from atmospheric conditions and held under vacuum. These conditions are usually maintainedviathe use of beryllium chambers, which also scatter X-rays, causing unwanted contamination of the sample's diffraction pattern. The removal of this contamination requires novel data-collection and processing procedures to be employed. Herein a new approach is described, which utilizes the differences in origin of scattering vectors from the sample and the beryllium to eliminate non-sample scattering. The programMasqueradehas been written to remove contaminated regions of the diffraction data from the processing programs. Coupled with experiments at different detector distances, it allows for the acquisition of decontaminated data. Studies of several single crystals have shown that this approach increases data quality, highlighted by the improvement in internal agreement factor with the test case of cytidine presented herein.
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