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Günther B, Gradl R, Jud C, Eggl E, Huang J, Kulpe S, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. The versatile X-ray beamline of the Munich Compact Light Source: design, instrumentation and applications. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1395-1414. [PMID: 32876618 PMCID: PMC7467334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse Compton scattering provides means to generate low-divergence partially coherent quasi-monochromatic, i.e. synchrotron-like, X-ray radiation on a laboratory scale. This enables the transfer of synchrotron techniques into university or industrial environments. Here, the Munich Compact Light Source is presented, which is such a compact synchrotron radiation facility based on an inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS). The recent improvements of the ICS are reported first and then the various experimental techniques which are most suited to the ICS installed at the Technical University of Munich are reviewed. For the latter, a multipurpose X-ray application beamline with two end-stations was designed. The beamline's design and geometry are presented in detail including the different set-ups as well as the available detector options. Application examples of the classes of experiments that can be performed are summarized afterwards. Among them are dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based phase-contrast imaging, X-ray microtomography, K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, plans to upgrade the beamline in order to enhance its capabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kulpe
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Dombrowsky AC, Burger K, Porth AK, Stein M, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Feuchtinger A, Bartzsch S, Beyreuther E, Combs SE, Pfeiffer F, Wilkens JJ, Schmid TE. A proof of principle experiment for microbeam radiation therapy at the Munich compact light source. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:111-120. [PMID: 31655869 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a preclinical form of spatially fractionated radiotherapy, uses an array of microbeams of hard synchrotron X-ray radiation. Recently, compact synchrotron X-ray sources got more attention as they provide essential prerequisites for the translation of MRT into clinics while overcoming the limited access to synchrotron facilities. At the Munich compact light source (MuCLS), one of these novel compact X-ray facilities, a proof of principle experiment was conducted applying MRT to a xenograft tumor mouse model. First, subcutaneous tumors derived from the established squamous carcinoma cell line FaDu were irradiated at a conventional X-ray tube using broadbeam geometry to determine a suitable dose range for the tumor growth delay. For irradiations at the MuCLS, FaDu tumors were irradiated with broadbeam and microbeam irradiation at integral doses of either 3 Gy or 5 Gy and tumor growth delay was measured. Microbeams had a width of 50 µm and a center-to-center distance of 350 µm with peak doses of either 21 Gy or 35 Gy. A dose rate of up to 5 Gy/min was delivered to the tumor. Both doses and modalities delayed the tumor growth compared to a sham-irradiated tumor. The irradiated area and microbeam pattern were verified by staining of the DNA double-strand break marker γH2AX. This study demonstrates for the first time that MRT can be successfully performed in vivo at compact inverse Compton sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annique C Dombrowsky
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Burger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Porth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon Stein
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (dktk), Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiobiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Günther B, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F. Device for source position stabilization and beam parameter monitoring at inverse Compton X-ray sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1546-1553. [PMID: 31490142 PMCID: PMC6730616 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compact X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering provide brilliant and partially coherent X-rays in a laboratory environment. The cross section for inverse Compton scattering is very small, requiring high-power laser systems as well as small laser and electron beam sizes at the interaction point to generate sufficient flux. Therefore, these systems are very sensitive to distortions which change the overlap between the two beams. In order to monitor X-ray source position, size and flux in parallel to experiments, the beam-position monitor proposed here comprises a small knife edge whose image is acquired with an X-ray camera specifically designed to intercept only a very small fraction of the X-ray beam. Based on the source position drift recorded with the monitor, a closed-loop feedback stabilizes the X-ray source position by adjusting the laser beam trajectory. A decrease of long-term source position drifts by more than one order of magnitude is demonstrated with this device. Consequently, such a closed-loop feedback system which enables stabilization of source position drifts and flux of inverse Compton sources in parallel to experiments has a significant impact on the performance of these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
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Gradl R, Dierolf M, Yang L, Hehn L, Günther B, Möller W, Kutschke D, Stoeger T, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Donnelley M, Pfeiffer F, Schmid O, Morgan KS. Visualizing treatment delivery and deposition in mouse lungs using in vivo x-ray imaging. J Control Release 2019; 307:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sharma R, Sharma SD, Sarkar PS, Singh B, Agrawal AK, Datta D. Phantom-Based Feasibility Studies on Phase-Contrast Mammography at Indian Synchrotron Facility Indus-2. J Med Phys 2019; 44:39-48. [PMID: 30983770 PMCID: PMC6438051 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_98_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Use of synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray source in medical imaging has shown great potential for improving soft-tissue image contrast such as the breast. The present study demonstrates quantitative X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) technique derived from propagation-dependent phase change observed in the breast tissue-equivalent test materials. Materials and Methods: Indian synchrotron facility (Indus-2, Raja Ramanna Centre of Advanced Technology [RRCAT]) was used to carry out phantom feasibility study on phase-contrast mammography. Different phantoms and samples, including locally fabricated breast tissue-equivalent phantoms were used to perform absorption and phase mode imaging using 12 and 16 keV SR X-ray beam. Edge-enhancement index (EEI) and edge enhancement to noise ratio (EE/N) were measured for all the images. Absorbed dose to air values were calculated for 12 and 16 keV SR X-ray beam using the measured SR X-ray photon flux at the object plane and by applying the standard radiation dosimetry formalism. Results and Conclusion: It was observed in case of all the phantoms and test samples that EEI and EE/N values are relatively higher for images taken in the phase mode. The absorbed dose to air at imaging plane was found to be 75.59 mGy and 28.9 mGy for 12 and 16 keV SR energies, respectively. However, these dose values can be optimized by reducing the image acquisition time without compromising the image quality when clinical samples are imaged. This work demonstrates the feasibility of XPCI in mammography using 12 and 16 keV SR X-ray beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sharma
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, CT and CRS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Atomic Energy, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S D Sharma
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, CT and CRS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Atomic Energy, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Sarkar
- Department of Atomic Energy, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Division of Technical Physics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Singh
- Division of Technical Physics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Agrawal
- Division of Technical Physics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Datta
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, CT and CRS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Atomic Energy, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Chi Z, Du Y, Yan L, Wang D, Zhang H, Huang W, Tang C. Experimental feasibility of dual-energy computed tomography based on the Thomson scattering X-ray source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1797-1802. [PMID: 30407192 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518012663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike large-scale and expensive synchrotron radiation facilities, the Thomson scattering X-ray source can provide quasi-monochromatic, energy-tunable and high-brightness X-ray pulses with a small footprint and moderate cost, making it an excellent candidate for dual-energy and multi-energy imaging at laboratories and hospitals. Here, the first feasibility study on dual-energy computed tomography (CT) based on this type of light source is reported, and the effective atomic number and electron-density distribution of a standard phantom consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, water and aluminium is derived. The experiment was carried out at the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source with peak energies of 29 keV and 68 keV. Both the reconstructed effective atomic numbers and the retrieved electron densities of the three materials were compared with their theoretical values. It was found that these values were in agreement by 0.68% and 2.60% on average for effective atomic number and electron density, respectively. These results have verified the feasibility of dual-energy CT based on the Thomson scattering X-ray source and will further expand the scope of X-ray imaging using this type of light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Chi
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Du
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongze Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiang Tang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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7
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Pfeiffer F, Reiser M, Rummeny E. [X‑ray Phase Contrast : Principles, potential and advances in clinical translation]. Radiologe 2018; 58:218-225. [PMID: 29374312 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-018-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 years ago Max von Laue in Munich discovered that X‑rays can be interpreted not only as X‑ray quanta in a particle picture, but also show a wave character. This property has been used for a long time in basic research (e.g. in crystallography for determining the structure of proteins), but so far has had no application in medical imaging. In the last 10 years, however, very impressive technological progress could be made in preclinical research, which also makes the utilization of the wave character of X‑ray light possible for medical imaging. These novel radiography procedures, so-called phase-contrast and dark-field imaging, have a great potential for a pronounced improvement in X‑ray imaging and therefore, also the diagnosis of important diseases. This article describes the basic principles of these novel procedures, summarizes the preclinical research results already achieved exemplified by various organs and shows the potential for future clinical utilization in radiography and computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Department Physik & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland. .,Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland.
| | - M Reiser
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - E Rummeny
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
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8
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Trabecular bone anisotropy imaging with a compact laser-undulator synchrotron x-ray source. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14477. [PMID: 29101369 PMCID: PMC5670213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional x-ray radiography is a well-established standard in diagnostic imaging of human bones. It reveals typical bony anatomy with a strong surrounding cortical bone and trabecular structure of the inner part. However, due to limited spatial resolution, x-ray radiography cannot provide information on the microstructure of the trabecular bone. Thus, microfractures without dislocation are often missed in initial radiographs, resulting in a lack or delay of adequate therapy. Here we show that x-ray vector radiography (XVR) can overcome this limitation and allows for a deeper insight into the microstructure with a radiation exposure comparable to standard radiography. XVR senses x-ray ultrasmall-angle scattering in addition to the attenuation contrast and thereby reveals the mean scattering strength, its degree of anisotropy and the orientation of scattering structures. Corresponding to the structural characteristics of bones, there is a homogenous mean scattering signal of the trabecular bone but the degree of anisotropy is strongly affected by variations in the trabecular structure providing more detailed information on the bone microstructure. The measurements were performed at the Munich Compact Light Source, a novel type of x-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering. This laboratory-sized source produces highly brilliant quasi-monochromatic x-rays with a tunable energy.
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9
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Alam N, Choi M, Ghammraoui B, Dahal E, Badano A. Small-angle x-ray scattering cross-section measurements of imaging materials. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Chi Z, Yan L, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Wang D, Tian Q, Wang W, Nie Z, Zhang J, Du Y, Hua J, Shi J, Pai C, Lu W, Huang W, Chen H, Tang C. Diffraction based method to reconstruct the spectrum of the Thomson scattering x-ray source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:045110. [PMID: 28456250 DOI: 10.1063/1.4981131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As Thomson scattering x-ray sources based on the collision of intense laser and relativistic electrons have drawn much attention in various scientific fields, there is an increasing demand for the effective methods to reconstruct the spectrum information of the ultra-short and high-intensity x-ray pulses. In this paper, a precise spectrum measurement method for the Thomson scattering x-ray sources was proposed with the diffraction of a Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) crystal and was demonstrated at the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source. The x-ray pulse is diffracted by a 15 mm (L) ×15 mm (H)× 1 mm (D) HOPG crystal with 1° mosaic spread. By analyzing the diffraction pattern, both x-ray peak energies and energy spectral bandwidths at different polar angles can be reconstructed, which agree well with the theoretical value and simulation. The higher integral reflectivity of the HOPG crystal makes this method possible for single-shot measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Chi
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lianmin Zheng
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qili Tian
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zan Nie
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingchao Du
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfei Hua
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaru Shi
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chihao Pai
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaibi Chen
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanxiang Tang
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Wieczorek M, Schaff F, Pfeiffer F, Lasser T. Anisotropic X-Ray Dark-Field Tomography: A Continuous Model and its Discretization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:158101. [PMID: 27768366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The x-ray dark-field signal measured in grating interferometers is anisotropic, depending on both the beam direction and the grating orientation with respect to the sample. We present a novel general closed-form, continuous forward model of the anisotropic dark-field signal. Furthermore, we derive a discretization using spherical harmonics, leading to a large-scale linear inverse problem. We present first experimental results of a wooden sample, demonstrating marked advantages over previous results, in particular, the resolution of multiple scattering directions in one volume element.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wieczorek
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Schaff
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department and Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department and Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - T Lasser
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Eggl E, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Jud C, Günther B, Braig E, Gleich B, Pfeiffer F. The Munich Compact Light Source: initial performance measures. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1137-42. [PMID: 27577768 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751600967x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While large-scale synchrotron sources provide a highly brilliant monochromatic X-ray beam, these X-ray sources are expensive in terms of installation and maintenance, and require large amounts of space due to the size of storage rings for GeV electrons. On the other hand, laboratory X-ray tube sources can easily be implemented in laboratories or hospitals with comparatively little cost, but their performance features a lower brilliance and a polychromatic spectrum creates problems with beam hardening artifacts for imaging experiments. Over the last decade, compact synchrotron sources based on inverse Compton scattering have evolved as one of the most promising types of laboratory-scale X-ray sources: they provide a performance and brilliance that lie in between those of large-scale synchrotron sources and X-ray tube sources, with significantly reduced financial and spatial requirements. These sources produce X-rays through the collision of relativistic electrons with infrared laser photons. In this study, an analysis of the performance, such as X-ray flux, source size and spectra, of the first commercially sold compact light source, the Munich Compact Light Source, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eggl
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Braig
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Kashyap Y, Wang H, Sawhney K. Experimental comparison between speckle and grating-based imaging technique using synchrotron radiation X-rays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:18664-18673. [PMID: 27505829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.018664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast and dark-field imaging techniques provide important and complementary information that is inaccessible to the conventional absorption contrast imaging. Both grating-based imaging (GBI) and speckle-based imaging (SBI) are able to retrieve multi-modal images using synchrotron as well as lab-based sources. However, no systematic comparison has been made between the two techniques so far. We present an experimental comparison between GBI and SBI techniques with synchrotron radiation X-ray source. Apart from the simple experimental setup, we find SBI does not suffer from the issue of phase unwrapping, which can often be problematic for GBI. In addition, SBI is also superior to GBI since two orthogonal differential phase gradients can be simultaneously extracted by one dimensional scan. The GBI has less stringent requirements for detector pixel size and transverse coherence length when a second or third grating can be used. This study provides the reference for choosing the most suitable technique for diverse imaging applications at synchrotron facility.
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X-ray phase-contrast tomography with a compact laser-driven synchrotron source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5567-72. [PMID: 25902493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500938112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Between X-ray tubes and large-scale synchrotron sources, a large gap in performance exists with respect to the monochromaticity and brilliance of the X-ray beam. However, due to their size and cost, large-scale synchrotrons are not available for more routine applications in small and medium-sized academic or industrial laboratories. This gap could be closed by laser-driven compact synchrotron light sources (CLS), which use an infrared (IR) laser cavity in combination with a small electron storage ring. Hard X-rays are produced through the process of inverse Compton scattering upon the intersection of the electron bunch with the focused laser beam. The produced X-ray beam is intrinsically monochromatic and highly collimated. This makes a CLS well-suited for applications of more advanced--and more challenging--X-ray imaging approaches, such as X-ray multimodal tomography. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first results of a first successful demonstration experiment in which a monochromatic X-ray beam from a CLS was used for multimodal, i.e., phase-, dark-field, and attenuation-contrast, X-ray tomography. We show results from a fluid phantom with different liquids and a biomedical application example in the form of a multimodal CT scan of a small animal (mouse, ex vivo). The results highlight particularly that quantitative multimodal CT has become feasible with laser-driven CLS, and that the results outperform more conventional approaches.
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Yaroshenko A, Hellbach K, Bech M, Grandl S, Reiser MF, Pfeiffer F, Meinel FG. Grating-based X-ray dark-field imaging: a new paradigm in radiography. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-014-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Pelzer G, Weber T, Anton G, Ballabriga R, Bayer F, Campbell M, Gabor T, Haas W, Horn F, Llopart X, Michel N, Mollenbauer U, Rieger J, Ritter A, Ritter I, Sievers P, Wölfel S, Wong WS, Zang A, Michel T. Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging with a multi energy-channel photon-counting pixel detector. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:25677-25684. [PMID: 24216793 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.025677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out grating-based x-ray differential phase-contrast measurements with a hybrid pixel detector in 16 energy channels simultaneously. A method for combining the energy resolved phase-contrast images based on energy weighting is presented. An improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio by 58.2% with respect to an emulated integrating detector could be observed in the final image. The same image quality could thus be achieved with this detector and with energy weighting at 60.0% reduced dose compared to an integrating detector. The benefit of the method depends on the object, spectrum, interferometer design and the detector efficiency.
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Monochromatic computed tomography with a compact laser-driven X-ray source. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1313. [PMID: 23425949 PMCID: PMC3578269 DOI: 10.1038/srep01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser-driven electron-storage ring can produce nearly monochromatic, tunable X-rays in the keV energy regime by inverse Compton scattering. The small footprint, relative low cost and excellent beam quality provide the prospect for valuable preclinical use in radiography and tomography. The monochromaticity of the beam prevents beam hardening effects that are a serious problem in quantitative determination of absorption coefficients. These values are important e.g. for osteoporosis risk assessment. Here, we report quantitative computed tomography (CT) measurements using a laser-driven compact electron-storage ring X-ray source. The experimental results obtained for quantitative CT measurements on mass absorption coefficients in a phantom sample are compared to results from a rotating anode X-ray tube generator at various peak voltages. The findings confirm that a laser-driven electron-storage ring X-ray source can indeed yield much higher CT image quality, particularly if quantitative aspects of computed tomographic imaging are considered.
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Fu J, Schleede S, Tan R, Chen L, Bech M, Achterhold K, Gifford M, Loewen R, Ruth R, Pfeiffer F. An algebraic iterative reconstruction technique for differential X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. Z Med Phys 2012. [PMID: 23199611 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Iterative reconstruction has a wide spectrum of proven advantages in the field of conventional X-ray absorption-based computed tomography (CT). In this paper, we report on an algebraic iterative reconstruction technique for grating-based differential phase-contrast CT (DPC-CT). Due to the differential nature of DPC-CT projections, a differential operator and a smoothing operator are added to the iterative reconstruction, compared to the one commonly used for absorption-based CT data. This work comprises a numerical study of the algorithm and its experimental verification using a dataset measured at a two-grating interferometer setup. Since the algorithm is easy to implement and allows for the extension to various regularization possibilities, we expect a significant impact of the method for improving future medical and industrial DPC-CT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fu
- Research Center of Digital Radiation Imaging, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 100191 Beiijng, China.
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Emphysema diagnosis using X-ray dark-field imaging at a laser-driven compact synchrotron light source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:17880-5. [PMID: 23074250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206684109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In early stages of various pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema and fibrosis, the change in X-ray attenuation is not detectable with absorption-based radiography. To monitor the morphological changes that the alveoli network undergoes in the progression of these diseases, we propose using the dark-field signal, which is related to small-angle scattering in the sample. Combined with the absorption-based image, the dark-field signal enables better discrimination between healthy and emphysematous lung tissue in a mouse model. All measurements have been performed at 36 keV using a monochromatic laser-driven miniature synchrotron X-ray source (Compact Light Source). In this paper we present grating-based dark-field images of emphysematous vs. healthy lung tissue, where the strong dependence of the dark-field signal on mean alveolar size leads to improved diagnosis of emphysema in lung radiographs.
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