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Wollweber T, Ayyer K. Nanoscale x-ray imaging with high spectral sensitivity using fluorescence intensity correlations. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:024307. [PMID: 38638700 PMCID: PMC11026111 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces spectral incoherent diffractive imaging (SIDI) as a novel method for achieving dark-field imaging of nanostructures with heterogeneous oxidation states. With SIDI, shifts in photoemission profiles can be spatially resolved, enabling the independent imaging of the underlying emitter distributions contributing to each spectral line. In the x-ray domain, this approach offers unique insights beyond the conventional combination of diffraction and x-ray emission spectroscopy. When applied at x-ray free-electron lasers, SIDI promises to be a versatile tool for investigating a broad range of systems, offering unprecedented opportunities for detailed characterization of heterogeneous nanostructures for catalysis and energy storage, including of their ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kartik Ayyer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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2
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Novichkov D, Trigub A, Gerber E, Nevolin I, Romanchuk A, Matveev P, Kalmykov S. Laboratory-based X-ray spectrometer for actinide science. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1114-1126. [PMID: 37738030 PMCID: PMC10624025 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies nowadays are advanced characterization methods for fundamental and applied actinide research. One of the advantages of these methods is to reveal slight changes in the structural and electronic properties of radionuclides. The experiments are generally carried out at synchrotrons. However, considerable progress has been made to construct laboratory-based X-ray spectrometers for X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies. Laboratory spectrometers are reliable, effective and accessible alternatives to synchrotrons, especially for actinide research, which allow dispensing with high costs of the radioactive sample transport and synchrotron time. Moreover, data from laboratory spectrometers, obtained within a reasonable time, are comparable with synchrotron results. Thereby, laboratory spectrometers can complement synchrotrons or can be used for preliminary experiments to find perspective samples for synchrotron experiments with better resolution. Here, the construction and implementation of an X-ray spectrometer (LomonosovXAS) in Johann-geometry at a radiochemistry laboratory is reported. Examples are given of the application of LomonosovXAS to actinide systems relevant to the chemistry of f-elements, the physical chemistry of nuclear power engineering and the long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Novichkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Trigub
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Ploshchad Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Iurii Nevolin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Romanchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan Kalmykov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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3
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Kim JK, Dietl C, Kim HWJ, Ha SH, Kim J, Said AH, Kim J, Kim BJ. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering endstation at the 1C beamline of Pohang Light Source II. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:643-649. [PMID: 36947164 PMCID: PMC10161893 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An endstation for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), dedicated to operations in the hard X-ray regime, has been constructed at the 1C beamline of Pohang Light Source II. At the Ir L3-edge, a total energy resolution of 34.2 meV was achieved, close to the theoretical estimation of 34.0 meV, which considers factors such as the incident energy bandpass, intrinsic analyzer resolution, geometrical broadening of the spectrometer, finite beam-size effect and Johann aberration. The performance of the RIXS instrument is demonstrated by measuring the RIXS spectra of Sr2IrO4. The endstation can be easily reconfigured to measure energy-integrated intensities with very low background for diffuse scattering and diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kwang Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Dietl
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Ha
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman H Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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4
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Said AH, Kim JH, Aran EK, Gog T. Novel fabrication technique for high-resolution spherical crystal analyzers using a microporous aluminium base. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:749-754. [PMID: 35511007 PMCID: PMC9070708 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern inelastic X-ray spectrometers employ curved, bent and diced analyzers to capture sufficiently large solid angles of radially emitted scattered radiation emanating from the sample. Fabricating these intricate analyzers, especially when a high energy resolution of a few millielectronvolts is required, is very time-consuming, expensive and often a hit-or-miss affair. A novel fabrication technique is introduced, utilizing a concave-spherical, microporous aluminium base to hold an assembly of a thin glass substrate with a diced crystal wafer bonded to it. Under uniform vacuum forces, the glass substrate is drawn into the aluminium base, achieving the desired bending radius, while dicing of the diffracting crystal layer prevents bending strain from being imposed on the individual crystal pixels. This technique eliminates the need for permanently bonding the crystal assembly to the concave lens, offering the opportunity for correcting figure errors, avoiding long-term degradation of the permanent bond, and making both lens and crystal reusable. Process and material costs are thus substantially decreased. Two analyzers, Si(844) and Ge(337) with intrinsic resolutions of 14.6 meV and 36.5 meV, respectively, were produced in this fashion and characterized in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements. The achieved overall energy resolutions for both analyzers were 29.4 meV for Si(844) and 56.6 meV for Ge(337). Although the RIXS technique is veru sensitive to analyzer imperfections, the analyzers were found to be equal, if not superior, in quality to their traditional, permanently bonded counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H. Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Emily K. Aran
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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5
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Kwon G, Chang SH, Heo JE, Lee KJ, Kim JK, Cho BG, Koo TY, Kim BJ, Kim C, Lee JH, Bak SM, Beyer KA, Zhong H, Koch RJ, Hwang S, Utschig LM, Huang X, Hu G, Brudvig GW, Tiede DM, Kim J. Experimental Verification of Ir 5d Orbital States and Atomic Structures in Highly Active Amorphous Iridium Oxide Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Kwon
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Seo Hyoung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Heo
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jun Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwang Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Gwan Cho
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeong Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - B. J. Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanseok Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Bak
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kevin A. Beyer
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hui Zhong
- Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert J. Koch
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David M. Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jungho Kim
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Hill J, Campbell S, Carini G, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Chu Y, Fluerasu A, Fukuto M, Idir M, Jakoncic J, Jarrige I, Siddons P, Tanabe T, Yager KG. Future trends in synchrotron science at NSLS-II. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374008. [PMID: 32568740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarize briefly some of the future trends in synchrotron science as seen at the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a new, low emittance source recently commissioned at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We touch upon imaging techniques, the study of dynamics, the increasing use of multimodal approaches, the vital importance of data science, and other enabling technologies. Each are presently undergoing a time of rapid change, driving the field of synchrotron science forward at an ever increasing pace. It is truly an exciting time and one in which Roger Cowley, to whom this journal issue is dedicated, would surely be both invigorated by, and at the heart of.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hill
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Stuart Campbell
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Instrumentation Division (IO), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yong Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Mourad Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Siddons
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Toshi Tanabe
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
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7
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Gretarsson H, Ketenoglu D, Harder M, Mayer S, Dill FU, Spiwek M, Schulte-Schrepping H, Tischer M, Wille HC, Keimer B, Yavaş H. IRIXS: a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering instrument dedicated to X-rays in the intermediate energy range. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:538-544. [PMID: 32153295 PMCID: PMC7064114 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519017119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) instrument has been constructed at beamline P01 of the PETRA III synchrotron. This instrument has been named IRIXS (intermediate X-ray energy RIXS) and is dedicated to X-rays in the tender-energy regime (2.5-3.5 keV). The range covers the L2,3 absorption edges of many of the 4d elements (Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag), offering a unique opportunity to study their low-energy magnetic and charge excitations. The IRIXS instrument is currently operating at the Ru L3-edge (2840 eV) but can be extended to the other 4d elements using the existing concept. The incoming photons are monochromated with a four-bounce Si(111) monochromator, while the energy analysis of the outgoing photons is performed by a diced spherical crystal analyzer featuring (102) lattice planes of quartz (SiO2). A total resolution of 100 meV (full width at half-maximum) has been achieved at the Ru L3-edge, a number that is in excellent agreement with ray-tracing simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlynur Gretarsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Didem Ketenoglu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Uwe Dill
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Spiwek
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Tischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Keimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2757 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Jensen SC, Sullivan B, Hartzler DA, Pushkar Y. DIY XES - development of an inexpensive, versatile, and easy to fabricate XES analyzer and sample delivery system. X-RAY SPECTROMETRY : XRS 2019; 48:336-344. [PMID: 32606482 PMCID: PMC7326317 DOI: 10.1002/xrs.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has grown substantially with the development of X-ray free electron lasers, third and fourth generation synchrotron sources and high-power benchtop sources. By providing the high X-ray flux required for XES, these sources broaden the availability and application of this method of probing electronic structure. As the number of sources increase, so does the demand for X-ray emission detection and sample delivery systems that are cost effective and customizable. Here, we present a detailed fabrication protocol for von Hamos X-ray optics and give details for a 3D-printed spectrometer design. Additionally, we outline an automated, externally triggered liquid sample delivery system that can be used to repeatedly deliver nanoliter droplets onto a plastic substrate for measurement. These systems are both low cost, efficient and easy to recreate or modify depending on the application. A low cost multiple X-ray analyzer system enables measurement of dilute samples, whereas the sample delivery limits sample loss and replaces spent sample with fresh sample in the same position. While both systems can be used in a wide range of applications, the design addresses several challenges associated specifically with time-resolved XES (TRXES). As an example application, we show results from TRXES measurements of photosystem II, a dilute, photoactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel A Hartzler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abraham B, Nowak S, Weninger C, Armenta R, Defever J, Day D, Carini G, Nakahara K, Gallo A, Nelson S, Nordlund D, Kroll T, Hunter MS, van Driel T, Zhu D, Weng TC, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D. A high-throughput energy-dispersive tender X-ray spectrometer for shot-to-shot sulfur measurements. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:629-634. [PMID: 31074425 PMCID: PMC6510194 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An X-ray emission spectrometer that can detect the sulfur Kα emission lines with large throughput and a high energy resolution is presented. The instrument is based on a large d-spacing perfect Bragg analyzer that diffracts the sulfur Kα emission at close to backscattering angles. This facilitates the application of efficient concepts routinely employed in hard X-ray spectrometers towards the tender X-ray regime. The instrument described in this work is based on an energy-dispersive von Hamos geometry that is well suited for photon-in photon-out spectroscopy at X-ray free-electron laser and synchrotron sources. Comparison of its performance with previously used instrumentation is presented through measurements using sulfur-containing species performed at the LCLS. It is shown that the overall signal intensity is increased by a factor of ∼15. Implementation of this approach in the design of a tender X-ray spectroscopy endstation for LCLS-II is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baxter Abraham
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stanislaw Nowak
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca Armenta
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jim Defever
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David Day
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Kazutaka Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tim van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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10
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Ingold G, Abela R, Arrell C, Beaud P, Böhler P, Cammarata M, Deng Y, Erny C, Esposito V, Flechsig U, Follath R, Hauri C, Johnson S, Juranic P, Mancini GF, Mankowsky R, Mozzanica A, Oggenfuss RA, Patterson BD, Patthey L, Pedrini B, Rittmann J, Sala L, Savoini M, Svetina C, Zamofing T, Zerdane S, Lemke HT. Experimental station Bernina at SwissFEL: condensed matter physics on femtosecond time scales investigated by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:874-886. [PMID: 31074452 PMCID: PMC6510206 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900331x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Bernina instrument at the SwissFEL Aramis hard X-ray free-electron laser is designed for studying ultrafast phenomena in condensed matter and material science. Ultrashort pulses from an optical laser system covering a large wavelength range can be used to generate specific non-equilibrium states, whose subsequent temporal evolution can be probed by selective X-ray scattering techniques in the range 2-12 keV. For that purpose, the X-ray beamline is equipped with optical elements which tailor the X-ray beam size and energy, as well as with pulse-to-pulse diagnostics that monitor the X-ray pulse intensity, position, as well as its spectral and temporal properties. The experiments can be performed using multiple interchangeable endstations differing in specialization, diffractometer and X-ray analyser configuration and load capacity for specialized sample environment. After testing the instrument in a series of pilot experiments in 2018, regular user operation begins in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pirmin Böhler
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
| | - Yunpei Deng
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christian Erny
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Esposito
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Flechsig
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Follath
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hauri
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Steven Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavle Juranic
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Roman Mankowsky
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Mozzanica
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bill Pedrini
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rittmann
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Sala
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Svetina
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Zamofing
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Serhane Zerdane
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Till Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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11
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Jahrman EP, Holden WM, Ditter AS, Mortensen DR, Seidler GT, Fister TT, Kozimor SA, Piper LFJ, Rana J, Hyatt NC, Stennett MC. An improved laboratory-based x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray emission spectrometer for analytical applications in materials chemistry research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:024106. [PMID: 30831699 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) are advanced x-ray spectroscopies that impact a wide range of disciplines. However, unlike the majority of other spectroscopic methods, XAFS and XES are accompanied by an unusual access model, wherein the dominant use of the technique is for premier research studies at world-class facilities, i.e., synchrotron x-ray light sources. In this paper, we report the design and performance of an improved XAFS and XES spectrometer based on the general conceptual design of Seidler et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 113906 (2014)]. New developments include reduced mechanical degrees of freedom, much-increased flux, and a wider Bragg angle range to enable extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement and analysis for the first time with this type of modern laboratory XAFS configuration. This instrument enables a new class of routine applications that are incompatible with the mission and access model of the synchrotron light sources. To illustrate this, we provide numerous examples of x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), EXAFS, and XES results for a variety of problems and energy ranges. Highlights include XAFS and XES measurements of battery electrode materials, EXAFS of Ni with full modeling of results to validate monochromator performance, valence-to-core XES for 3d transition metal compounds, and uranium XANES and XES for different oxidation states. Taken en masse, these results further support the growing perspective that modern laboratory-based XAFS and XES have the potential to develop a new branch of analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Jahrman
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - William M Holden
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Devon R Mortensen
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Timothy T Fister
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Louis F J Piper
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jatinkumar Rana
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Sheffield, Mapping Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Stennett
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Sheffield, Mapping Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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12
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Macrander A, Pereira N, Stoeckl C, Huang X, Kasman E. Quartz conditioning crystal for X-ray rocking curve topography. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057671801823x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A large α-quartz crystal designed to condition the monochromatic beam at beamline 1-BM of the Advanced Photon Source is presented. The purpose of this crystal was to provide a precise match to the Bragg angle of quartz crystals that are commonly used to make analyzers for plasma diagnostics. In order to characterize these analyzers, area detectors need to be positioned at distances from the analyzer at upwards of 1000 mm. As a result of this precise matching, a Bragg-reflected beam from such an analyzer is precisely parallel to the beam incident on the conditioning crystal. This situation alleviates the need to adjust the position of the area detector as the distance between the analyzer and the area detector is varied. That is, there is no need to account for vertical displacement of the diffracted-beam image as a function of this distance. Additionally, verification that the analyzer is set to the correct Bragg reflection is obtained by scanning this distance, because only for a spurious reflection will there be a vertical displacement. This is a very useful check. To commission the conditioning crystal, diffraction from a high-quality flat quartz crystal was mapped using a CCD. Bragg diffraction from the 40\overline 40 reflection at 8.5 keV was studied over an area of 23 × 31 mm. The theoretical Darwin width of the flat sample in this case was 4.7 µrad. An FWHM value near 6 µrad was measured over almost the entire mapped area. These data demonstrate that the resolution function for this four-crystal arrangement is ∼4 µrad. Data are also presented for a 0.1 mm-thick α-quartz wafer pressed into a concave form, having a nominal radius of 500 mm and intended for use as an analyzer. Because analyzers are bent crystals, diffraction occurs in narrow bands. When a multiple exposure is made as a function of rocking angle a striped pattern is obtained, which is commonly referred to as a zebra-stripe pattern. A series of zebra stripes from the 30\overline 3\overline 3 Bragg reflection of the bent wafer over its 25 mm-diameter area were recorded on a CCD. The zebra-stripe pattern was analyzed to show a uniform bending to a radius of 497.0 ± 0.3 mm, in support of the nominal value. An r.m.s. slope error of 7 µrad was also obtained from this analysis.
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13
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Ablett JM, Prieur D, Céolin D, Lassalle-Kaiser B, Lebert B, Sauvage M, Moreno T, Bac S, Balédent V, Ovono A, Morand M, Gélebart F, Shukla A, Rueff JP. The GALAXIES inelastic hard X-ray scattering end-station at Synchrotron SOLEIL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:263-271. [PMID: 30655494 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751801559x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
GALAXIES is an in-vacuum undulator hard X-ray micro-focused beamline dedicated to the study of the electronic structure of materials with high energy resolution using both photoelectron spectroscopy and inelastic X-ray scattering and under both non-resonant (NR-IXS) and resonant (RIXS) conditions. Due to the penetrating power of hard X-rays and the `photon-in/photon-out' technique, the sample environment is not a limitation. Materials under extreme conditions, for example in diamond anvil cells or catalysis chambers, thus constitute a major research direction. Here, the design and performance of the inelastic X-ray scattering end-station that operates in the energy range from ∼4 keV up to 12 keV is reported, and its capabilities are highlighted using a selection of data taken from recently performed experiments. The ability to scan `on the fly' the incident and scattered/emitted X-ray energies, and the sample position enables fast data collection and high experimental throughput. A diamond X-ray transmission phase retarder, which can be used to generate circularly polarized light, will also be discussed in the light of the recent RIXS-MCD approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ablett
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Prieur
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Lassalle-Kaiser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Lebert
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Sauvage
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Th Moreno
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Bac
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Balédent
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Ovono
- École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Limoges, France
| | - M Morand
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - F Gélebart
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Shukla
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J P Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Gog T, Casa DM, Knopp J, Kim J, Upton MH, Krakora R, Jaski A, Said A, Yavaş H, Gretarsson H, Huang XR. Performance of quartz- and sapphire-based double-crystal high-resolution (∼10 meV) RIXS monochromators under varying power loads. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1030-1035. [PMID: 29979164 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518005945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a novel, high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer, a flat-crystal-based quartz analyzer system has recently been demonstrated to provide an unprecedented intrinsic-energy resolution of 3.9 meV at the Ir L3 absorption edge (11.215 keV) [Kim et al. (2018) Sci. Rep. 8, 1958]. However, the overall instrument resolution was limited to 9.7 meV because of an 8.9 meV incident band pass, generated by the available high-resolution four-bounce Si(844) monochromator. In order to better match the potent resolving power of the novel analyzer with the energy band pass of the incident beam, a quartz(309)-based double-bounce, high-resolution monochromator was designed and implemented, expected to yield an overall instrument resolution of 6.0 meV. The choice of lower-symmetry quartz is very attractive because of its wealth of suitable near-backscattering reflections. However, it was found that during room-temperature operation typical levels of incident power, barely affecting the Si monochromator, caused substantial thermal distortions in the first crystal of the quartz monochromator, rendering it practically unusable. Finite-element analyses and heat-flow analyses corroborate this finding. As a high-flux, lower resolution (15.8 meV) alternative, a two-bounce sapphire(078) version was also tested and found to be less affected than quartz, but notably more than silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Diego M Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan Knopp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mary H Upton
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Richard Krakora
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alan Jaski
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ayman Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hlynur Gretarsson
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xian Rong Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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15
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Moretti Sala M, Martel K, Henriquet C, Al Zein A, Simonelli L, Sahle CJ, Gonzalez H, Lagier MC, Ponchut C, Huotari S, Verbeni R, Krisch M, Monaco G. A high-energy-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:580-591. [PMID: 29488940 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An end-station for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and (resonant) X-ray emission spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of ESRF - The European Synchrotron is presented. The spectrometer hosts five crystal analysers in Rowland geometry for large solid angle collection and is mounted on a rotatable arm for scattering in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The spectrometer is optimized for high-energy-resolution applications, including partial fluorescence yield or high-energy-resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the study of elementary electronic excitations in solids. In addition, it can be used for non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements of valence electron excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moretti Sala
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Martel
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Henriquet
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Al Zein
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Simonelli
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ch J Sahle
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - H Gonzalez
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M C Lagier
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Ponchut
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Huotari
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - R Verbeni
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Monaco
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Said AH, Gog T, Wieczorek M, Huang X, Casa D, Kasman E, Divan R, Kim JH. High-energy-resolution diced spherical quartz analyzers for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:373-377. [PMID: 29488915 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517018185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel diced spherical quartz analyzer for use in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is introduced, achieving an unprecedented energy resolution of 10.53 meV at the Ir L3 absorption edge (11.215 keV). In this work the fabrication process and the characterization of the analyzer are presented, and an example of a RIXS spectrum of magnetic excitations in a Sr3Ir2O7 sample is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | | | - XianRong Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Diego Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Elina Kasman
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Ralu Divan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
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17
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Huang XR, Gog T, Kim J, Kasman E, Said AH, Casa DM, Wieczorek M, Hönnicke MG, Assoufid L. Correct interpretation of diffraction properties of quartz crystals for X-ray optics applications. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717018155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quartz has hundreds of strong Bragg reflections that may offer a great number of choices for making fixed-angle X-ray analyzers and polarizers at virtually any hard X-ray energies with selectable resolution. However, quartz crystals, unlike silicon and germanium, are chiral and may thus appear in two different forms of handedness that are mirror images. Furthermore, because of the threefold rotational symmetry along thecaxis, the {h1h2h3L} and {h2h1h3L} Bragg reflections may have quite different Darwin bandwidth, reflectivity and angular acceptance, although they have the same Bragg angle. The design of X-ray optics from quartz crystals therefore requires unambiguous determination of the orientation, handedness and polarity of the crystals. The Laue method and single-axis diffraction technique can provide such information, but the variety of conventions used in the literature to describe quartz structures has caused widespread confusion. The current studies give detailed guidelines for design and fabrication of quartz X-ray optics, with special emphasis on the correct interpretation of Laue patterns in terms of the crystallography and diffraction properties of quartz. Meanwhile, the quartz crystals examined were confirmed by X-ray topography to have acceptably low densities of dislocations and other defects, which is the foundation for developing high-resolution quartz-based X-ray optics.
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18
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Pereira NR, Macrander AT. Note: Narrow x-ray reflections are easier to locate with sandpaper. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:026106. [PMID: 29495864 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotrons can provide almost perfectly unidirectional and monochromatic x-rays. Such x-rays reflect from ideal crystals only over a minute part of the angular range that must be searched for the reflection. Spoiling the incoming x-rays' directionality with sandpaper makes it easier to find the reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Pereira
- Ecopulse, Inc., 7844 Vervain Ct, Springfield, Virginia 22152, USA
| | - A T Macrander
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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19
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Kim J, Casa D, Said A, Krakora R, Kim BJ, Kasman E, Huang X, Gog T. Quartz-based flat-crystal resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectrometer with sub-10 meV energy resolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1958. [PMID: 29386577 PMCID: PMC5792644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued improvement of the energy resolution of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometers is crucial for fulfilling the potential of this technique in the study of electron dynamics in materials of fundamental and technological importance. In particular, RIXS is the only alternative tool to inelastic neutron scattering capable of providing fully momentum resolved information on dynamic spin structures of magnetic materials, but is limited to systems whose magnetic excitation energy scales are comparable to the energy resolution. The state-of-the-art spherical diced crystal analyzer optics provides energy resolution as good as 25 meV but has already reached its theoretical limit. Here, we demonstrate a novel sub-10 meV RIXS spectrometer based on flat-crystal optics at the Ir-L3 absorption edge (11.215 keV) that achieves an analyzer energy resolution of 3.9 meV, very close to the theoretical value of 3.7 meV. In addition, the new spectrometer allows efficient polarization analysis without loss of energy resolution. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated using longitudinal acoustical and optical phonons in diamond, and magnon in Sr3Ir2O7. The novel sub-10 meV RIXS spectrometer thus provides a window into magnetic materials with small energy scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States.
| | - D Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Ayman Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Rich Krakora
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elina Kasman
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Xianrong Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - T Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States.
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20
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Direct experimental observation of the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state in the lacunar spinel GaTa 4Se 8. Nat Commun 2017; 8:782. [PMID: 28978909 PMCID: PMC5627251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong spin–orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of t2g orbitals in 5d transition-metal systems, leaving a Kramers doublet and quartet with effective angular momentum of Jeff = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. These spin–orbit entangled states can host exotic quantum phases such as topological Mott state, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid. The lacunar spinel GaTa4Se8 was theoretically predicted to form the molecular Jeff = 3/2 ground state. Experimental verification of its existence is an important first step to exploring the consequences of the Jeff = 3/2 state. Here, we report direct experimental evidence of the Jeff = 3/2 state in GaTa4Se8 by means of excitation spectra of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the Ta L3 and L2 edges. We find that the excitations involving the Jeff = 1/2 molecular orbital are absent only at the Ta L2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular Jeff = 3/2 ground state in GaTa4Se8. The strong interaction between electron spin and orbital degrees of freedom in 5d oxides can lead to exotic electronic ground states. Here the authors use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to demonstrate that the theoretically proposed Jeff = 3/2 state is realised in GaTa4Se8.
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21
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Shen G, Mao HK. High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016101. [PMID: 27873767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/1/016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; and synchrotron x-ray techniques, to probe materials' properties in situ, has enabled the exploration of rich high-pressure (HP) science. In this article, we first introduce the essential concept of diamond anvil cell technology, together with recent developments and its integration with other extreme environments. We then provide an overview of the latest developments in HP synchrotron techniques, their applications, and current problems, followed by a discussion of HP scientific studies using x-rays in the key multidisciplinary fields. These HP studies include: HP x-ray emission spectroscopy, which provides information on the filled electronic states of HP samples; HP x-ray Raman spectroscopy, which probes the HP chemical bonding changes of light elements; HP electronic inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which accesses high energy electronic phenomena, including electronic band structure, Fermi surface, excitons, plasmons, and their dispersions; HP resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which probes shallow core excitations, multiplet structures, and spin-resolved electronic structure; HP nuclear resonant x-ray spectroscopy, which provides phonon densities of state and time-resolved Mössbauer information; HP x-ray imaging, which provides information on hierarchical structures, dynamic processes, and internal strains; HP x-ray diffraction, which determines the fundamental structures and densities of single-crystal, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline, and non-crystalline materials; and HP radial x-ray diffraction, which yields deviatoric, elastic and rheological information. Integrating these tools with hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure media, laser and resistive heating, and cryogenic cooling, has enabled investigations of the structural, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials over a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, USA
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22
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Schwalenstocker K, Paudel J, Kohn AW, Dong C, Van Heuvelen KM, Farquhar ER, Li F. Cobalt Kβ valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy: a study of low-spin octahedral cobalt(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14191-202. [PMID: 27533922 PMCID: PMC5021618 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02413k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kβ valence-to-core (V2C) X-emission spectroscopy (XES) has gained prominence as a tool for molecular inorganic chemists to probe the occupied valence orbitals of coordination complexes, as illustrated by recent evaluation of Kβ V2C XES ranging from titanium to iron. However, cobalt Kβ V2C XES has not been studied in detail, limiting the application of this technique to probe cobalt coordination in molecular catalysts and bioinorganic systems. In addition, the community still lacks a complete understanding of all factors that dictate the V2C peak area. In this manuscript, we report experimental cobalt Kβ V2C XES spectra of low-spin octahedral Co(iii) complexes with different ligand donors, in conjunction with DFT calculations. Cobalt Kβ V2C XES was demonstrated to be sensitive to cobalt-ligand coordination environments. Notably, we recognize here for the first time that there is a linear correlation between the V2C area and the spectrochemical series for low-spin octahedral cobalt(iii) complexes, with strong field π acceptor ligands giving rise to the largest V2C area. This unprecedented correlation is explained by invoking different levels of π-interaction between cobalt p orbitals and ligand orbitals that modulate the percentage of cobalt p orbital character in donor MOs, in combination with changes in the average cobalt-ligand distance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Paudel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM 88003
| | | | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM 88003
| | | | - Erik R. Farquhar
- CWRU Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM 88003
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23
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Honnicke MG, Bianco LM, Ceppi SA, Cusatis C, Huang X, Cai YQ, Stutz GE. Construction of a quartz spherical analyzer: application to high-resolution analysis of the NiKα emission spectrum. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction and characterization of a focusing X-ray spherical analyzer based on α-quartz 4{\bar 4}04 are presented. The performance of the analyzer was demonstrated by applying it to a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy study of theKα1,2emission spectrum of Ni. An analytical representation based on physical grounds was assumed to model the shape of the X-ray emission lines. Satellite structures assigned to 3dspectator hole transitions were resolved and determined as well as their relative contribution to the emission spectrum. The present results on 1s−13d−1shake probabilities support a recently proposed calculation framework based on a multi-configuration atomic model.
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24
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A Practical Guide to High-resolution X-ray Spectroscopic Measurements and their Applications in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Kim J, Shi X, Casa D, Qian J, Huang X, Gog T. Collimating Montel mirror as part of a multi-crystal analyzer system for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:880-886. [PMID: 27359136 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516007426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) have come in lockstep with improvements in energy resolution. Currently, the best energy resolution at the Ir L3-edge stands at ∼25 meV, which is achieved using a diced Si(844) spherical crystal analyzer. However, spherical analyzers are limited by their intrinsic reflection width. A novel analyzer system using multiple flat crystals provides a promising way to overcome this limitation. For the present design, an energy resolution at or below 10 meV was selected. Recognizing that the angular acceptance of flat crystals is severely limited, a collimating element is essential to achieve the necessary solid-angle acceptance. For this purpose, a laterally graded, parabolic, multilayer Montel mirror was designed for use at the Ir L3-absorption edge. It provides an acceptance larger than 10 mrad, collimating the reflected X-ray beam to smaller than 100 µrad, in both vertical and horizontal directions. The performance of this mirror was studied at beamline 27-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. X-rays from a diamond (111) monochromator illuminated a scattering source of diameter 5 µm, generating an incident beam on the mirror with a well determined divergence of 40 mrad. A flat Si(111) crystal after the mirror served as the divergence analyzer. From X-ray measurements, ray-tracing simulations and optical metrology results, it was established that the Montel mirror satisfied the specifications of angular acceptance and collimation quality necessary for a high-resolution RIXS multi-crystal analyzer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xianbo Shi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Diego Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jun Qian
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - XianRong Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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26
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Seidler GT, Mortensen DR, Ditter AS, Ball NA, Remesnik AJ. A Modern Laboratory XAFS Cookbook. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Ding Y, Yang L, Chen CC, Kim HS, Han MJ, Luo W, Feng Z, Upton M, Casa D, Kim J, Gog T, Zeng Z, Cao G, Mao HK, van Veenendaal M. Pressure-Induced Confined Metal from the Mott Insulator Sr_{3}Ir_{2}O_{7}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:216402. [PMID: 27284666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr_{3}Ir_{2}O_{7} provides a fascinating playground to explore insulator-metal transition driven by intertwined charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. Here, we report high-pressure electric resistance and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements on single-crystal Sr_{3}Ir_{2}O_{7} up to 63-65 GPa at 300 K. The material becomes a confined metal at 59.5 GPa, showing metallicity in the ab plane but an insulating behavior along the c axis. Such an unusual phenomenon resembles the strange metal phase in cuprate superconductors. Since there is no sign of the collapse of spin-orbit or Coulomb interactions in x-ray measurements, this novel insulator-metal transition is potentially driven by a first-order structural change at nearby pressures. Our discovery points to a new approach for synthesizing functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- HPSynC, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Liuxiang Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- HPSynC, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Chien Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Heung-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joon Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Luo
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Mary Upton
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Diego Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhidan Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- HPSynC, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- HPSynC, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | - Michel van Veenendaal
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois 60115, USA
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28
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Ketenoglu D, Harder M, Klementiev K, Upton M, Taherkhani M, Spiwek M, Dill FU, Wille HC, Yavaş H. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer with 25 meV resolution at the Cu K-edge. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:961-7. [PMID: 26134800 PMCID: PMC4787028 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515009686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An unparalleled resolution is reported with an inelastic X-ray scattering instrument at the Cu K-edge. Based on a segmented concave analyzer, featuring single-crystal quartz (SiO₂) pixels, the spectrometer delivers a resolution near 25 meV (FWHM) at 8981 eV. Besides the quartz analyzer, the performance of the spectrometer relies on a four-bounce Si(553) high-resolution monochromator and focusing Kirkpatrick-Baez optics. The measured resolution agrees with the ray-tracing simulation of an ideal spectrometer. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by reproducing the phonon dispersion curve of a beryllium single-crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ketenoglu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Experimentelle Physik I, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Mary Upton
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mehran Taherkhani
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Spiwek
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Uwe Dill
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Kroll T, Hadt RG, Wilson SA, Lundberg M, Yan JJ, Weng TC, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R, Casa D, Upton MH, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Solomon EI. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on ferrous and ferric bis-imidazole porphyrin and cytochrome c: nature and role of the axial methionine-Fe bond. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:18087-99. [PMID: 25475739 PMCID: PMC4291809 DOI: 10.1021/ja5100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Axial Cu-S(Met) bonds in electron transfer (ET) active sites are generally found to lower their reduction potentials. An axial S(Met) bond is also present in cytochrome c (cyt c) and is generally thought to increase the reduction potential. The highly covalent nature of the porphyrin environment in heme proteins precludes using many spectroscopic approaches to directly study the Fe site to experimentally quantify this bond. Alternatively, L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) enables one to directly focus on the 3d-orbitals in a highly covalent environment and has previously been successfully applied to porphyrin model complexes. However, this technique cannot be extended to metalloproteins in solution. Here, we use metal K-edge XAS to obtain L-edge like data through 1s2p resonance inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). It has been applied here to a bis-imidazole porphyrin model complex and cyt c. The RIXS data on the model complex are directly correlated to L-edge XAS data to develop the complementary nature of these two spectroscopic methods. Comparison between the bis-imidazole model complex and cyt c in ferrous and ferric oxidation states show quantitative differences that reflect differences in axial ligand covalency. The data reveal an increased covalency for the S(Met) relative to N(His) axial ligand and a higher degree of covalency for the ferric states relative to the ferrous states. These results are reproduced by DFT calculations, which are used to evaluate the thermodynamics of the Fe-S(Met) bond and its dependence on redox state. These results provide insight into a number of previous chemical and physical results on cyt c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kroll
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Seidler GT, Mortensen DR, Remesnik AJ, Pacold JI, Ball NA, Barry N, Styczinski M, Hoidn OR. A laboratory-based hard x-ray monochromator for high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near edge structure measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:113906. [PMID: 25430123 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a laboratory-based Rowland-circle monochromator that incorporates a low power x-ray (bremsstrahlung) tube source, a spherically bent crystal analyzer, and an energy-resolving solid-state detector. This relatively inexpensive, introductory level instrument achieves 1-eV energy resolution for photon energies of ∼5 keV to ∼10 keV while also demonstrating a net efficiency previously seen only in laboratory monochromators having much coarser energy resolution. Despite the use of only a compact, air-cooled 10 W x-ray tube, we find count rates for nonresonant x-ray emission spectroscopy comparable to those achieved at monochromatized spectroscopy beamlines at synchrotron light sources. For x-ray absorption near edge structure, the monochromatized flux is small (due to the use of a low-powered x-ray generator) but still useful for routine transmission-mode studies of concentrated samples. These results indicate that upgrading to a standard commercial high-power line-focused x-ray tube or rotating anode x-ray generator would result in monochromatized fluxes of order 10(6)-10(7) photons/s with no loss in energy resolution. This work establishes core technical capabilities for a rejuvenation of laboratory-based hard x-ray spectroscopies that could have special relevance for contemporary research on catalytic or electrical energy storage systems using transition-metal, lanthanide, or noble-metal active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - D R Mortensen
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - A J Remesnik
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - J I Pacold
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - N A Ball
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - N Barry
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - M Styczinski
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - O R Hoidn
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
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31
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Kim J, Daghofer M, Said AH, Gog T, van den Brink J, Khaliullin G, Kim BJ. Excitonic quasiparticles in a spin–orbit Mott insulator. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4453. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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32
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Mortensen DR, Seidler GT, Bradley JA, Lipp MJ, Evans WJ, Chow P, Xiao YM, Boman G, Bowden ME. A versatile medium-resolution x-ray emission spectrometer for diamond anvil cell applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:083908. [PMID: 24007080 DOI: 10.1063/1.4819257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present design and performance details for a polycapillary-coupled x-ray spectrometer that provides very high collection efficiency at a moderate energy resolution suitable for many studies of nonresonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, especially for samples of heavy elements under high pressures. Using a single Bragg analyzer operating close to backscattering geometry so as to minimize the effect of the weak divergence of the quasicollimated exit beam from the polycapillary optic, this instrument can maintain a typical energy resolution of 5 eV over photon energies from 5 keV to 10 keV. We find dramatically improved count rates as compared to a traditional higher-resolution instrument based on a single spherically bent crystal analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Mortensen
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
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33
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Sokaras D, Weng TC, Nordlund D, Alonso-Mori R, Velikov P, Wenger D, Garachtchenko A, George M, Borzenets V, Johnson B, Rabedeau T, Bergmann U. A seven-crystal Johann-type hard x-ray spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:053102. [PMID: 23742527 PMCID: PMC4108715 DOI: 10.1063/1.4803669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a multicrystal Johann-type hard x-ray spectrometer (~5-18 keV) recently developed, installed, and operated at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. The instrument is set at the wiggler beamline 6-2 equipped with two liquid nitrogen cooled monochromators--Si(111) and Si(311)--as well as collimating and focusing optics. The spectrometer consists of seven spherically bent crystal analyzers placed on intersecting vertical Rowland circles of 1 m of diameter. The spectrometer is scanned vertically capturing an extended backscattering Bragg angular range (88°-74°) while maintaining all crystals on the Rowland circle trace. The instrument operates in atmospheric pressure by means of a helium bag and when all the seven crystals are used (100 mm of projected diameter each), has a solid angle of about 0.45% of 4π sr. The typical resolving power is in the order of E/ΔE ~ 10,000. The spectrometer's high detection efficiency combined with the beamline 6-2 characteristics permits routine studies of x-ray emission, high energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of very diluted samples as well as implementation of demanding in situ environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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