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Morris JJ, Bowen CR, Coulson BA, Eaton M, Raithby PR, Saunders LK, Skelton JM, Wang Q, Warren MR, Zhang Y, Hatcher LE. Exploring Pyroelectricity, Thermal and Photochemical Switching in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Crystal by In Situ X-Ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401552. [PMID: 38497693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The switching behavior of the novel hybrid material (FA)Na[Fe(CN)5(NO)].H2O (1) in response to temperature (T), light irradiation and electric field (E) is studied using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystals of 1 display piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, second and third harmonic generation. XRD shows that the FA+ are disordered at room-temperature, but stepwise cooling from 273-100 K induces gradual ordering, while cooling under an applied field (E=+40 kVcm-1) induces a sudden phase change at 140 K. Structural-dynamics calculations suggest the field pushes the system into a region of the structural potential-energy surface that is otherwise inaccessible, demonstrating that application of T and E offers an effective route to manipulating the crystal chemistry of these materials. Photocrystallography also reveals photoinduced linkage isomerism, which coexists with but is not correlated to other switching behaviors. These experiments highlight a new approach to in situ studies of hybrid materials, providing insight into the structure-property relationships that underpin their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Morris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
| | - Chris R Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ben A Coulson
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
| | - Mark Eaton
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lucy K Saunders
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mark R Warren
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lauren E Hatcher
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
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Saunders LK, Irving D, Chater PA, Diaz-Lopez M. Noncovalent bonding assessment by pair distribution function. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:356-369. [PMID: 37158101 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions are essential in the formation and properties of a diverse range of materials. However, reliably identifying noncovalent interactions remains challenging using conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction, especially in nanocrystalline, poorly crystalline or amorphous materials which lack long-range lattice periodicity. Here, we demonstrate the accurate determination of deviations in the local structure and tilting of aromatic rings during the temperature-induced first order structural transition in the 1 : 1 adduct of 4,4'-bipyridinium squarate (BIPY:SQA) from the low temperature form HAZFAP01 to high temperature HAZFAP07 by X-ray pair distribution function. This work demonstrates how pair distribution function analyses can improve our understanding of local structural deviations resulting from noncovalent bonds and guide the development of novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Saunders
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Daniel Irving
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Maria Diaz-Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
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