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Mattern M, von Reppert A, Zeuschner SP, Herzog M, Pudell JE, Bargheer M. Concepts and use cases for picosecond ultrasonics with x-rays. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100503. [PMID: 37275326 PMCID: PMC10238750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses picosecond ultrasonics experiments using ultrashort hard x-ray probe pulses to extract the transient strain response of laser-excited nanoscopic structures from Bragg-peak shifts. This method provides direct, layer-specific, and quantitative information on the picosecond strain response for structures down to few-nm thickness. We model the transient strain using the elastic wave equation and express the driving stress using Grüneisen parameters stating that the laser-induced stress is proportional to energy density changes in the microscopic subsystems of the solid, i.e., electrons, phonons and spins. The laser-driven strain response can thus serve as an ultrafast proxy for local energy-density and temperature changes, but we emphasize the importance of the nanoscale morphology for an accurate interpretation due to the Poisson effect. The presented experimental use cases encompass ultrathin and opaque metal-heterostructures, continuous and granular nanolayers as well as negative thermal expansion materials, that each pose a challenge to established all-optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mattern
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Peer Zeuschner
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Herzog
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan-Etienne Pudell
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Burian M, Marmiroli B, Radeticchio A, Morello C, Naumenko D, Biasiol G, Amenitsch H. Picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Elettra SAXS beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:51-59. [PMID: 31868736 PMCID: PMC6927520 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new setup for picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste is presented. A high-power/high-repetion-rate laser has been installed on-site, delivering UV/VIS/IR femtosecond-pulses in-sync with the storage ring. Data acquisition is achieved by gating a multi-panel detector, capable of discriminating the single X-ray pulse in the dark-gap of the Elettra hybrid filling mode. Specific aspects of laser- and detection-synchronization, on-line beam steering as well protocols for spatial and temporal overlap of laser and X-ray beam are also described. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by studying transient heat-transfer in an In/Al/GaAs superlattice structure and results are confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Radeticchio
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Morello
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM at Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Sander M, Bauer R, Kabanova V, Levantino M, Wulff M, Pfuetzenreuter D, Schwarzkopf J, Gaal P. Demonstration of a picosecond Bragg switch for hard X-rays in a synchrotron-based pump-probe experiment. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1253-1259. [PMID: 31274451 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A benchmark experiment is reported that demonstrates the shortening of hard X-ray pulses in a synchrotron-based optical pump-X-ray probe measurement. The pulse-shortening device is a photoacoustic Bragg switch that reduces the temporal resolution of an incident X-ray pulse to approximately 7.5 ps. The Bragg switch is employed to monitor propagating sound waves in nanometer thin epitaxial films. From the experimental data, the pulse duration, diffraction efficiency and switching contrast of the device can be inferred. A detailed efficiency analysis shows that the switch can deliver up to 109 photons s-1 in high-repetition-rate synchrotron experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Sander
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roman Bauer
- Tailored X-ray Products gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Kabanova
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Levantino
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jutta Schwarzkopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Gaal
- Tailored X-ray Products gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Jarnac A, Wang X, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Kroon D, Persson AIH, Pham VT, Tu CM, Larsson J. Communication: Demonstration of a 20 ps X-ray switch based on a photoacoustic transducer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:051102. [PMID: 29085849 PMCID: PMC5630471 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied an X-ray switch based on a gold coated indium antimonide crystal using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and demonstrated that the switch could reduce the pulse duration of a 100 ps X-ray pulse down to 20 ps with a peak reflectivity of 8%. We have used a dynamical diffraction code to predict the performance of the switch, which was then confirmed experimentally. The experiment was carried out at the FemtoMAX beamline at the short-pulse facility of the MAX IV laboratory. The performance and limitation of the switch are discussed in terms of acoustic transport properties between the two materials and the electron transport properties of gold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Å U J Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A I H Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - V-T Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C M Tu
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Sander M, Herzog M, Pudell JE, Bargheer M, Weinkauf N, Pedersen M, Newby G, Sellmann J, Schwarzkopf J, Besse V, Temnov VV, Gaal P. Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Thermal Excitations in Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:075901. [PMID: 28949697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.075901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray reflectivity measurements of femtosecond laser-induced transient gratings (TG) are applied to demonstrate the spatiotemporal coherent control of thermally induced surface deformations on ultrafast time scales. Using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction we unambiguously measure the amplitude of transient surface deformations with sub-Å resolution. Understanding the dynamics of femtosecond TG excitations in terms of superposition of acoustic and thermal gratings makes it possible to develop new ways of coherent control in x-ray diffraction experiments. Being the dominant source of TG signal, the long-living thermal grating with spatial period Λ can be canceled by a second, time-delayed TG excitation shifted by Λ/2. The ultimate speed limits of such an ultrafast x-ray shutter are inferred from the detailed analysis of thermal and acoustic dynamics in TG experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sander
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Herzog
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J E Pudell
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Bargheer
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - N Weinkauf
- Institute for Solid State and Nanostructure Physics, Universität Hamburg, JungiusStraße 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Pedersen
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 23800 Grenoble, France
| | - G Newby
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 23800 Grenoble, France
| | - J Sellmann
- Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schwarzkopf
- Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Besse
- IMMM CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, 72085 Le Mans cedex, France
| | - V V Temnov
- IMMM CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, 72085 Le Mans cedex, France
- Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMaC), Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, CNRS UMR 8635, Université Paris-Sacley, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - P Gaal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute for Solid State and Nanostructure Physics, Universität Hamburg, JungiusStraße 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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Rutherford ME, Chapman DJ, White TG, Drakopoulos M, Rack A, Eakins DE. Evaluating scintillator performance in time-resolved hard X-ray studies at synchrotron light sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:685-93. [PMID: 27140147 PMCID: PMC4853870 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The short pulse duration, small effective source size and high flux of synchrotron radiation is ideally suited for probing a wide range of transient deformation processes in materials under extreme conditions. In this paper, the challenges of high-resolution time-resolved indirect X-ray detection are reviewed in the context of dynamic synchrotron experiments. In particular, the discussion is targeted at two-dimensional integrating detector methods, such as those focused on dynamic radiography and diffraction experiments. The response of a scintillator to periodic synchrotron X-ray excitation is modelled and validated against experimental data collected at the Diamond Light Source (DLS) and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). An upper bound on the dynamic range accessible in a time-resolved experiment for a given bunch separation is calculated for a range of scintillators. New bunch structures are suggested for DLS and ESRF using the highest-performing commercially available crystal LYSO:Ce, allowing time-resolved experiments with an interframe time of 189 ns and a maximum dynamic range of 98 (6.6 bits).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Rutherford
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J. Chapman
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas G. White
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Drakopoulos
- Diamond Light Source, I12 Joint Engineering, Environmental, Processing (JEEP) Beamline, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel E. Eakins
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Stepanov AG, Hauri CP. Short X-ray pulses from third-generation light sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:141-151. [PMID: 26698056 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515019281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-brightness X-ray radiation produced by third-generation synchrotron light sources (TGLS) has been used for numerous time-resolved investigations in many different scientific fields. The typical time duration of X-ray pulses delivered by these large-scale machines is about 50-100 ps. A growing number of time-resolved studies would benefit from X-ray pulses with two or three orders of magnitude shorter duration. Here, techniques explored in the past for shorter X-ray pulse emission at TGLS are reviewed and the perspective towards the realisation of picosecond and sub-picosecond X-ray pulses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Stepanov
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C P Hauri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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8
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Bojahr A, Gohlke M, Leitenberger W, Pudell J, Reinhardt M, von Reppert A, Roessle M, Sander M, Gaal P, Bargheer M. Second Harmonic Generation of Nanoscale Phonon Wave Packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:195502. [PMID: 26588396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.195502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phonons are often regarded as delocalized quasiparticles with certain energy and momentum. The anharmonic interaction of phonons determines macroscopic properties of the solid, such as thermal expansion or thermal conductivity, and a detailed understanding becomes increasingly important for functional nanostructures. Although phonon-phonon scattering processes depicted in simple wave-vector diagrams are the basis of theories describing these macroscopic phenomena, experiments directly accessing these coupling channels are scarce. We synthesize monochromatic acoustic phonon wave packets with only a few cycles to introduce nonlinear phononics as the acoustic counterpart to nonlinear optics. Control of the wave vector, bandwidth, and consequently spatial extent of the phonon wave packets allows us to observe nonlinear phonon interaction, in particular, second harmonic generation, in real time by wave-vector-sensitive Brillouin scattering with x-rays and optical photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bojahr
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Gohlke
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - W Leitenberger
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Pudell
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Reinhardt
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A von Reppert
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Roessle
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Sander
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Gaal
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bargheer
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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