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Luo JW, Hu Y, Liu J, Yang H, Huang P. Interleukin-22: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2021; 27:88. [PMID: 34388961 PMCID: PMC8362238 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease that is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and lipids in the vascular wall. In this review, we focus on the latest advance regarding the regulation and signaling pathways of IL-22 and highlight its impacts on atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY IL-22, an important member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is released by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex can trigger a diverse array of downstream signaling pathways, in particular the JAK/STAT, to induce the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, numerous studies suggest that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, hypertension, and cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes the development of atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, which may be a promising therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
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Arshad T, Mansur F, Palek R, Manzoor S, Liska V. A Double Edged Sword Role of Interleukin-22 in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2148. [PMID: 33042126 PMCID: PMC7527413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and tissue regeneration is an intricate biological process that involves repair of cellular damage and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cascades involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration highly overlap with cancer causing pathways. Usually, subsequent tissue damage events include release of a number of cytokines to accomplish post-trauma restoration. IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, accumulating evidence suggests pivotal role of IL-22 in instigation of various cancers due to its pro-inflammatory and tissue repairing activity. In this review, we summarize how healing effects of IL-22, when executed in an uncontrollable fashion can lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Arshad
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fizzah Mansur
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard Palek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Shohan M, Dehghani R, Khodadadi A, Dehnavi S, Ahmadi R, Joudaki N, Houshmandfar S, Shamshiri M, Shojapourian S, Bagheri N. Interleukin-22 and intestinal homeostasis: Protective or destructive? IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1585-1602. [PMID: 32365282 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a member of IL-10 family cytokines with various immunologic functions. As its name implies, IL-22 is known to be secreted mainly by Th22 cells, a recently discovered lineage of CD4+ T cells. Also, Th17, Th1, natural killer cells, γδT cells, and innate immune cells along with some nonlymphoid cells have been confirmed as secondary cellular sources of IL-22. Different cell types such as bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and tubular epithelial cells are affected by IL-22. Both pathologic and protective roles have been attributed to IL-22 in maintaining gut homeostasis and inflammation. According to the latest fast-growing investigations, IL-22 is significantly involved in various pathologies including allergic diseases, infection, autoimmunity, and cancer development. Regulating gut immune responses, barrier integrity, and inflammation is dependent on a diverse complex of cytokines and mediators which are secreted by mucosal immune cells. Several investigations have been designed to recognize the role of IL-22 in gastrointestinal immunity. This article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on this issue and clarify the potential of IL-22 to be used in the future therapeutic approaches of intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nazanin Joudaki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sheyda Houshmandfar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziye Shamshiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Shojapourian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Mendoza JL, Schneider WM, Hoffmann HH, Vercauteren K, Jude KM, Xiong A, Moraga I, Horton TM, Glenn JS, de Jong YP, Rice CM, Garcia KC. The IFN-λ-IFN-λR1-IL-10Rβ Complex Reveals Structural Features Underlying Type III IFN Functional Plasticity. Immunity 2017; 46:379-392. [PMID: 28329704 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λs) signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of the IFN-λR1 subunit, specific for IFN-λs, and interleukin-10Rβ (IL-10Rβ), which is shared by multiple cytokines in the IL-10 superfamily. Low affinity of IL-10Rβ for cytokines has impeded efforts aimed at crystallizing cytokine-receptor complexes. We used yeast surface display to engineer a higher-affinity IFN-λ variant, H11, which enabled crystallization of the ternary complex. The structure revealed that IL-10Rβ uses a network of tyrosine residues as hydrophobic anchor points to engage IL-10 family cytokines that present complementary hydrophobic binding patches, explaining its role as both a cross-reactive but cytokine-specific receptor. H11 elicited increased anti-proliferative and antiviral activities in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, engineered higher-affinity type I IFNs did not increase antiviral potency over wild-type type I IFNs. Our findings provide insight into cytokine recognition by the IL-10R family and highlight the plasticity of type III interferon signaling and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anming Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tim M Horton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Jia L, Wu C. The biology and functions of Th22 cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:209-30. [PMID: 25261209 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells develop from naïve CD4(+) T cells under lineage-specific culture conditions and are nominated by their lineage-specific cytokines. Th22 cells, new players in adoptive immune responses, are identified by the production of interleukin (IL)-22. Plenty of observations are obtained over the past few years indicating that IL-22 is produced by activated T cells including Th22 cells, Th17 cells, Th1 cells, innate lymphoid cells and some nonlymphocytes. IL-22 functions synergistically with IL-17 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), however, it plays different roles by IL-22/IL-22 receptor signal transductions in pathologic processes, including inflammations, autoimmunity, tumor, and digestive organs damages. In this chapter, we focus on the biology of IL-22, the generation and regulation of Th22 cells, the possible signal pathways that involved in the functions of Th22 cells, as well as the relationship between Th22 cells and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Research of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Arnesen K, Lorne Tyrrell D, Gutfreund KS. The Pekin duck IL-10R2 common chain: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and mRNA expression analysis. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 40:386-95. [PMID: 23331509 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2, IL-10Rβ) is required for the signalling of the class 2 cytokines IL-10, IL-22, IL-26 and IFN-λ1-3 . Here, we describe the identification of the Pekin duck IL-10R2 (duIL-10R2) common chain and its gene structure. The duIL-10R2 cDNA encodes a 343 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 42% with chicken and human IL-10R2, respectively. Binding residues of human IL-10R2 for IL-10 and IL-22 were mostly conserved in the avian IL-10R2 proteins within loops L3 and L5, but not within loops L2 and L6. Homology modelling of the duIL-10R2 extracellular domain structure using soluble human IL-10R2 (shIL-10R2, PDB ID: 3LQM) as a template revealed a protruding loop L5 and two distinct clefts between loops L2/L3 and L3/L5, similar to shIL-10R2. However, in contrast to the three amino acid β-hairpin loop L2 of shIL-10R2, loop L2 of duIL-10R2 is five residues longer. Residues within a putative Tyk2 binding site were highly conserved across all vertebrate IL-10R2 proteins examined. The duIL-10R2 gene shares a seven exon-six intron structure with chicken and human IL-10R2 genes, but avian genes are more compact. DuIL-10R2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues. Mitogen stimulation of duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) did not alter transcript levels. Our observations suggest that genomic organization and structural features implicated in multiple cytokine-binding properties of human IL-10R2 are conserved in duck IL-10R2, but the evolutionary changes that appear to have lead to low-affinity cytokine interaction within loop L2 are distinct to mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Jones BC, Logsdon NJ, Walter MR. Structure of IL-22 bound to its high-affinity IL-22R1 chain. Structure 2008; 16:1333-44. [PMID: 18599299 PMCID: PMC2637415 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that initiates innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens and contributes to immune disease. IL-22 biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP, which shares sequence similarity with an extracellular region of IL-22R1 (sIL-22R1). IL-22R1 also pairs with the IL-20R2 chain to induce IL-20 and IL-24 signaling. To define the molecular basis of these diverse interactions, we have determined the structure of the IL-22/sIL-22R1 complex. The structure, combined with homology modeling and surface plasmon resonance studies, defines the molecular basis for the distinct affinities and specificities of IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains that regulate cellular targeting and signal transduction to elicit effective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi C Jones
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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