1
|
Uusitalo M, Klenow MB, Laulumaa S, Blakeley MP, Simonsen AC, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Human myelin protein P2: from crystallography to time-lapse membrane imaging and neuropathy-associated variants. FEBS J 2021; 288:6716-6735. [PMID: 34138518 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral myelin protein 2 (P2) is a fatty acid-binding protein expressed in vertebrate peripheral nervous system myelin, as well as in human astrocytes. Suggested functions of P2 include membrane stacking and lipid transport. Mutations in the PMP2 gene, encoding P2, are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Recent studies have revealed three novel PMP2 mutations in CMT patients. To shed light on the structure and function of these P2 variants, we used X-ray and neutron crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, computer simulations and lipid binding assays. The crystal and solution structures of the I50del, M114T and V115A variants of P2 showed minor differences to the wild-type protein, whereas their thermal stability was reduced. Vesicle aggregation assays revealed no change in membrane stacking characteristics, while the variants showed altered fatty acid binding. Time-lapse imaging of lipid bilayers indicated formation of double-membrane structures induced by P2, which could be related to its function in stacking of two myelin membrane surfaces in vivo. In order to better understand the links between structure, dynamics and function, the crystal structure of perdeuterated P2 was refined from room temperature data using neutrons and X-rays, and the results were compared to simulations and cryocooled crystal structures. Our data indicate similar properties for all known human P2 CMT variants; while crystal structures are nearly identical, thermal stability and function of CMT variants are impaired. Our data provide new insights into the structure-function relationships and dynamics of P2 in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Uusitalo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Martin Berg Klenow
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruskamo S, Krokengen OC, Kowal J, Nieminen T, Lehtimäki M, Raasakka A, Dandey VP, Vattulainen I, Stahlberg H, Kursula P. Cryo-EM, X-ray diffraction, and atomistic simulations reveal determinants for the formation of a supramolecular myelin-like proteolipid lattice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8692-8705. [PMID: 32265298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin protein P2 is a peripheral membrane protein of the fatty acid-binding protein family that functions in the formation and maintenance of the peripheral nerve myelin sheath. Several P2 gene mutations cause human Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, but the mature myelin sheath assembly mechanism is unclear. Here, cryo-EM of myelin-like proteolipid multilayers revealed an ordered three-dimensional (3D) lattice of P2 molecules between stacked lipid bilayers, visualizing supramolecular assembly at the myelin major dense line. The data disclosed that a single P2 layer is inserted between two bilayers in a tight intermembrane space of ∼3 nm, implying direct interactions between P2 and two membrane surfaces. X-ray diffraction from P2-stacked bicelle multilayers revealed lateral protein organization, and surface mutagenesis of P2 coupled with structure-function experiments revealed a role for both the portal region of P2 and its opposite face in membrane interactions. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of P2 on model membrane surfaces suggested that Arg-88 is critical for P2-membrane interactions, in addition to the helical lid domain. Negatively charged lipid headgroups stably anchored P2 on the myelin-like bilayer surface. Membrane binding may be accompanied by opening of the P2 β-barrel structure and ligand exchange with the apposing bilayer. Our results provide an unprecedented view into an ordered, multilayered biomolecular membrane system induced by the presence of a peripheral membrane protein from human myelin. This is an important step toward deciphering the 3D assembly of a mature myelin sheath at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oda C Krokengen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Julia Kowal
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Venkata P Dandey
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laulumaa S, Nieminen T, Raasakka A, Krokengen OC, Safaryan A, Hallin EI, Brysbaert G, Lensink MF, Ruskamo S, Vattulainen I, Kursula P. Structure and dynamics of a human myelin protein P2 portal region mutant indicate opening of the β barrel in fatty acid binding proteins. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:8. [PMID: 29940944 PMCID: PMC6020228 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-018-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Myelin is a multilayered proteolipid sheath wrapped around selected axons in the nervous system. Its constituent proteins play major roles in forming of the highly regular membrane structure. P2 is a myelin-specific protein of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) superfamily, which is able to stack lipid bilayers together, and it is a target for mutations in the human inherited neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A conserved residue that has been proposed to participate in membrane and fatty acid binding and conformational changes in FABPs is Phe57. This residue is thought to be a gatekeeper for the opening of the portal region upon ligand entry and egress. Results We performed a structural characterization of the F57A mutant of human P2. The mutant protein was crystallized in three crystal forms, all of which showed changes in the portal region and helix α2. In addition, the behaviour of the mutant protein upon lipid bilayer binding suggested more unfolding than previously observed for wild-type P2. On the other hand, membrane binding rendered F57A heat-stable, similarly to wild-type P2. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations showed opening of the side of the discontinuous β barrel, giving important indications on the mechanism of portal region opening and ligand entry into FABPs. The results suggest a central role for Phe57 in regulating the opening of the portal region in human P2 and other FABPs, and the F57A mutation disturbs dynamic cross-correlation networks in the portal region of P2. Conclusions Overall, the F57A variant presents similar properties to the P2 patient mutations recently linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Our results identify Phe57 as a residue regulating conformational changes that may accompany membrane surface binding and ligand exchange in P2 and other FABPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12900-018-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laulumaa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oda C Krokengen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik I Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marc F Lensink
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruskamo S, Nieminen T, Kristiansen CK, Vatne GH, Baumann A, Hallin EI, Raasakka A, Joensuu P, Bergmann U, Vattulainen I, Kursula P. Molecular mechanisms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy linked to mutations in human myelin protein P2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6510. [PMID: 28747762 PMCID: PMC5529448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is one of the most common inherited neuropathies. Recently, three CMT1-associated point mutations (I43N, T51P, and I52T) were discovered in the abundant peripheral myelin protein P2. These mutations trigger abnormal myelin structure, leading to reduced nerve conduction velocity, muscle weakness, and distal limb atrophy. P2 is a myelin-specific protein expressed by Schwann cells that binds to fatty acids and membranes, contributing to peripheral myelin lipid homeostasis. We studied the molecular basis of the P2 patient mutations. None of the CMT1-associated mutations alter the overall folding of P2 in the crystal state. P2 disease variants show increased aggregation tendency and remarkably reduced stability, T51P being most severe. In addition, P2 disease mutations affect protein dynamics. Both fatty acid binding by P2 and the kinetics of its membrane interactions are affected by the mutations. Experiments and simulations suggest opening of the β barrel in T51P, possibly representing a general mechanism in fatty acid-binding proteins. Our findings demonstrate that altered biophysical properties and functional dynamics of P2 may cause myelin defects in CMT1 patients. At the molecular level, a few malformed hydrogen bonds lead to structural instability and misregulation of conformational changes related to ligand exchange and membrane binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Guro H Vatne
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Baumann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik I Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Päivi Joensuu
- Department of Sustainable Chemistry, Technical Faculty, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, 33720, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo Z, Dauter Z. Detection of twinning in macromolecular crystallography. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The merohedrally or pseudo-merohedrally twinned crystals cannot be identified during diffraction pattern inspection at the stage of data collection. Several methods for identifying twinning and estimating the twin fraction are suitable for macromolecular crystals, and all are based on the statistical properties of the measured diffraction intensities. They can be based on either the overall statistical properties of the measured reflection intensities or on the comparison of reflection intensities related by the twinning operation. The application of various tests for identification of twinning and estimation of twinning fraction is discussed, with examples of diffraction data from the Protein Data Bank. Twinning makes the solution of crystal structures more difficult, but once initially solved, the atomic models can be properly refined by the existing programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Luo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laulumaa S, Blakeley MP, Raasakka A, Moulin M, Härtlein M, Kursula P. Production, crystallization and neutron diffraction of fully deuterated human myelin peripheral membrane protein P2. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1391-5. [PMID: 26527266 PMCID: PMC4631588 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular details of the formation of the myelin sheath, a multilayered membrane in the nervous system, are to a large extent unknown. P2 is a peripheral membrane protein from peripheral nervous system myelin, which is believed to play a role in this process. X-ray crystallographic studies and complementary experiments have provided information on the structure-function relationships in P2. In this study, a fully deuterated sample of human P2 was produced. Crystals that were large enough for neutron diffraction were grown by a ten-month procedure of feeding, and neutron diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.4 Å from a crystal of 0.09 mm(3) in volume. The neutron crystal structure will allow the positions of H atoms in P2 and its fatty-acid ligand to be visualized, as well as shedding light on the fine details of the hydrogen-bonding networks within the P2 ligand-binding cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laulumaa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthew P. Blakeley
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Härtlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laulumaa S, Nieminen T, Lehtimäki M, Aggarwal S, Simons M, Koza MM, Vattulainen I, Kursula P, Natali F. Dynamics of the Peripheral Membrane Protein P2 from Human Myelin Measured by Neutron Scattering--A Comparison between Wild-Type Protein and a Hinge Mutant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128954. [PMID: 26068118 PMCID: PMC4466134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin protein P2 is a fatty acid-binding structural component of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system, and its function is related to its membrane binding capacity. Here, the link between P2 protein dynamics and structure and function was studied using elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS). The P38G mutation, at the hinge between the β barrel and the α-helical lid, increased the lipid stacking capacity of human P2 in vitro, and the mutated protein was also functional in cultured cells. The P38G mutation did not change the overall structure of the protein. For a deeper insight into P2 structure-function relationships, information on protein dynamics in the 10 ps to 1 ns time scale was obtained using EINS. Values of mean square displacements mainly from protein H atoms were extracted for wild-type P2 and the P38G mutant and compared. Our results show that at physiological temperatures, the P38G mutant is more dynamic than the wild-type P2 protein, especially on a slow 1-ns time scale. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the enhanced dynamics of the mutant variant, especially within the portal region in the presence of bound fatty acid. The increased softness of the hinge mutant of human myelin P2 protein is likely related to an enhanced flexibility of the portal region of this fatty acid-binding protein, as well as to its interactions with the lipid bilayer surface requiring conformational adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laulumaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Lehtimäki
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (PK); (FN)
| | - Francesca Natali
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France
- CNR-IOM, OGG, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (PK); (FN)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laulumaa S, Kursula P, Natali F. Neutron scattering studies on protein dynamics using the human myelin peripheral membrane protein P2. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158302010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Ruskamo S, Yadav RP, Sharma S, Lehtimäki M, Laulumaa S, Aggarwal S, Simons M, Bürck J, Ulrich AS, Juffer AH, Kursula I, Kursula P. Atomic resolution view into the structure-function relationships of the human myelin peripheral membrane protein P2. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:165-76. [PMID: 24419389 PMCID: PMC3919267 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P2 is a fatty acid-binding protein expressed in vertebrate peripheral nerve myelin, where it may function in bilayer stacking and lipid transport. P2 binds to phospholipid membranes through its positively charged surface and a hydrophobic tip, and accommodates fatty acids inside its barrel structure. The structure of human P2 refined at the ultrahigh resolution of 0.93 Å allows detailed structural analyses, including the full organization of an internal hydrogen-bonding network. The orientation of the bound fatty-acid carboxyl group is linked to the protonation states of two coordinating arginine residues. An anion-binding site in the portal region is suggested to be relevant for membrane interactions and conformational changes. When bound to membrane multilayers, P2 has a preferred orientation and is stabilized, and the repeat distance indicates a single layer of P2 between membranes. Simulations show the formation of a double bilayer in the presence of P2, and in cultured cells wild-type P2 induces membrane-domain formation. Here, the most accurate structural and functional view to date on P2, a major component of peripheral nerve myelin, is presented, showing how it can interact with two membranes simultaneously while going through conformational changes at its portal region enabling ligand transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ruskamo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ravi P. Yadav
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI), German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Satyan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Lehtimäki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI), German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - André H. Juffer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Inari Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI), German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI), German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han H, Myllykoski M, Ruskamo S, Wang C, Kursula P. Myelin-specific proteins: a structurally diverse group of membrane-interacting molecules. Biofactors 2013; 39:233-41. [PMID: 23780694 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The myelin sheath is a multilayered membrane in the nervous system, which has unique biochemical properties. Myelin carries a set of specific high-abundance proteins, the structure and function of which are still poorly understood. The proteins of the myelin sheath are involved in a number of neurological diseases, including autoimmune diseases and inherited neuropathies. In this review, we briefly discuss the structural properties and functions of selected myelin-specific proteins (P0, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein, P2, proteolipid protein, peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, and periaxin); such properties include, for example, interactions with lipid bilayers and the presence of large intrinsically disordered regions in some myelin proteins. A detailed understanding of myelin protein structure and function at the molecular level will be required to fully grasp their physiological roles in the myelin sheath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|