1
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Germann LS, Carlino E, Taurino A, Magdysyuk OV, Voinovich D, Dinnebier RE, Bučar D, Hasa D. Modulating Thermal Properties of Polymers through Crystal Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212688. [PMID: 36617841 PMCID: PMC10947328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal engineering has exclusively focused on the development of advanced materials based on small organic molecules. We now demonstrate how the cocrystallization of a polymer yields a material with significantly enhanced thermal stability but equivalent mechanical flexibility. Isomorphous replacement of one of the cocrystal components enables the formation of solid solutions with melting points that can be readily fine-tuned over a usefully wide temperature range. The results of this study credibly extend the scope of crystal engineering and cocrystallization from small molecules to polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia S. Germann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenberg Straße 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Elvio Carlino
- Istituto di Cristallografia—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC—CNR)Via Amendola 122/O70126BariItaly
| | - Antonietta Taurino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMM—CNR)Via Monteroni73100LecceItaly
| | - Oxana V. Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source Ltd.Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Robert E. Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenberg Straße 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Dejan‐Krešimir Bučar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
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2
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Dhibar M, Chakraborty S, Basak S, Pattanayak P, Chatterjee T, Ghosh B, Raafat M, Abourehab MAS. Critical Analysis and Optimization of Stoichiometric Ratio of Drug-Coformer on Cocrystal Design: Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:284. [PMID: 37259428 PMCID: PMC9959501 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this present research, an attempt has been made to address the influence of drug-coformer stoichiometric ratio on cocrystal design and its impact on improvement of solubility and dissolution, as well as bioavailability of poorly soluble telmisartan. The chemistry behind cocrystallization and the optimization of drug-coformer molar ratio were explored by the molecular docking approach, and theoretical were implemented practically to solve the solubility as well as bioavailability related issues of telmisartan. A new multicomponent solid form, i.e., cocrystal, was fabricated using different molar ratios of telmisartan and maleic acid, and characterized by SEM, DSC and XRD studies. The molecular docking study suggested that specific molar ratios of drug-coformer can successfully cluster with each other and form a specific geometry with favourable energy conformation to form cocrystals. Synthesized telmisartan-maleic acid cocrystals showed remarkable improvement in solubility and dissolution of telmisartan by 9.08-fold and 3.11-fold, respectively. A SEM study revealed the formation of cocrystals of telmisartan when treated with maleic acid. DSC and XRD studies also confirmed the conversion of crystalline telmisartan into its cocrystal state upon treating with maleic acid. Preclinical investigation revealed significant improvement in the efficacy of optimized cocrystals in terms of plasma drug concentration, indicating enhanced bioavailability through improved solubility as well as dissolution of telmisartan cocrystals. The present research concluded that molecular docking is an important path in selecting an appropriate stoichiometric ratio of telmisartan: maleic acid to form cocrystals and improve the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly soluble telmisartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Dhibar
- Formulation Development Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Formulation Development Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Souvik Basak
- Formulation Development Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Paramita Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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3
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Li M, Chen X, Yakiyama Y, Wu J, Akutagawa T, Sakurai H. Tuning the dielectric response by co-crystallisation of sumanene and its fluorinated derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8950-8953. [PMID: 35856625 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of co-crystals of 1,1-difluorosumanene (F2-Sum) and sumanene (Sum) were obtained. The co-crystallization successfully tuned their structural and physical properties, especially the dielectric response, without any chemical modifications. X-ray analyses and theoretical calculations revealed the reduction of intermolecular interaction energy due to the presence of F2-Sum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - JianYun Wu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808579, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808579, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Mazzeo PP, Prencipe M, Feiler T, Emmerling F, Bacchi A. On the Mechanism of Cocrystal Mechanochemical Reaction via Low Melting Eutectic: A Time-Resolved In Situ Monitoring Investigation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4260-4267. [PMID: 35818385 PMCID: PMC9264353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has become a sustainable and attractive cost-effective synthetic technique, largely used within the frame of crystal engineering. Cocrystals, namely, crystalline compounds made of different chemical entities within the same crystal structure, are typically synthesized in bulk via mechanochemistry; however, whereas the macroscopic aspects of grinding are becoming clear, the fundamental principles that underlie mechanochemical cocrystallization at the microscopic level remain poorly understood. Time-resolved in situ (TRIS) monitoring approaches have opened the door to exceptional detail regarding mechanochemical reactions. We here report a clear example of cocrystallization between two solid coformers that proceeds through the formation of a metastable low melting binary eutectic phase. The overall cocrystallization process has been monitored by time-resolved in situ (TRIS) synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with a customized ball milling setup, currently available at μSpot beamline at BESSY-II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The binary system and the low melting eutectic phase were further characterized via DSC, HSM, and VT-XRPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P. Mazzeo
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Email
| | - Michele Prencipe
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Torvid Feiler
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße
11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße
11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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5
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Wengert S, Csányi G, Reuter K, Margraf JT. A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Structure Stability Prediction in Molecular Co-crystal Screenings. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4586-4593. [PMID: 35709378 PMCID: PMC9281391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Co-crystals are a
highly interesting material class as varying
their components and stoichiometry in principle allows tuning supramolecular
assemblies toward desired physical properties. The in silico prediction of co-crystal structures represents a daunting task,
however, as they span a vast search space and usually feature large
unit cells. This requires theoretical models that are accurate and
fast to evaluate, a combination that can in principle be accomplished
by modern machine-learned (ML) potentials trained on first-principles
data. Crucially, these ML potentials need to account for the description
of long-range interactions, which are essential for the stability
and structure of molecular crystals. In this contribution, we present
a strategy for developing Δ-ML potentials for co-crystals, which
use a physical baseline model to describe long-range interactions.
The applicability of this approach is demonstrated for co-crystals
of variable composition consisting of an active pharmaceutical ingredient
and various co-formers. We find that the Δ-ML approach offers
a strong and consistent improvement over the density functional tight
binding baseline. Importantly, this even holds true when extrapolating
beyond the scope of the training set, for instance in molecular dynamics
simulations under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wengert
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universitát München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Bujak M, Stammler HG, Vishnevskiy YV, Mitzel NW. Very close I⋯As and I⋯Sb interactions in trimethylpnictogen-pentafluoroiodobenzene cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unusually short, for any experimentally characterized molecular (co)crystal, directional C–I⋯As and C–I⋯Sb halogen bonds have been engineered in the supramolecular reactions of the in situ cocrystallized (CH3)3E (E = As or Sb) with C6F5I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V. Vishnevskiy
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Suponitsky KY, Fedyanin IV, Karnoukhova VA, Zalomlenkov VA, Gidaspov AA, Bakharev VV, Sheremetev AB. Energetic Co-Crystal of a Primary Metal-Free Explosive with BTF. Ideal Pair for Co-Crystallization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247452. [PMID: 34946534 PMCID: PMC8709047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystallization is an elegant technique to tune the physical properties of crystalline solids. In the field of energetic materials, co-crystallization is currently playing an important role in the engineering of crystals with improved performance. Here, based on an analysis of the structural features of the green primary explosive, tetramethylammonium salt of 7-oxo-5-(trinitromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrotetrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ide (1), a co-former such as the powerful secondary explosive, benzotrifuroxan (BTF, 2), has been proposed to improve it. Compared to the original 1, its co-crystal with BTF has a higher detonation pressure and velocity, as well as an initiating ability, while the impact sensitivity and thermal stability remained at about the same level. Both co-formers, 1 and 2, and co-crystal 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their crystal packing was analyzed in detail by the set of approaches, including periodic calculations. In the co-crystal 3, all intermolecular interactions were significantly redistributed. However, no new types of intermolecular interactions were formed during co-crystallization. Moreover, the interaction energies of structural units in crystals before and after co-crystallization were approximately the same. A similar trend was observed for the volumes occupied by structural units and their densifications. The similar nature of the organization of the crystals of the co-formers and the co-crystal gives grounds to assert that the selected co-formers are an ideal pair for co-crystallization, and the invariability of the organization of the crystals was probably responsible for the preservation of some of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrill Yu. Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan V. Fedyanin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Valentina A. Karnoukhova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Zalomlenkov
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Gidaspov
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Bakharev
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Aleksei B. Sheremetev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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8
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Mazzeo P, Pioli M, Montisci F, Bacchi A, Pelagatti P. Mechanochemical Preparation of Dipyridyl-Naphthalenediimide Cocrystals: Relative Role of Halogen-Bond and π-π Interactions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:5687-5696. [PMID: 34650338 PMCID: PMC8498987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalenediimide derivates are a class of π-conjugated molecules largely investigated in the literature and used as building blocks for metal-organic frameworks or coformers for hydrogen-bond-based cocrystals. However, their tendency to establish halogen-bond interactions remains unexplored. By using a crystalline engineering approach, we report here four new cocrystals with N,N'-di(4-pyrydyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxidiimide and diiodo-substituted coformers, easily obtained via a mechanochemical protocol. Cocrystals were characterized via NMR, electron ionization mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic structures were then finely examined and correlated with energy framework calculations to understand the relative contribution of halogen-bond and π-π interactions toward framework stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo
P. Mazzeo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università di
Parma, Parco Area delle
Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Pioli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Montisci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università di
Parma, Parco Area delle
Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelagatti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro
Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università degli studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pio Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università degli studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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10
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Ul Islam N, Khan E, Naveed Umar M, Shah A, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Bari A. Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080939. [PMID: 34438989 PMCID: PMC8388915 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystallization is a promising approach to alter physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (hereafter abbreviated as APIs) bearing poor profile. Nowadays pharmaceutical industries are focused on preparing drug-drug cocrystals of APIs that are often prescribed in combination therapies by physicians. Physicians normally prescribe antibiotic with an analgesic/antipyretic drug to combat several ailments in a better and more efficient way. In this work, azithromycin (AZT) and paracetamol (PCM) cocrystals were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio using slow solvent evaporation method. The cocrystals were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vibrational spectroscopy and DSC confirmed that both APIs interact physically and showed chemical compatibility, while PXRD pattern of the starting material and products revealed that cocrystal have in a unique crystalline phase. The degree of hydration was confirmed by TGA analysis and result indicates monohydrate cocrystal formation. The HPLC analysis confirmed equimolar ratio of AZT:PCM in the cocrystal. The in vitro dissolution rate, saturation solubility, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated for AZT dihydrate and the resulting cocrystals. The cocrystals exhibited better dissolution rate, solubility and enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Jacobs University School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Attaullah Shah
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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11
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A Review of Pharmaceutical Nano-Cocrystals: A Novel Strategy to Improve the Chemical and Physical Properties for Poorly Soluble Drugs. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, many commercial drugs have poor solubility and bioavailability. Cocrystals are formulated to modulate active pharmaceutical ingredients’ properties with improved solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability compared to their pristine individual components in the pharmaceutical industry. Nano-cocrystals, crystals in the nano range, can further enhance these properties because of not only the cocrystal structure, but also the large surface to volume ratio of nanocrystals. Even though there are many studies on cocrystals, the research of pharmaceutical nano-cocrystals is still in the initial stage. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a systematic study on pharmaceutical nano-cocrystals. In this review, the possible preparation approaches of nano-cocrystals have been reported. To have a comprehensive understanding of nano-cocrystals, some analytical techniques and characterizations will be discussed in detail. In addition, the feasible therapeutic application of nano-cocrystals will be presented. This work is expected to provide guidance to develop new nano-cocrystals with commercial value in the pharmaceutical industry.
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12
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Abstract
With an increasing interest in cocrystals due to various advantages, demand for large-scale cocrystallization techniques is rising. Solution cocrystallization is a solvent-based approach that utilizes several single-component crystallization concepts as well as equipment for generating cocrystals. Solution-based techniques can produce cocrystals with reasonable control on purity, size distribution, morphology, and polymorphic form. Many of them also offer a scalable solution for the industrial production of cocrystals. However, the complexity of the thermodynamic landscape and the kinetics of cocrystallization offers fresh challenges which are not encountered in single component crystallization. This review focuses on the recent developments in different solution cocrystallization techniques for the production of pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals. The review consists of two sections. The first section describes the various solution cocrystallization methods, highlighting their benefits and limitations. The second section emphasizes the challenges in developing these techniques to an industrial scale and identifies the major thrust areas where further research is required.
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13
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Mazzeo PP, Balestri D, Bacchi A, Pelagatti P. Stabilization of liquid active guests via nanoconfinement into a flexible microporous metal–organic framework. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nanoconfinement of the three liquid guests within a MOF has been fully investigated in terms of host–guest interactions and framework rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P. Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Balestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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14
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Kuzniak-Glanowska E, Glosz D, Niedzielski G, Kobylarczyk J, Srebro-Hooper M, Hooper JGM, Podgajny R. Binding of anionic Pt(ii) complexes in a dedicated organic matrix: towards new binary crystalline composites. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:170-185. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar [PtL4]2− (L = CN−, Cl−, Br−) anions are bound by π-acidic HAT(CN)6 in solution and in the solid state to provide the basis for the first epitaxially grown anion–π crystalline composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Glosz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
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15
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Topić F, Friščić T. No regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization of exemestane with aromatic cocrystal formers based on phenanthrene and pyrene. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer steroidal drug exemestane presents significantly different behavior in cocrystallization with arenes compared with the previously explored steroid progesterone. Mechanochemical and solution-based cocrystallization of exemestane with hydroxy derivatives of phenanthrene and pyrene leads to the formation of cocrystals exhibiting clear O–H···O type arene-steroid hydrogen bonds. So far, exemestane and 1-hydroxypyrene have been observed to form only one type of cocrystal, with the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the two components. However, there are two stoichiometric variations of the cocrystal of 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and exemestane, with the arene:steroid stoichiometric ratio of either 1:1 or 1:2. Importantly, although cocrystallization of progesterone with the same arene cocrystal formers was previously reported to take place regioselectively through α···π contacts between the α-face of the steroid and the π-electron surface of the arene, the herein explored cocrystals of exemestane reveal α···π and β···π contacts, as well as sidewise interactions involving the arene π-system and different edges of the steroid molecule. The loss of regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization with the two monohydroxylated arenes is tentatively explained by the highly positive electrostatic surface potential of the steroid β-face and a diminished number of C–H groups on the α-face of exemestane compared with progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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16
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Zheng K, Xie C, Li X, Wu W, Li A, Qian S, Pang Q. Crystal structures, thermal stabilities, and dissolution behaviours of tinidazole and the tinidazole-vanillic acid cocrystal: insights from energy frameworks. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:389-397. [PMID: 32367818 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620004180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the antimicrobial drug tinidazole [TNZ; systematic name: 1-(2-ethylsulfonylethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, C8H13N3O4S] and the 1:1 cocrystal of TNZ with the naturally occurring compound vanillic acid (VA; systematic name: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, C8H8O4), namely, the TNZ-VA cocrystal, were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis at 100 K. The supramolecular structure of the TNZ-VA cocrystal is composed of a carboxylic acid dimer and an O-H...N(heterocycle) synthon in the form of layers made up of O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The layers are joined via C-H...O hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking and C-H...π interactions. The energy framework analysis, together with interaction energy calculations using the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method, indicates that the TNZ-VA cocrystal inherits strong interactions from the TNZ and VA crystals, which accounts for the enhanced thermal stability and reduced dissolution rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a cocrystal containing TNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjian Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaosong Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
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17
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Mazzeo PP, Canossa S, Carraro C, Pelagatti P, Bacchi A. Systematic coformer contribution to cocrystal stabilization: energy and packing trends. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CSD data mining and energy calculations show that coformer self-interactions might significantly contribute to the packing energy stabilization of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P. Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC
| | - Stefano Canossa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Claudia Carraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Paolo Pelagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC)
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC
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18
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Abstract
Crystallization-driven self-assembly of three macrocyclic members of the cucurbit[n]uril family is explained by the cumulative effect of multiple C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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19
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Sarkar N, Mitra J, Vittengl M, Berndt L, Aakeröy CB. A user-friendly application for predicting the outcome of co-crystallizations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An automated application, CoForm, was used for predicting the outcomes of attempted co-crystallizations between two active pharmaceutical ingredients, loratadine and desloratadine, and 41 potential co-formers from the general interest (OGI) list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Joydeep Mitra
- Department of Computer Science
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Molly Vittengl
- Department of Chemistry
- Truman State University
- Kirksville
- USA
| | - Lexi Berndt
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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20
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Kuzniak E, Hooper J, Srebro-Hooper M, Kobylarczyk J, Dziurka M, Musielak B, Pinkowicz D, Raya J, Ferlay S, Podgajny R. A concerted evolution of supramolecular interactions in a {cation; metal complex; π-acid; solvent} anion-π system. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies on a concerted evolution of supramolecular interactions with multicomponent synthon reproduction provide a new tool to describe the trapping of flat [M(L)4]2− complexes within π-acidic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kuzniak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - James Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | | | | | | | - Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Jesus Raya
- Membrane Biophysics and NMR
- Institute of Chemistry
- UMR 7177
- University of Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
| | - Sylvie Ferlay
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
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21
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Lombard J, Smith VJ, le Roex T, Haynes DA. Crystallisation of organic salts by sublimation: salt formation from the gas phase. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Co-sublimation of two neutral components yields crystals of salts and co-crystals. Experiments show that during sublimation of salts, proton transfer occurs after molecules enter the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lombard
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- Stellenbosch University
- Stellenbosch
- Republic of South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- Republic of South Africa
| | - Tanya le Roex
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- Stellenbosch University
- Stellenbosch
- Republic of South Africa
| | - Delia A. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- Stellenbosch University
- Stellenbosch
- Republic of South Africa
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22
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Scowen IJ, Alomar TS, Munshi T, Seaton CC. Structural similarity in chiral-achiral multi-component crystals. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural similarities between co-crystals formed with racemic mixture and enantiopure chiral components with an achiral co-former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Scowen
- School of Chemistry
- Joseph Banks Laboratories
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Taghrid S. Alomar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasnim Munshi
- School of Chemistry
- Joseph Banks Laboratories
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Colin C. Seaton
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford
- UK
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23
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Sarkar N, Aakeröy CB. Evaluating hydrogen-bond propensity, hydrogen-bond coordination and hydrogen-bond energy as tools for predicting the outcome of attempted co-crystallisations. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1693043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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24
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Topić F, Lisac K, Arhangelskis M, Rissanen K, Cinčić D, Friščić T. Cocrystal trimorphism as a consequence of the orthogonality of halogen- and hydrogen-bonds synthons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14066-14069. [PMID: 31693025 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
True trimorphic cocrystals, i.e. multi-component molecular crystals of identical composition that exhibit three polymorphic structures, are exceedingly rare and so far no halogen-bonded cocrystal system has been reported to exhibit trimorphism. Here we describe a unique example of a trimorphic cocrystal exhibiting both hydrogen and halogen bonds in which the differences between polymorphs reveal their orthogonality, evident by the apparently independent variation of well-defined hydrogen- and halogen-bonded motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8, Montreal, Canada.
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25
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Sarkar N, Sinha AS, Aakeröy CB. Systematic investigation of hydrogen-bond propensities for informing co-crystal design and assembly. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-informatics methods can provide important guidelines for defining the experimental space that needs to be explored in the efficient pursuit of new co-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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26
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Mandal A, Swain P, Nath B, Sau S, Mal P. Unipolar to ambipolar semiconductivity switching in charge transfer cocrystals of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer cocrystals of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene donor and tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanobenzene and 1,3-dinitrobenzene acceptor exhibited switchable semi-conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkalekha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- India
| | - Pravasini Swain
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Bhaskar Nath
- Department of Educational Science
- Assam Central University
- Silchar
- India
| | - Sudip Sau
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- India
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27
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Gunawardana CA, Aakeröy CB. Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14047-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies for driving co-crystal synthesis using a variety of competing non-covalent interactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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28
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Peach AA, Hirsh DA, Holmes ST, Schurko RW. Mechanochemical syntheses and 35Cl solid-state NMR characterization of fluoxetine HCl cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel mechanochemical syntheses of cocrystals of fluoxetine HCl are presented, along with characterization of the molecular-level structures by 35Cl solid-state NMR and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin A. Peach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - David A. Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Sean T. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
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29
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Lestari M, Lusi M, O'Leary A, O'Nolan D, Zaworotko MJ. Hygroscopicity of lithium coordination polymers and their solid solutions. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-based coordination polymers and their solid solutions are synthesised and investigated from a pharmaceutical perspective. In particular, the hygroscopicity is measured as a function of composition showing two different behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lestari
- Department of Chemical Science and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Matteo Lusi
- Department of Chemical Science and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Aoife O'Leary
- Department of Chemical Science and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Nolan
- Department of Chemical Science and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Science and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
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30
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Tireli M, Blanco MV, Babić D, Friščić T, Užarević K, Halasz I. Tandem In Situ Monitoring for Quantitative Assessment of Mechanochemical Reactions Involving Structurally Unknown Phases. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein quantitative in situ monitoring by simultaneous PXRD and Raman spectroscopy of the mechanochemical reaction between benzoic acid and nicotinamide, affording a rich polymorphic system with four new cocrystal polymorphs, multiple phase transformations, and a variety of reaction pathways. After observing polymorphs by in situ monitoring, we were able to isolate and characterize three of the four polymorphs, most of which are not accessible from solution. Relative stabilities among the isolated polymorphs at ambient conditions were established by slurry experiments. Using two complementary methods for in situ monitoring enabled quantitative assessment and kinetic analysis of each studied mechanochemical reaction, even when involving unknown crystal structures, and short-lived intermediates. In situ Raman monitoring was introduced here also as a standalone laboratory technique for quantitative assessment of mechanochemical reactions and understanding of mechanochemical reactivity. Our results provide an important step toward a complete and high-throughput quantitative approach to mechanochemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms, necessary for the development of the mechanistic framework of milling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tireli
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Cerreia Vioglio P, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R. Pharmaceutical aspects of salt and cocrystal forms of APIs and characterization challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:86-110. [PMID: 28687273 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many efforts have been devoted to the screening and the study of new solid-state forms of old active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with salification or co-crystallization processes, thus modulating final properties without changing the pharmacological nature. Salts, hydrates/solvates, and cocrystals are the common solid-state forms employed. They offer the intriguing possibility of exploring different pharmaceutical properties for a single API in the quest of enhancing the final drug product. New synthetic strategies and advanced characterization techniques have been recently proposed in this hot topic for pharmaceutical companies. This paper reviews the recent progresses in the field particularly focusing on the characterization challenges encountered when the nature of the solid-state form must be determined. The aim of this article is to offer the state-of-the-art on this subject in order to develop new insights and to promote cooperative efforts in the fascinating field of API salt and cocrystal forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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32
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Tonin MDL, Garden SJ, Jotani MM, Wardell SMSV, Wardell JL, Tiekink ERT. The 1:1 co-crystal of 2-bromo-naphthalene-1,4-dione and 1,8-di-hydroxy-anthracene-9,10-dione: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:738-745. [PMID: 28529788 PMCID: PMC5418796 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017005667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C10H5BrO2·C14H8O4 [systematic name: 2-bromo-1,4-di-hydro-naphthalene-1,4-dione-1,8-dihy-droxy-9,10-di-hydro-anthracene-9,10-dione (1/1)], features one mol-ecule of each coformer. The 2-bromo-naphtho-quinone mol-ecule is almost planar [r.m.s deviation of the 13 non-H atoms = 0.060 Å, with the maximum deviations of 0.093 (1) and 0.099 (1) Å being for the Br atom and a carbonyl-O atom, respectively]. The 1,8-di-hydroxy-anthra-quinone mol-ecule is planar (r.m.s. deviation for the 18 non-H atoms is 0.022 Å) and features two intra-molecular hy-droxy-O-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds. Dimeric aggregates of 1,8-di-hydroxy-anthra-quinone mol-ecules assemble through weak inter-molecular hy-droxy-O-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds. The mol-ecular packing comprises stacks of mol-ecules of 2-bromo-naphtho-quinone and dimeric assembles of 1,8-di-hydroxy-anthra-quinone with the shortest π-π contact within a stack of 3.5760 (9) Å occurring between the different rings of 2-bromo-naphtho-quinone mol-ecules. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface reveals the importance of the inter-actions just indicated but, also the contribution of additional C-H⋯O contacts as well as C=O⋯π inter-actions to the mol-ecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon D. L. Tonin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Tecnológica, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Tecnológica, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics, Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 001, India
| | | | - James L. Wardell
- Fundaçaö Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Chemical Crystallography, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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33
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Krueger EL, Sinha AS, Desper J, Aakeröy CB. Exploring binding preferences in co-crystals of conformationally flexible multitopic ligands. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01177f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of conformationally flexible, bipyridine-based ligands were co-crystallized with nine aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of varying carbon chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Desper
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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Shahbazi-Raz F, Notash B, Amani V, Safari N. 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bithiazole: Potent co-former in coordination compounds. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Zhu W, Zhu L, Sun L, Zhen Y, Dong H, Wei Z, Hu W. Uncovering the Intramolecular Emission and Tuning the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials by Cocrystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14023-14027. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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Zhu W, Zhu L, Sun L, Zhen Y, Dong H, Wei Z, Hu W. Uncovering the Intramolecular Emission and Tuning the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials by Cocrystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS); Beijing 100190 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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Hützler WM, Egert E, Bolte M. One barbiturate and two solvated thiobarbiturates containing the triply hydrogen-bonded ADA/DAD synthon, plus one ansolvate and three solvates of their coformer 2,4-diaminopyrimidine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:705-15. [PMID: 27585936 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961601336x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A path to new synthons for application in crystal engineering is the replacement of a strong hydrogen-bond acceptor, like a C=O group, with a weaker acceptor, like a C=S group, in doubly or triply hydrogen-bonded synthons. For instance, if the C=O group at the 2-position of barbituric acid is changed into a C=S group, 2-thiobarbituric acid is obtained. Each of the compounds comprises two ADA hydrogen-bonding sites (D = donor and A = acceptor). We report the results of cocrystallization experiments of barbituric acid and 2-thiobarbituric acid, respectively, with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, which contains a complementary DAD hydrogen-bonding site and is therefore capable of forming an ADA/DAD synthon with barbituric acid and 2-thiobarbituric acid. In addition, pure 2,4-diaminopyrimidine was crystallized in order to study its preferred hydrogen-bonding motifs. The experiments yielded one ansolvate of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (pyrimidine-2,4-diamine, DAPY), C4H6N4, (I), three solvates of DAPY, namely 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-1,4-dioxane (2/1), 2C4H6N4·C4H8O2, (II), 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/1), C4H6N4·C4H9NO, (III), and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1/1), C4H6N4·C5H9NO, (IV), one salt of barbituric acid, viz. 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium barbiturate (barbiturate is 2,4,6-trioxopyrimidin-5-ide), C4H7N4(+)·C4H3N2O3(-), (V), and two solvated salts of 2-thiobarbituric acid, viz. 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 2-thiobarbiturate-N,N-dimethylformamide (1/2) (2-thiobarbiturate is 4,6-dioxo-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-5-ide), C4H7N4(+)·C4H3N2O2S(-)·2C3H7NO, (VI), and 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 2-thiobarbiturate-N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/2), C4H7N4(+)·C4H3N2O2S(-)·2C4H9NO, (VII). The ADA/DAD synthon was succesfully formed in the salt of barbituric acid, i.e. (V), as well as in the salts of 2-thiobarbituric acid, i.e. (VI) and (VII). In the crystal structures of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, i.e. (I)-(IV), R2(2)(8) N-H...N hydrogen-bond motifs are preferred and, in two structures, additional R3(2)(8) patterns were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Maximilian Hützler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ernst Egert
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hützler WM, Egert E, Bolte M. 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil versus 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil: enhancing the hydrogen-bonded synthon motif by replacement of a methylene group with an O atom. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:634-46. [PMID: 27487338 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616011281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of intermolecular interactions is a key objective of crystal engineering in order to exploit the derived knowledge for the rational design of new molecular solids with tailored physical and chemical properties. The tools and theories of crystal engineering are indispensable for the rational design of (pharmaceutical) cocrystals. The results of cocrystallization experiments of the antithyroid drug 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAPY), and of 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil (MOMTU) with DAPY and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAPY), respectively, are reported. PTU and MOMTU show a high structural similarity and differ only in the replacement of a methylene group (-CH2-) with an O atom in the side chain, thus introducing an additional hydrogen-bond acceptor in MOMTU. Both molecules contain an ADA hydrogen-bonding site (A = acceptor and D = donor), while the coformers DAPY and TAPY both show complementary DAD sites and therefore should be capable of forming a mixed ADA/DAD synthon with each other, i.e. N-H...O, N-H...N and N-H...S hydrogen bonds. The experiments yielded one solvated cocrystal salt of PTU with DAPY, four different solvates of MOMTU, one ionic cocrystal of MOMTU with DAPY and one cocrystal salt of MOMTU with TAPY, namely 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 6-propyl-2-thiouracilate-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-N,N-dimethylacetamide-water (1/1/1/1) (the systematic name for 6-propyl-2-thiouracilate is 6-oxo-4-propyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide), C4H7N4(+)·C7H9N2OS(-)·C4H6N4·C4H9NO·H2O, (I), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil-N,N-dimethylformamide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C3H7NO, (II), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil-N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C4H9NO, (III), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil-dimethyl sulfoxide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C2H6OS, (IV), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C5H9NO, (V), 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate (the systematic name for 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate is 4-methoxymethyl-6-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide), C4H7N4(+)·C6H7N2O2S(-), (VI), and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate-6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil (1/1), C4H8N5(+)·C6H7N2O2S(-)·C6H8N2O2S, (VII). Whereas in (I) only an AA/DD hydrogen-bonding interaction was formed, the structures of (VI) and (VII) both display the desired ADA/DAD synthon. Conformational studies on the side chains of PTU and MOMTU also revealed a significant deviation for cocrystals (VI) and (VII), leading to the desired enhancement of the hydrogen-bond pattern within the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Maximilian Hützler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ernst Egert
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Suresh T, Vijayakumar V, Kumar LJ, Sarveswari S, Jotani MM, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Tan YS, Tiekink ER. Hydrogen bonding in 2,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one methanol solvate. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2015-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The crystal structure analysis of a 2,6-diaryl 4-piperidone derivative, isolated as a mono-methanol solvate, reveals that both the piperidone and the methanol molecule lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. A chair conformation is found for the piperidone ring with the aryl and methyl groups in equatorial positions. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation of supramolecular zigzag chains mediated by amine-N–H···O(methanol) and hydroxyl-O–H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds, i.e. the methanol molecule serves as a bridge between piperidone molecules. The molecular structure is compared with that determined in an unsolvated form and the gas-phase equilibrium structure, obtained using density-functional theory (DFT); differences relate, in the main, to the relative dispositions of the aryl rings. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces of the experimental structures indicates very similar relative contributions with the notable exception being the contribution by O···H/H···O which at 13.7% in the methanol solvate is >8.5% in the unsolvated form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Vijayakumar
- VIT University , Centre for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - L. Jyothish Kumar
- VIT University , Centre for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - S. Sarveswari
- VIT University , Centre for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Department of Physics , Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- National Research Council of Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology , 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yee Seng Tan
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Topić F, Rissanen K. Systematic Construction of Ternary Cocrystals by Orthogonal and Robust Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience
Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience
Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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On the issues of resolving a low melting combination as a definite eutectic or an elusive cocrystal: A critical evaluation. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Syed S, Jotani MM, Halim SNA, Tiekink ERT. A 2:1 co-crystal of 2-methyl-benzoic acid and N,N'-bis-(pyridin-4-ylmeth-yl)ethanedi-amide: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:391-8. [PMID: 27006815 PMCID: PMC4778829 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title 2:1 co-crystal, 2C8H8O2·C14H14N4O2, comprises an acid mol-ecule in a general position and half a di-amide mol-ecule, the latter being located about a centre of inversion. In the acid, the carb-oxy-lic acid group is twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring to which it is attached [dihedral angle = 28.51 (8)°] and the carbonyl O atom and methyl group lie approximately to the same side of the mol-ecule [hy-droxy-O-C-C-C(H) torsion angle = -27.92 (17)°]. In the di-amide, the central C4N2O2 core is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.031 Å), and the pyridyl rings are perpendicular, lying to either side of the central plane [central residue/pyridyl dihedral angle = 88.60 (5)°]. In the mol-ecular packing, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via hy-droxy-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds. These are connected into a supra-molecular layer parallel to (12[Formula: see text]) via amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds, as well as methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. Significant π-π inter-actions occur between benzene/benzene, pyrid-yl/benzene and pyrid-yl/pyridyl rings within and between layers to consolidate the three-dimensional packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Syed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics, Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 001, India
| | | | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Centre for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Cherukuvada S, Kaur R, Guru Row TN. Co-crystallization and small molecule crystal form diversity: from pharmaceutical to materials applications. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Corpinot MK, Stratford SA, Arhangelskis M, Anka-Lufford J, Halasz I, Judaš N, Jones W, Bučar DK. On the predictability of supramolecular interactions in molecular cocrystals – the view from the bench. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00293e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of cocrystals involving theophylline and fluorobenzoic acids highlights the difficulty of predicting supramolecular interactions in molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Judaš
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge, UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London, UK
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
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Syed S, Halim SNA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT. A 2:1 co-crystal of p-nitro-benzoic acid and N,N'-bis-(pyridin-3-ylmeth-yl)ethanedi-amide: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:76-82. [PMID: 26870591 PMCID: PMC4704746 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015024068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The title 2:1 co-crystal, 2C7H5NO4·C14H14N4O2, in which the complete di-amide mol-ecule is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry, features a three-mol-ecule aggregate sustained by hydroxyl-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds. The p-nitro-benzoic acid mol-ecule is non-planar, exhibiting twists of both the carb-oxy-lic acid and nitro groups, which form dihedral angles of 10.16 (9) and 4.24 (4)°, respectively, with the benzene ring. The di-amide mol-ecule has a conformation approximating to a Z shape, with the pyridyl rings lying to either side of the central, almost planar di-amide residue (r.m.s. deviation of the eight atoms being 0.025 Å), and forming dihedral angles of 77.22 (6)° with it. In the crystal, three-mol-ecule aggregates are linked into a linear supra-molecular ladder sustained by amide-N-H⋯O(nitro) hydrogen bonds and orientated along [10-4]. The ladders are connected into a double layer via pyridyl- and benzene-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions, which, in turn, are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via π-π stacking inter-actions between pyridyl and benzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.6947 (8) Å]. An evaluation of the Hirshfeld surfaces confirm the importance of inter-molecular inter-actions involving oxygen atoms as well as the π-π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Syed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics, Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380001, India
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Centre for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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